2, the house price cost 2000 yuan, the price is 6000 yuan, forming a bubble.
3. When you earn 2000 yuan, you dare not want to buy a house; Income has increased invisibly, house prices have not changed, and it is possible to sell.
It can be said that the big bubble of real estate can be eliminated slowly through inflation.
In fact, a rising tide lifts all boats, and with inflation, house prices will also rise. The above is just the ideal calculation of theorists.
What is a virtual economy? Bubble economy? Inflation. Virtual economy:
1. Concept: Virtual economy is the inevitable product of economic virtualization (called "financial deepening" in the west) relative to the real economy. The essence of economy is a set of value system, including material price system and asset price system. Different from the material price system supported by cost and technology, the asset price system is a specific price system based on capitalization pricing, that is, virtual economy. Because of capitalization pricing, people's psychological factors will have an important impact on virtual economy; In other words, the virtual economy has inherent volatility in the implementation process. Broadly speaking, virtual economy includes not only financial industry and real estate industry, but also sports economy, gambling industry and collection industry.
2. Features
Virtual economy is the product of highly developed market economy, and its ultimate goal is to serve the real economy. With the rapid development of virtual economy, its scale has surpassed that of real economy, and it has become an economic category relatively independent of real economy.
Compared with the real economy, the virtual economy has obviously different characteristics. To sum up, it is mainly manifested in four aspects: high liquidity, instability, high risk and high speculation.
It takes time and space to realize real economic activities. Even in today's highly developed information technology, it takes some time from production to demand realization. But virtual economy is the holding and trading activity of virtual capital, and it is only the transfer of value symbols. Compared with the real economy, its liquidity is very high. With the rapid development of information technology, virtual capital such as stocks and securities is paperless and electronic, and its transaction process is completed in an instant. It is the high liquidity of the virtual economy. It improves the efficiency of social resource allocation and redistribution, making it an indispensable part of modern market economy.
Second, the bubble economy:
1, concept: bubble economy: refers to a macroeconomic state in which the value of assets exceeds the real economy and it is easy to lose the ability of sustainable development. Bubble economy is often supported by a large number of speculative activities, and its essence is greed. Because of the lack of the support of the real economy, its assets are as easy to burst as bubbles, so it is called "bubble economy" in economics. When the bubble economy develops to a certain extent, it often leads to the rapid decline of asset value due to the disillusionment of market expectations or the myth supporting speculative activities, which is called bubble burst in economics.
2. Causes:
(1) The macro environment is relaxed, and there are sources of speculation funds.
The bubble economy occurred in the stage when the state loosened the banks and the economy developed rapidly. On the surface, social and economic prosperity provided a source of funds for the bubble economy. Commodity economy is characterized by periodic growth. After each round of economic depression, in order to start economic growth, interest rates are often lowered, monetary policy is relaxed, and investment and consumption demand are * * *. Some enterprises and individuals with funds in their hands, the first thing they think of is to invest these funds in resources with potential for maintaining and increasing value, which is the social foundation for the growth of bubble economy.
(2) The formation and development of bubble economy lacks restraint mechanism.
Judging from the development process of previous bubble economies, so far, society lacks an effective restraint mechanism for the formation and development of bubble economies. The key to restrain the formation and development of bubble economy is to supervise and control all kinds of speculative activities that promote the growth of economic bubble, but so far, society still lacks such supervision means. This kind of speculation takes place between speculators, which is a two-for-two transaction, and no intermediary can monitor it. As the most critical step in the process of speculation-payment, there is no monitoring mechanism. Although the payment is generally made through the bank, the bank is only a payment intermediary, paying according to the customer's instructions, and the content of payment cannot be constrained. In addition, the decentralization of banks can not play a role in supervising speculative activities. * * * is external, and it is impossible to participate in trading activities between enterprises. Moreover, * * * is often easily confused by the illusion of economic prosperity formed by speculative exchanges, and it is not until the problems have accumulated to a considerable extent that we realize the speculative activities hidden behind them.
Three: inflation:
1, concept: inflation, under the credit monetary system, the amount of money in circulation exceeds the actual needs of the economy, which leads to currency depreciation and the overall and sustained rise of the price level-in more popular language, the price level in a given economy generally continues to rise for a given period of time, resulting in the continuous decline of the purchasing power of money.
2. Type:
(A) according to the severity of inflation classification
Low inflation rate
Low inflation is characterized by slow and predictable price increases. It can be defined as inflation with an annual inflation rate of 1 digit. At this time, prices are relatively stable, and people trust money.
(2) Rapid inflation
This kind of inflation will occur when the price level rises at the rate of 20%, 100% or even 200% every year. Once this inflation situation is formed and stabilized, there will be serious economic distortions.
(3) hyperinflation
The most vicious Hyperinflation, money has almost no fixed value, and the price has been increasing. Its disastrous influence makes the market economy useless.
(b) Classification by causes of inflation
(1) Demand-driven inflation (an inflation characterized by spontaneity, inducement and support) is caused by the excessive growth of total social demand, which exceeds the growth rate of total social supply, resulting in insufficient supply of goods and services and sustained price increase.
(2) Cost-driven inflation
Cost-driven inflation, also known as cost inflation or supply inflation, refers to the sustained and significant increase in the general price level caused by the increase in supply costs without excessive demand.
(3) imported inflation
Imported inflation refers to the continuous increase in domestic prices (caused by exchange rate) due to the increase in the prices of foreign commodities or production factors.
(4) structural inflation
Structural inflation refers to the phenomenon that the price rises when the total demand is not too much, and the excessive demand for products by some departments leads to the price rise of some products.
The TV version of Summer of Bubbles is very different from the book. elegant
Tell me more about the life experiences of Chen Ou Xia Mo and Cheng Xiao.
Sister xiaoxi didn't have time to say it in the novel.
It's in the TV series
It should be born by Ou Xingya and Xia.
So everyone guessed that Xia and luna (a bar girl) were born.
So they can exchange kidneys.
Xia Mo was born (early) to luna and others.
Why does the bursting of the stock market and housing market bubble produce obvious inflation? The stock market and the housing market are like two pools full of water (money). Once the pool is low, the ability to store money will decline, and the prepared money will flow to other places, such as the real economy, futures market and collection market, thus causing obvious inflation.
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Money surplus-over-investment-asset bubble-price inflation is the basic logic and path of inflation. How to understand these four concepts is difficult to define. Relatively speaking, there is a higher consensus on the definition of inflation.
Excess currency. Theoretically speaking, the amount of money put in must be proportional to the economic aggregate and economic growth rate. If it exceeds this ratio too much, it will form a money surplus. Although there are various empirical research conclusions and criteria, whether the currency is excessive is an empirical judgment and an after-the-fact performance.
Overinvestment. If the central bank issues too much money, it means that the credit available to banks and other financial institutions increases, and the money that enterprises and individuals can use for investment increases, that is, the market liquidity increases. When monetary policy is relaxed, interest rates drop, and investment will inevitably increase, these currencies will be transformed into investments in the real economy and the virtual economy, which is manifested in the hot investment in the real industry, the rapid increase in production capacity, and the sharp rise in stock prices and house prices. Whether there is over-investment in the real economy is generally judged by whether there is overcapacity, but this judgment cannot be too simple. The criteria for judging whether the investment in assets such as stocks, bonds and real estate is excessive are even more varied.
Asset bubble is a concept that is difficult to be standardized. Usually refers to excessive investment in stocks and bonds in the capital market, resulting in high P/E ratio and high real estate prices. Take stocks as an example. The stock price and its income are the possible future income of companies with hairstyles. If the future stock price and its income far exceed the actual profitability of the company, it can be considered that an asset bubble has formed at this time.
Inflation. The concept is not repeated. First of all, it must be pointed out that even if there is no virtual economy, inflation will occur only in the real economy if there is excess money. When the total social output is fixed, the amount of money will double and the prices of these products will double. If there is a virtual economy, excess money will aggravate inflation, mainly through three or two paths. First, excessive profits in the capital market will lead to capital outflow from the real economy. For example, many private entrepreneurs no longer engage in production and lend their accumulated funds at high interest rates, which leads to a decline in supply and a rise in prices; Second, even if there is overcapacity in the real economy, due to the disparity in profit returns between the real economy and the virtual economy, there are distorted behaviors in the real economy, such as hoarding, driving up prices, putting a large amount of garlic in the freezer, and selling a small amount of garlic in the market at a high price to obtain the same profit rate as real estate; The third is the role of the whole social cost and profit transmission mechanism.
How to understand the real estate bubble?