Why delay retirement? When will retirement be postponed? Is it because the pension is not enough? Let's take a look at Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's answers to these questions that everyone cares about.
Why delay retirement?
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Minister Yin Weimin said during the two sessions this year that the current retirement age policy was determined in the early 1950s. At that time, the life expectancy in China was less than 50 years. Great changes have taken place in the national conditions, and the life expectancy of the population has reached more than 70 years. It needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation.
At present, China is facing the enormous pressure of aging population, and the labor supply situation is grim.
It is predicted that in 2050, the proportion of people over 60 in China will reach 38.6%. At present, the dependency ratio of employee pension insurance is 3.04: 1, that is, three people support 1, and it will drop to 1.3: 1.3 by 2050. Internationally, delaying retirement age is a common practice for countries to deal with population aging. Since 1989, 170 countries in the world have delayed their retirement age.
In addition, in many professional and technical positions, people in their fifties and sixties are in the stage of rich experience and skilled skills, and the substitution elasticity of this high-end human resource is relatively low. If these people retire prematurely, it will be a huge waste of human capital.
In fact, at present, the retirement ages of all countries in the world, except some countries in Africa, are 65 and 67. In contrast, China's average retirement age is less than 55, making it the earliest country in the world.
What is the gradual retirement age?
The gradual retirement age policy has been widely adopted by countries all over the world, especially some developed countries.
What exactly is "gradual"? It will take a long time to gradually reach the goal of raising the statutory retirement age. Although the rhythm is fast and slow, it is gradual on the whole. According to Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, it can be summed up in eight words-"Walk slowly, arrive gradually", that is, the retirement age will only be extended by a few months every year, and it will take a long time to reach the legal retirement age.
Therefore, if the policy is implemented, you have reached the retirement age, and the biggest possibility is only to extend the retirement age for a few months.
When to implement delayed retirement?
According to reports, before the implementation of the delayed retirement policy, the plan will be announced first, and the implementation time will be at least five years later, giving everyone a psychological expectation. According to Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's previous thinking and planning, the delayed retirement policy will go through several processes, such as formulation, public consultation, reporting to the central government and publication, and there will be a buffer period of several years after publication. Therefore, people facing retirement in recent years should be "stress-free".
Will delaying retirement affect my pension payment?
Yin Weimin once said that the balance of payments of pension funds in the future is indeed under great pressure. Moreover, because the endowment insurance for enterprise employees is a provincial overall plan, there is an imbalance between regions.
However, it is very clear that the current pension insurance is generally running smoothly, and "everyone's pension is guaranteed". Both the endowment insurance for enterprise employees and the endowment insurance for urban and rural residents are unable to make ends meet, which not only ensures the payment of benefits, but also has a slight balance.
Taking the data of 10 month before this year as an example, the total income of the national fund exceeds the total expenditure by more than 210 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance of funds in most provinces has been paid for more than 8 months, which can guarantee the payment of the current pension insurance benefits.
How to guarantee the pension income?
In 20 14, the data released by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security showed that the accumulated balance of endowment insurance for enterprise employees nationwide was 3.06 trillion yuan, and that for urban and rural residents was 384.3 billion yuan. The average rate of return of pension is only 2.32%, which is lower than the price increase level in most years and faces greater risk of depreciation. How can we guarantee the preservation and appreciation of such a large sum of money?
In June this year, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Investment in Basic Endowment Insurance Funds, soliciting opinions from the public.
This new regulation completely lifted the curse that "pension can't invest in the stock market". On the premise of domestic investment, the investment scope of pension funds has been expanded. In the past, you could only deposit in the bank and buy government bonds, but now you can invest in securities funds, stocks, equity, stock index futures and so on. , listed in circulation, can buy.
In fact, Guangdong Province has already made an attempt. In 20 12, with the approval of the State Council and entrusted by the Guangdong provincial government, the National Social Security Fund Council was responsible for investing and operating the balance of basic old-age insurance for employees in Guangdong Province, with a yield of 6.2%, which outperformed the inflation rate of 2.6% in the same period.
At the same time, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will intensify the collection of social insurance, implement the national overall planning of basic pensions, accelerate the development of a multi-level old-age insurance system, and continue to enhance the supporting capacity of pensions.
How to ensure the security of pension?
Pensions enter the market to achieve diversified and professional investment, and some netizens are worried. "This will make the risk even greater. What if I lose? "
Jong Li, spokesman of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the pension fund is the life-saving money of the masses, and ensuring the absolute security of the pension is always the first consideration.
First of all, the state exercises strict supervision over various social insurance funds, deposits them in special financial accounts, implements the management of two lines of revenue and expenditure, and earmarking them for special purposes. No organization or individual may occupy or misappropriate them. Once there are acts of embezzlement and misappropriation of social security funds, they are found together and investigated together to ensure the safety and integrity of various social insurance funds.
Secondly, in view of investment behavior, it will also conduct comprehensive supervision in management institutions, asset allocation strategies and information disclosure systems. In order to effectively balance risks and benefits, the new regulations set a "red line": the proportion of investment in stocks, equity funds, hybrid funds and equity pension products shall not exceed 30% of the fund's net asset value.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.