From 1895 to 1936, a number of new coal mining enterprises have emerged under the situation that foreign capital and national capitalists are scrambling to invest in China coal mines. 1896 Chinese and American businessmen jointly organized Mentougou Tongxing Coal Mine (later changed to Sino-British joint venture). 1898, Germany obtained the mining right within 15km along the Ji Jiao railway according to the JIAOZHOU bay unequal lease treaty, which was the first precedent to seize the mining right in China. 190 1 year, the Germans set up Huade Company to mine Fangzi and Huoshan coal mines in Shandong. Subsequently, ThePekin Syndicate Ltd obtained the mining right of Jiaozuo Coal Mine in Henan Province on 1898, and started mining on 1902 (see Jiaozuo Mining Bureau). 1898 Zhili Lincheng Coal Mine, founded by Li Hongzhang in 1882, suffered losses year after year and borrowed money from Belgium. All the funds were supplied by Belgium, and the mining rights were owned by Belgium. By 1920, Chinese businessmen paid off their loans and recovered their mining rights, and the government and businessmen jointly produced more than 200,000 tons of coal. 1936 mine was flooded and scrapped. 1898 Sheng Xuanhuai, the railway supervisor of Qing Dynasty, appointed Zhang Zanchen to establish Pingxiang Coal Mine (see Pingxiang Mining Bureau). 1899, Zhang Lianfen raised funds to restore Zaozhuang Coal Mine, which was once closed, and named it Zhongxing Company. It is the largest modern coal mine in China, with an annual output of over1100,000 tons. 193 1 year, the mine bought two coal cutters from Germany and tried them in thin coal seams, each with a daily production capacity of about 160 tons. 1900, British businessmen took advantage of Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China to defraud Kailuan Coal Mine (see Kailuan Mining Bureau), and later merged with Luanzhou Coal Mine Company and renamed it Kailuan Mining Bureau, which was jointly organized by China and Britain. In 1930s, Kailuan Coal Mine produced 4-5 million tons of coal annually, which was one of the largest coal mines in modern China. 1903, China merchants raised funds to mine Liuhegou coal mine. Later, due to years of losses, they borrowed German money to run a mine in 19 1 1, and hired Germans as consultants, subject to the Germans. 19 14 years, the mine manager mortgaged the minerals to the Bank of Bi Hua, and used the money to repay the German debt, which was controlled by the Belgians. Until 19 19, the debt was paid off and the mining right was recovered, and it became a coal mine operated by Chinese businessmen with a maximum annual output of more than 700,000 tons. 1946, the mine was destroyed by war. 1905 After the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese army occupied the Fushun coal mine jointly run by China and Russia, and then handed it over to Nanman Railway Co., Ltd. until 1945. Open-pit mining and underground mining methods in Fushun coal mine. Its open-pit mining scale was relatively large in the world at the beginning of the 20th century. From 19 14 ~ 1945, Fushun open-pit mine mined 77 million tons of coal, stripping earth and stone 1892 1000 m3, twice as much as the world-famous Panama Canal. The output of Fushun Coal Mine was the largest in China at that time and second to none in East Asia (see Fushun Mining Bureau). 1908, Shanxi officially established Jinbao Mining Company, redeemed the mining right of British Fu Shang Company in Shanxi, and mined coal mines in Yangquan and Datong. 19 10, the Benxi Lake Coal and Iron Mine was established by Sino-Japanese joint venture (see Benxi Iron and Steel Company).

1929, Huainan coal mine was opened by the Kuomintang government construction Committee (1937 was changed to commercial operation, and the main investor was the Construction Bank Company operated by Song Ziwen), with a daily output of 700 tons. In the same year, Shanxi Jinbei Mining Bureau was established to mine Datong Coal Mine with a daily output of 300-400 tons. By 1936, there will be 6 1 coal mines with an annual output of over 50,000 tons, including 8 coal mines with an annual output of over 600,000 tons (Kailuan, Jingxing, Zhongfu, Zibo, Zhongxing, Fushun, Benxi and xi 'an). The national raw coal output is 39 million tons. The average efficiency is 0.3 tons per work.

The basic characteristics of this period are as follows: ① The imperialists seized the mineral rights of China and controlled the main coal mines in China by operating alone or jointly with China. During this period, outsiders invested in 32 coal mines, accounting for 5 1.78% of the total investment in China coal mines. 1933 The national coal output belongs to foreign capital, accounting for 61.3%; (2) China's state capital has set up a number of coal mines with low efficiency and high cost under the condition of insufficient funds and weak technical force, which can't stand the blow of foreign coal dumping and often lose money; (3) The mechanical configuration in the production process is extremely unreasonable, and new machines are used for mine hoisting, ventilation and drainage, while the mining face is mainly hand-picked coal planing, and the roadway transportation depends entirely on manpower and animal power; ④ The distribution of coal mining enterprises is extremely unreasonable, mainly concentrated in Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Shanxi and Henan provinces. From 65438 to 0936, the coal output of these five provinces accounted for 76.5% of the national coal output. 1937 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression outbreak. After 193 1 invaded all the coal mines in northeast China, Japanese imperialism invaded the coal mines in North China and Central China one after another. Japanese imperialism carried out predatory mining in the occupied areas of Northeast China (September 18th Incident to August 1945), North China and Central China (July 7th Incident to August 1945), taking away 419.5 million tons of raw coal.

The coal mine occupied by the Japanese Emperor has the following characteristics: ① In order to solve the difficulty of insufficient equipment and plunder China coal resources more quickly, the Japanese Emperor mainly used small inclined shafts and small vertical shafts to develop coalfields. For example, there are 267 large and small coal mines in Northeast China, including 8 vertical shafts, 7 open-pit mines and 252 inclined shafts. Most coal mining methods are residual pillars, and the recovery rate is only about 20%. (2) Increasing production mainly depends on increasing labor force, and rarely increases mechanical equipment. (3) The production efficiency is decreasing year by year, and the coal cost is increasing year by year. (4) Lack of safety equipment and measures, and serious disasters and accidents. 1942 a rare gas and coal dust explosion accident occurred in Benxihu coal mine, resulting in 1549 deaths.

After 1937, with the Japanese emperor occupying the main coal-producing areas in North China, the Kuomintang government had to shift coal development to southwest, south and northwest. From 1937 to 1945, 57 coal mines with a daily output of more than 50 tons were built or expanded under the jurisdiction of the Kuomintang government, the largest of which was Tianfu Coal Mine with an annual output of more than 300,000 tons. The annual output of other coal mines is mostly below 20,000 tons. From 1938 to 1945, the Kuomintang government area produced 45.62 million tons of coal. 1945 after Japan surrendered, most of the occupied coal mines were taken over by the Kuomintang government. Due to the plunder and destruction of the Japanese emperor and the war, most of these coal mines are in a state of suspension or semi-suspension. The output of coal mines in southwest China and other places has dropped sharply because of poor sales. From 1946 to 1948, only 29 coal mines directly under the jurisdiction of the Resources Committee of the Kuomintang government produced12.52 million tons of raw coal.

In China Liberated Area, the democratic government first took over a number of coal mines from the Japanese Emperor, and then successively took over all coal mines except Taiwan Province Province from the Kuomintang government. These coal mines have been seriously damaged. In the case of extreme shortage of equipment and materials, the democratic government has carried out arduous emergency repair work and gradually resumed production. From June 1946 to June 1949, China Liberated Area produced about 20 million tons of raw coal. China coal output 19 12 ~ 1949 is shown in the attached figure. Since 1949, after 30 years of construction, China's coal industry has formed an industrial system that can independently complete various tasks such as exploration, design, construction, production, washing and processing, machinery manufacturing, scientific research and education. China is rich in coal resources. 1.500m (south1.000m) predicted reserves of 3.2 trillion tons, 1.982 accumulated proven reserves of 752.7 billion tons, and retained reserves of 7.41.800 million tons. There are all kinds of coal, including bituminous coal, anthracite and lignite, mainly bituminous coal. Among bituminous coal, coking coal and non-smelting coal, such as gas, fertilizer, coke and lean coal, each account for about half. The geological conditions of coal formation are good, and there are certain open-pit mining reserves. By 1982, there are 407 unified coal mines, 2,333 local coal mines above the county level,1kloc-0/coal preparation plants, 84 well construction engineering departments, 34 key coal mine machinery factories, 13 1 coalfield geological exploration teams and 29 coal mines. There are 4.47 million employees, including more than 230,000 professional technicians from coal enterprises at or above the provincial level. From 1949 to 1982, the average growth rate of raw coal output was 9.6%, and 1982 produced 666.32 million tons of raw coal, which was 9.5 times higher than the 32.4 million tons of 1949. Coal washing processing and comprehensive utilization have also developed to some extent. The design capacity of the coal preparation plant is116.99 million tons/year.