2, touts, formerly known as screen friends, screen guests, screen guests, aides and so on. Generally, there is no official title, and it is not in the * * * system, but the curtain boss is hired privately, and the curtain boss is an employment relationship. The host of the curtain calls the host a guest of honor and a friend, and the host calls the host Dong Weng and Dong Jia. They are people who give advice to employers. I also have to write articles and official documents for the host.
3. In the Ming Dynasty, touts, as a special profession, were included in the establishment of "civil servants", such as touts. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, bureaucrats often gathered to recruit some talented and knowledgeable people, which is called "mutual respect between men and women" in novels. They are actually a kind of teachers, who not only give advice and write official documents for the host, but also accompany the host to chat, recite poems and paint, travel and other entertainment activities.
Question: what does tout mean? The curtain is Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu: "Xi Sheng is a guest in the curtain". Han Zhen's "Screen Friends" said: "Those who are in charge of the governor's affairs to rule the seventeen provinces on their behalf are also screen friends."
Screen friends mainly include criminal name, Qian Gu, Shu Qi, Zheng Bi, counting room, marking, Zhu Mo and registration, among which the first three are the most essential. In the Qing Dynasty, screen friends were employed from the governor to the magistrate. Most of the screen friends in the Qing Dynasty came from eight counties in Shaoxing, so they were also called "Shaoxing masters", forming a huge regional "master gang". Gong E, a Shaoxing-born teacher, said in Xue Hongxuan's Letter: "The career in my hometown is worth thousands of people in Qian Qian." Chen Tianxi said that touts are like "hunger and thirst are to diet, and cold and heat are to Qiu Ge, but they cannot be separated". In Ji Yun's Notes on Yuewei Caotang, these people are considered to be "without officials and light weight". During Yongzheng period, Wu Sidao was Tian Wenjing's guest. Zhao Yi, Bao, Li, Wang Shiduo, Hua, Lin Zexu and Zuo all made guest appearances on the screen. Zeng Guofan's shogunate has as many as eighty or ninety people, and Li Hongzhang is one of them. Mu Bin played an important role in local governments in Qing Dynasty. "The official's examination depends on the people's health and home" [1].
Due to the limitation of China Imperial Examination, most officials are only familiar with literature and Confucian classics, but not with complicated local politics and common affairs of law and practice. So most local officials need the help of screen friends. Although Mu Bin lived in the shogunate, he was neither an official nor an official, with no goods, no position and no salary. So there are bribes such as "charcoal respect" and "ice respect". Zhou Xun's "Shu Hai Congtan" records that in the late Qing Dynasty, the Governor of Sichuan, the Second Division of Fan Yi, the curtain friends of Yandao Tea Ceremony yamen, and officials from various yamen states and counties all went to the town to pay homage. There are more than 22 seats in each county and city, and the supervision department is slightly thicker; Each "small seat" ranges from twelve to four or two. It is recorded in Clearance Notes that Ren Lin, the "Shao Shi" who acted as a curtain in Hunan, made a curtain for his disciple "the moon must be divided into libraries and the grain must be divided". Wang Huizu's "George's Medicine Talk" said: "Our generation is engaged in curtain, and all kinds of Confucianism are scouts, but they can't repair dozens of gold a year; The number of people in the curtain workshop is several times, or ten times. " [2] He also said: "The people in the curtain hall can't be without clothes, and their followers can't stay alone, so they can celebrate their achievements and their relatives and friends can ask for money. Nothing can be saved. It costs 100 yuan a year to repair, but when I get home, I can't afford to spend 60 or 70 yuan. The population house is just a perfunctory thing, in case it is not ready for a long time. There is no way to borrow it. " . Zhang Xuecheng said in the book "On Current Politics and Governance": "If there are thousands of dollars in accommodation in counties and counties, small officials will take advantage and seek the benefits of thousands of dollars; The governor's 10,000 gold accommodation, the state and county have to take advantage of it and seek 100,000 benefits. " .
Mubin is often confused with petty officials, but his position is much higher than that of petty officials.
Question 3: What does the master's vernacular mean? The meaning of a strategist
Question 4: What does Master Shaoxing mean? According to my personal impression, "Master Shaoxing" is different from the general "Master Shaoxing": First, the legendary "Master Shaoxing" refers to the criminal master; Secondly, "Shaoxing Master" is different from the general master of criminal names-"Master", and is called "Shaoxing", which means that its handling level is outstanding, comparable to the general master of criminal names and even litigation lawyers.
Question 5: Do you know what a "master" is? Master, also known as shogunate, aide and guest friend, refers to a bachelor of arts who helps military and political officials handle affairs. Ancient generals fought against impermanence and took the curtain as the government, so they were called shogunate, and their aides and staff were collectively called aides and staff. Historically, this system has become a habit, and the shogunate has become synonymous with military and political officials at all levels.
Although touts are George personnel in the * * * department, they generally have no official titles and are not in the * * * system. Favourite is privately hired by the curtain master, and it is an employment relationship with the curtain master. The host of the curtain calls the host a guest of honor and a friend, and the host calls the host Dong Weng and Dong Jia. Pet originated from Zhou officials and developed in past dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, touts, as a special form of curtain industry, began to sprout. In Qing Dynasty, touts were very active, and from the governor to the county, they were hired to assist in the affairs of * * *. In the late Qing dynasty, Zeng Guofan's shogunate was full of talented people, forming a modern warlord shogunate, and its influence continued until the Republic of China. The aides of the Republic of China are the end of the Qing Dynasty and the continuation of inertia.
Question 6: What does Master Broad Bean mean? Agricultural technicians
Question 7: What do you mean by "gluttonous master"? If you want to ask Cantonese, I can tell you that there is a typo, not "gluttonous master", but "silkworm master".
"Silkworm worm", master, the person who gives advice, where is the silkworm worm? Their final result is self-trapping, which is called "self-trapping" in Cantonese, and the ingenious scheme provided by "Silkworm Master" is also "self-trapping" in the end.
Question 8: Don't deny the truth in Cantonese.
Question 9: What does the master do? He gave advice to the master and participated in the secret work. Typing, typing on behalf of; Handle the case file and make a formal reply; Be ordered to send tasks, contact officialdom, etc.
The real prosperity of the "master" profession began in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty and declined in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It was active in China ancient society for about 300 years.
"Staff" and "teacher" have different objects and responsibilities.
Question 10: What does "master" mean now? 1. Master is a time-honored brand. According to the current understanding, it is a staff officer and a consultant.
2, touts, formerly known as screen friends, screen guests, screen guests, aides and so on. Generally, there is no official title, and it is not in the * * * system, but the curtain boss is hired privately, and the curtain boss is an employment relationship. The host of the curtain calls the host a guest of honor and a friend, and the host calls the host Dong Weng and Dong Jia. They are people who give advice to employers. I also have to write articles and official documents for the host.
3. In the Ming Dynasty, touts, as a special profession, were included in the establishment of "civil servants", such as touts. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, bureaucrats often gathered to recruit some talented and knowledgeable people, which is called "mutual respect between men and women" in novels. They are actually a kind of teachers, who not only give advice and write official documents for the host, but also accompany the host to chat, recite poems and paint, travel and other entertainment activities.