② The length of line segment PB is called the distance from point P to line L, and this definition is correct;
③ The length of straight line AB is the distance from point A to PB, which conforms to the definition of the distance from point to straight line and is correct;
④ The length of line segment AC is the distance from point A to PC, which does not conform to the definition of the distance from point to straight line.
So choose C.