(1) Class I: According to the occupational classification standard published by the National Bureau of Statistics, the National Bureau of Standards and the the State Council Census Office in March 1982. According to the identity of the working population, the standard divides the occupations in China into three levels: big category, middle category and small category, namely, 8 categories, 64 middle category and 30 1 small category. The order of its eight categories is: first, all kinds of professional and technical personnel; The second is the person in charge of state organs, party organizations, enterprises and institutions; Third, clerks and related personnel; Fourth, business people; Fifth, service workers, sixth, workers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; Seventh, production work, transportation work and some manual workers; Eighth, other workers who are inconvenient to classify. Among the eight categories, the first and second categories are mainly mental workers, the third category includes some mental workers and some manual workers, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh categories are mainly manual workers, and the eighth category is other workers who are inconvenient to classify.
(2) The second category: Classification and Code of National Economic Industries approved by the State Planning Commission, the State Economic Commission, the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Bureau of Standards, published by 1984 and implemented by 1985. This standard mainly classifies enterprises, institutions, government organizations and employees according to the nature of their production or other social and economic activities, that is, according to the classification of their industries, the national economic industries are divided into four levels: large category, large category, medium category and small category. Category *** 13: ① agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy; 2 industry; ③ Geological survey and exploration industry; ④ Construction industry; ⑤ Transportation, post and telecommunications; 6. Commerce, public catering, material supply and storage; ⑦ Real estate management, public utilities, residents' services and consulting services; (eight) health, sports and social welfare undertakings; (9) Education, culture, art and radio and television; Attending scientific research and comprehensive technical service industry; 1 1 financial insurance; 12 state organs, party and government organs and social organizations; 13 Other industries. These two classification methods are in line with China's national conditions, concise and practical, and also accord with China's professional status.
There are different classification methods according to different professional standards. For example, in terms of industry, it can be divided into primary, secondary and tertiary industries; According to the characteristics of work, it can be divided into pragmatism (work with machines, tools and equipment), social service, culture and education, scientific research, art and creation, calculation and mathematics (money management, statistics), natural occupation, management and general service occupation 10. Each classification method has a clear explanation for the particularity of its occupation, which is instructive for us to better grasp the characteristics of a certain occupation and choose a suitable occupation.
Second, the basic characteristics of occupation
According to the development history of occupation and its influence on the development of human society, occupation has the following characteristics.
1, industry. A country and a society can be divided into three types of industries. The primary industry and the secondary industry are both material production departments. Although the tertiary industry does not produce material wealth, it is an indispensable department for social material production and people's life. In traditional agricultural society, the proportion of agricultural population is the largest; In industrialized society, the number of occupations and employed population in the field of work has increased significantly; In a society with highly developed science and technology and rapid economic development, the number of occupations and employed population in the tertiary industry has increased significantly.
2. industry. Industries are classified according to the goods produced by production units or the people who provide services. Classified according to the nature of production or other social and economic activities of enterprises, institutions, government organizations and individual employees. The working conditions, working objects, production tools and work contents of an industry are the same or similar. Because of the same environment, people will form the same behavior patterns and have the same language habits and moral norms. There are great differences in different occupations, working conditions, working objects and working nature. With the progress and development of society, new occupations (such as brokers, etc. ) will continue to emerge, and the differences between various occupations will continue to change.
3. location. The so-called position is a collection of certain powers and responsibilities. Power and responsibility are two basic elements of a position. The same power, the same responsibility, the same position. In the classification of occupations, every occupation contains the characteristics of the position. From the perspective of social needs, there is no distinction between high and low occupations. However, in real life, because of the different quality requirements for occupations, people have different views or public opinions on occupations, so occupations also have different grades. The different grades of such occupations are often determined by different professional physical strength, mental work, income level, the weight of work tasks, social prestige, power status and other factors.
4. groups. No matter what basis is used to divide occupations, they all have the characteristics of groups. For example, researchers include philosophy, sociology, economics, science, engineering, medicine and so on. , and consulting services include science and technology consultants, psychological consultants, career consultants, etc.
5. Time and space. With the development and progress of society, the occupation changes rapidly. In addition to abandoning the old and updating, the content and methods of activities in the same profession will also change, so the division of occupations has obvious characteristics of the times, and different times have different popular occupations. In China, there have been "enthusiasm for being a soldier" and "enthusiasm for being in politics", which later developed into "enthusiasm for going to the sea" and "enthusiasm for foreign companies", all of which reflected people's enthusiasm for a certain profession in a specific period.