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Myth; legend

Drum is a percussion instrument, which is covered with a tight membrane on one or both sides of a solid and usually barrel-shaped drum body. Drums can be beaten by hand or with a drum pestle. Drum is an important instrument in African traditional music and modern music, and some bands are completely composed of percussion instruments dominated by drums. Besides being a musical instrument, drums were also used to spread information in many ancient civilizations.

catalogue

Development of China

Drum and nation

Classification of barrels

Western drum

Chinese character expansion

Documentary records of drums

Drum is a traditional percussion instrument in China. According to the Book of Rites, there was a kind of "earth drum" in the early legend, that is, a drum made of clay. Because the drum resonates well, the sound machine is more magnificent and the sound travels far, so it has long been cheered by Chinese ancestors as an army. According to legend, in the battle of Zhuolu, when the Yellow Emperor conquered Chiyou, "The Yellow Emperor killed Chiyou with his skin as a drum, with a reputation of 500" (Taiping Magnolia Volume 582 quoted Imperial Century). The ancient war drums were all made of crocodile skin, and the crocodile skin was used as the drum skin, taking the ferocious habits of crocodiles to drum.

According to "Li Zhou Emperor Situ", in the Zhou Dynasty, a "drummer" was specially set up to manage the drum system and drumming. Drums managed by drummers have many uses, such as thunder drums, spirit drums and golden drums in bands. One of them, which is specially used for military affairs, is called Fen Drum. According to Shuowen, it is a kind of big drum, which is eight feet long, with a four-foot drum face and leather on both sides. In addition, there are Lu drums and Jin drums. It is also used in the military. These drums later developed into war drums of various specifications and were widely used in the army.

history

In ancient times, drums were considered sacred.

Song black glazed drum

The utensils are mainly used as sacrificial utensils. Drums are widely used in hunting activities. Drum as a musical instrument began in the Zhou Dynasty. There were eight tones in the Zhou Dynasty, and the drum was the first of the group tones. In ancient literature, the so-called "drum and piano" means that the drum was used as an introduction before the piano was played. The cultural connotation of drums is profound, the majestic drums are closely accompanied by human beings, and the ancient wildness is gradually moving towards civilization. Customs can be folk celebration gongs and drums, and elegance can enter temple fairs and court banquets. Drum is one of the most popular and widely used musical instruments, from primitive pottery drums, earth drums, leather drums and bronze drums to a wide variety of modern drums. Some people think that the earliest drums should be used by ancient ancestors, and daily necessities such as pots and pans evolved from this. The unearthed pottery drums prove that pottery drums were made as early as 7000 years ago in the Neolithic Age. Pottery drums, also called earthen drums, are made of clay and then wrapped in animal leather. In China, the tradition of making pottery drums with tiles as the frame has a long history. Liao drum (or "rattle drum") was introduced into the Central Plains from remote areas in northwest China, and waist drum was introduced into China from western regions, which was widely popular in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to wooden materials, the waist drum in the Tang Dynasty also used ceramics as drum materials.

Drums appeared earlier. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics found so far, it can be determined that the history of drums is about 4500 years (taking the earthen drums unearthed from the early tomb of Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi as an example). In ancient times, drums were not only used for sacrifice, music and dance, but also for attacking enemies and driving away wild animals. They were also tools for telling time and giving an alarm. With the development of society, drums are more widely used, and national bands, various dramas, folk arts, songs and dances, boat races and lion dances, festival gatherings and labor competitions are all inseparable from drum instruments. The structure of the drum is relatively simple, which consists of two parts: the drum skin and the drum body. Drum skin is the pronunciation body of the drum, which is usually covered with animal skin and vibrated by tapping or patting. There are many kinds of drum instruments in China, including waist drum, big drum, bronze drum and Hua Pengu.

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Development of China

China, together with Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt and ancient India, is the birthplace of the earliest drums in the world. Historically, China drums spread to neighboring countries, such as North Korea and Japan, and also absorbed many foreign drums. The traditional drums in China are the mainstream in the Central Plains, and the drums of ethnic minorities in the border areas are influenced by both traditional drums and foreign drums, especially Arabian and Indian drums.

Most of the traditional drums in China originated from the Central Plains, and there were more than 20 kinds before Qin and Han Dynasties. Although they vary in size and height, they are almost all of thick waist type. At that time, it was used for poetry, music, dance, labor, sacrifice, war and celebration. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, almost all the original traditional drums in the Central Plains were preserved and developed, while foreign drums dominated by Arabia and India were popular in the Central Plains for a long time and occupied an important position, but gradually declined or even lost in the later period, leaving only some unknown records in the literature, such as eaves drum, Qi drum, chicken drum, Jie drum, Ala drum, Dutan drum and Maoyuan drum.

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Drum and nation

The drums popular among all ethnic groups in China mainly include the following categories.

Tiger bird drum

(Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Jiangling, Hubei)

① Jingpo nationality in Xinjiang, also known as Drum. The drum was hollowed out into a huge wood about 3 meters long, and the double mask was tied tightly with a thong. Put two cross bars or hang them on a wooden frame. Two people each hit a head, or sit on the drum, or jump while playing. Often used for outdoor large-scale song and dance accompaniment. (2) Dong Drum tribute. The drum frame is made of a whole log, about 100 cm long and about 50 cm in diameter. It has two sides of Mengniu skin, slightly larger waist and big iron rings on both sides. Hanging horizontally in the drum tower, it is only used for festivals and gatherings to discuss major issues. A cylindrical drum.

Thick waist drum

① Drum. The big eardrum used by the band is about 50 ~ 100 cm in diameter and covered with Mengniu skin. Generally, it is placed on a drum stand and hammered with two hammers. Used for instrumental ensemble and accompaniment of dance and opera. The diameter of tympanic membrane used for festival celebration is greater than 100 cm, 1 person or several people each hold two hammers. (2) bronze drum, also known as bronze drum, also known as Zhanggu in Qing Dynasty. It's the same shape as a drum, but smaller. Drum diameters are generally 7, 8 and 10 inch. Used for accompaniment and solo of instrumental ensemble, opera and dance. 3 drums. Similar in shape to a drum, but shorter and shorter, also known as a flat drum. Pronunciation is loud and varies in size. Mainly used in song and dance troupes, dance teams, acrobatic troupes and gongs and drums teams. 4 book drums. The drum body is flat and round, the drum diameter is 22 cm, the drum height is 8.5 cm, and the pronunciation is low and loud. Put it on the braided rope of the bamboo tube rack. It is an important accompaniment instrument for all kinds of rap music in the north. When singing, the actor holds a book board or pear in his left hand and a single sign in his right hand. 5 waist drum. Legend has it that it evolved from the outer drum in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The drum body is thick in the middle and thin at both ends, covered with cowhide or mule skin, and there are two iron rings on one side of the drum body. There are four sizes with clear pronunciation. It is often hung around the waist by dancers, who dance with double hammers. Used in folk yangko or festivals and welcoming ceremonies. ⑥ Korean drums are taller than grass. Flat as a book drum, about 25 cm in diameter, with a handle. It is not only a musical instrument, but also a dance prop. When in use, the left hand holds the handle and the right hand holds the stick to play. Often tap dance. ⑦ Korean drums. It is shaped like a Han drum with a diameter of 37.5 cm. When playing, sit on the floor, tap with your left hand and tap with your right hand on the drum surface and drum edge. 8 mountain drums. Drum shaped like the Han nationality, with a membrane diameter of 24-45cm, is used for sacrificial ceremonies, festivals, weddings, sowing and insect repellent in farmland. Pet-name ruby wear drums. The middle waist is slightly thick, nearly cylindrical, and placed on the frame. 1 One person can jump while playing, or two people can play together. During the ensemble, 1 people danced with mallets in front, and 1 people played with long sticks in the back, making a banging sound. /kloc-in the 1950 s, the scale was reduced and it was put on the stage for solo and song and dance accompaniment. Zhuang people are full of drums and collaterals. It is shaped like a big drum, with one-sided Mengniu skin and iron rings in the middle of both sides. When playing, put it on the ground and hit it with a double hammer. It is often used as accompaniment for festival gongs and drums ensemble, lion dance and dragon dance.

Shallow cylindrical drum

(1) Dan Pigu, also known as Ban Gu, tambourine. Spread in Naxi, Dong, Tujia, Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups. The drum frame is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the middle of the drum surface is four high and low at the outside. It was covered on one side and placed on a wooden frame. Play with the stick of 1 or 2, and the voice is high and passionate. It is used to accompany the cave music of Naxi nationality, the stringed gongs and drums of Tujia nationality, the percussion music of Dong nationality and the percussion music and opera of Han nationality. 2 o'clock drum, also known as pregnant drum. Thick wood edges, high in the middle, gradually low on the four sides, and Mengniu skin on both sides. When playing, one side of the drum stand on the right knee, with the drum facing forward. The upper end of the drum stand is supported by the right wrist, with fingers holding mahogany or bamboo sticks to knock, and the left hand holding the board to high-five. Cappella for Fan Shi drum or Kunqu opera.

thin waist drum

① bee drum. Popular in Guangxi Zhuang, Yao and Maonan nationalities. In Yongning and Wuming, the Zhuang nationality is called Yuegu, the Maonan nationality around the Yangtze River is called Changgu, and the Yao nationality in Fangcheng is called Rudao. Some places are also called horizontal drum, tile drum and waist drum. The drum cavity is forged from yellow mud, with two big ends, a spherical end and a trumpet-shaped end. The middle is as thin as a bee's waist, and there are two sides. When playing, the drum rope is hung in front of the head and neck, or placed on a shelf or stool. Hit the ball with a stick in your left hand, beat the other end with your right hand, and stand, sit or dance while hitting. It is mainly used for accompaniment of Shigong Opera and Shigong Dance. 2 Korean stick drum, also known as long drum. Wooden drum body, thick and hollow at both ends, thin and solid in the middle. The drums at both ends are different in size and pronunciation. Put it on a shelf or hang it in front of you. Tap it with a slender stick with your right hand and tap the sides of the drum with your left hand. Used for long drum dance, agricultural dance and instrumental ensemble.

Pier drum

Elephant Foot Drum is popular among Dai, Wa, Bulang, Jingpo, De 'ang, Achang, Lahu, Hani and other ethnic groups. Shaped like a goblet, the top of the goblet is covered with a film and hung on the side. Hold the drum edge with your left hand and beat the drum surface with your right hand alternately. Tap and dance at festivals and festive occasions.

Long drum (1) Yao drum. The drum body is slender, the waist is thin and solid, and the mask is double-sided. You can hang it obliquely on your waist or hold the drum waist in your left hand to play. The drum is on the shelf. Song and dance used in traditional festivals and festive occasions. ② Wa bamboo drums. It is 100 cm long and made of bamboo. The upper mouth is covered with skin, the bamboo tube at the lower end is split into a waist shape, and the lower half is divided into three parts. Stand on the ground and knock with a double hammer; Or hold the drum in your left hand, with the drum facing forward and the hammer in your right hand. Used for singing and dancing. ③ Fishing drum, also known as bamboo harp or drum. On a bamboo tube with a length of 65 ~ 100 cm and a diameter of about 13 cm, one end is wrapped with pigskin or sheepskin. When in use, the left hand holds it vertically, and the right hand slaps the eardrum downward. It is an accompaniment instrument for folk music such as Taoist music, fishing drum and bamboo piano.

Annular drum

① octagonal drum. Named after the octagonal drum rack, it was popular in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty. The drum body is flat and small, seven of them have a pair of small bronze bells, and the other one is a spike, and one side is covered with python skin. When in use, the left hand holds the drum frame, and the right hand flicks, slaps or slaps with fingers and palms. Elastic line typesetting music used in Beijing and Tianjin. ② Taiping Drum. Wrap the iron ring with donkey skin, horse skin or sheepskin, which looks like a round fan. Put a handle under it and decorate it with iron rings or cymbals. Tap the drum surface with rattan and shake the hoop. Used for folk songs and dances of Manchu, Mongolian and Han nationality. ③ Dabu. The tambourines of Uygur, Tajik, Uzbek and other nationalities. The round wooden frame is covered with sheepskin or donkey skin and decorated with several small iron rings. When playing, put your hands on the drum frame, center of gravity of your left hand, hit the drum surface and shake the drum body. (4) Shaman drum, also known as grasping drum, tambourine and single drum. Popular in Manchu, Mongolian, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, Hezhe and other ethnic groups. Disc-shaped drumhead, covered with donkey, horse, cow, sheepskin or deerskin, roe skin, and criss-crossed with belts or iron bars on the back, tied with more than 0/0 pieces of copper coins/kloc. When in use, the left hand holds the belt or iron bar, the right hand holds the drumstick, and the head or body of the drumstick is used to strike. Used in shamanism rituals.

boiler barrel

(1) nagra. Iron drums of Uygur, Uzbek and other ethnic groups. The drums are large and small, and are wrapped in sheepskin or donkey skin. The diameter of the big drum surface is 27.5cm, and the diameter of the small drum surface is 20cm. Often two pairs are played on the ground, two hands are hammered, and the pitch of the two drums is four degrees. (2) drum, also known as Hua Pengu. It evolved from the hall drum, also known as the south hall drum. The drum frame is made of wood. The drum body is large and small, and there are skins on both sides. It looks like a flowerpot and is hit with two hammers. According to legend, Liang Hongyu played drums to help out in the Southern Song Dynasty. Now it is widely used in national instrumental ensemble and opera accompaniment. Sometimes solo. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Hua Pengu timpani was developed with reference to the structural characteristics of western timpani.

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Classification of barrels

Drum (20 sheets)

Waist drum: According to legend, it evolved from Jiegu and was popular in the 4th century. The waist drum in Tang Dynasty was called "Zheng Gu" or "River and Lake" because of its different playing functions. Since the Ming Dynasty, waist drum has been widely used in Fengyang ancient painting, ancient painting lantern and Huaibei ancient painting opera, and has gradually evolved into the present form.

The waist drum is shaped like a cylinder, slightly thinner at both ends, slightly thicker in the middle and covered at both ends. There are two iron rings on the drum body, which are hung around the waist with a belt and struck with a mallet in each hand. The waist drum has no fixed pitch and the sound is clear. It can be used not only as a dance instrument, but also as a dance prop to show cheerful and lively scenes. It is the main instrument of the waist drum team.

Wolf Rise: Also known as "Wolf Drum". Popular in Fujian. Zhang Lang originated from ancient fine waist drum instruments, and its shape is similar to that of Korean long drum and Zhuang bee drum. The drum is made of wood, with a total length of about 70 cm. The middle part is small, the two ends are thick and hollow, and the two sides are covered with Mengniu skin. The drum head is about 30 cm in diameter. The drum head is mounted on a metal ring and tightened with a rope. Wooden pestle tapping or hand tapping is used for instrumental ensembles, such as "Blowing Cage" and "Fan Shi in Fuzhou" in Fujian, and the accompaniment of Fujian Opera.

Fishing drum: Fishing drum, also known as "bamboo harp" or "Dao drum", has been used since the Southern Song Dynasty. The fishing drum used in modern times is made of pigskin or sheepskin on a bamboo tube with a length of 65 ~ 100 cm and a diameter of about 13 cm. When playing, the left hand holds the fishing drum firmly and the right hand slaps it, which is the main accompaniment instrument of folk music "Daoqing", "Fishing Drum" and "Zhu Qin".

Bronze drum: a big drum instrument popular among the people. A kind of drum. Widely popular in southern Jiangsu. The drum body of the same drum is barrel-shaped, slightly wider in the middle and about 60 cm high. Made of Toona sinensis, colored wood, birch or poplar, with cowhide on both sides, and the drum surface is about 50 cm in diameter. There are three drum rings in the middle of the drum body, which are used to wear or hang the drum belt.

When playing, hang the same drum on a wooden tripod and hit it with a double pestle made of mahogany or other hardwood. Mass gongs and drums teams used for national instrumental ensemble, dance, opera accompaniment and festive festivals. You can hang it on your body and play it when the gongs and drums are ringing. Playing methods include singles, doubles, rolling and boring. By tapping the drum center, drum edge and drum frame, gradually tapping from the drum center to the drum edge or tapping from the drum edge to the drum center, different timbre changes can be obtained.

In the instrumental ensemble "Fan Shi Drum" and "Fan Shi Gong and Drum", the same drum and banjo are played by one person, and the drumming skills are particularly complicated. Different styles of drum segments (or "drum cards") can be played by using light and heavy percussion, light and heavy rolling, continuous rolling combined with percussion or interactive combination of various playing methods.

Hua Pengu: It is named for its big drum surface and small drum bottom, which looks like a flowerpot. It evolved from the hall drum, also known as the "south hall drum". Because it is shaped like a cylinder, it is also called "cylindrical drum". It has been widely used in Peking Opera and other local operas, song and dance accompaniment, instrumental ensemble and solo.

Hua Pengu's drums are 60 cm high and 57 cm in diameter. The lower skin of the drum is twice smaller than the epithelium, with a diameter of 28.5 cm. The golden Yunlong pattern with national style is painted around the drum body, which is vivid and lifelike. With a special drum stand. Drum body is mostly made of Toona sinensis, poplar or willow, which is turned over by car. The drum skin is made of buffalo hide or dried cowhide, but it is best to use cow back skin. When playing Hua Pengu, you can use a wooden pestle to hit the drum head to pronounce it. The timbre is deep and rich, softer than the drum, and can play different tones.

Drum: among drum instruments, Toona sinensis, colored wood, birch and poplar are mostly used to make drums. Because of the large drum surface, buffalo hide is mostly used for drums. The drum body is wrapped in two cowhide pieces with the same area, usually placed on a wooden frame and played with two drums. Drum has a deep and powerful voice, which is mainly used for instrumental ensemble, dance and opera accompaniment, and is also the main instrument in the gongs and drums team.

In ancient times, drums were mainly used for telling time, offering sacrifices, ceremonies or military affairs. As a time drum, also called "morning drum", it is often placed on the drum tower of the city. The drum on the Drum Tower in Beijing was made in the Qing Dynasty and was specially used for public time telling. The diameter of the drum surface is 1.5 meters, which was once known as the "king of drums". Every night, the bells and drums chime, and the deep drums spread all over the city. It was not until 19 15 that clocks and watches became cultural relics for people to watch. In the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, there is also a drum of the Qing Dynasty, with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a height of about 2 meters, which was only used by emperors in the past when they offered sacrifices to heaven.

Drums are made by two thick rafts. The center of the drum is pronounced low and deep, the sound is higher, and the closer it is to the edge, the more solid it is. Because the timbre of each circle is different from the center to the edge, these changes can be used to enrich its expressive force when playing. The gameplay includes clicking, double-clicking, slapping, boring, pressing, shaking and rolling. The drum surface of the drum is very large, and the volume can vary from very weak to very strong, and the strength varies greatly. Can play a great role in rendering emotions and atmosphere. The sound can be integrated with the band, which can strengthen the bass of the band. It can also be used solo or as an effect instrument to imitate thunder and guns.

Book drum: the drum body is flat and round, with covers on both sides. The drum surface is 22 cm in diameter and 8.5 cm in height. Pronunciation is low but loud. It is specially used to accompany the northern rap music "Drum Book" and other drum books, and is also suitable for folk art singing and drum book accompaniment in various places. Play a single arrow, the book drum is placed on the braided rope of the bamboo tube frame, about 90 cm high. The rapper holds a book board or pear slices in his left hand and beats the drum table with a drum arrow in his right hand.

Canon: Also known as nostalgia. 65438+ has been popular in southern Jiangsu since the beginning of the 6th century. It is oblate and the drum frame is made of hardwood such as colored wood. The middle is slightly higher and the edge gradually decreases. The diameter of the drum cavity is about 18 cm, and it is covered with cowhide on both sides and fastened with closely arranged drum nails. Drum pestle is made of mahogany or bamboo, and it is called a stick.

When playing, the player stands one side of the drum upright on his right knee, with one side of the drum facing forward, presses the upper edge of the drum with his right wrist to fix it, and simultaneously taps the drum pestle with his thumb, forefinger, middle finger and ring finger of his right hand. Hold the board with your left hand and clap your hands. It is used to accompany the instrumental ensemble Fan Shi Drum or Kunqu oratorio. Generally speaking, each beat is light and the rhythm is mastered.

War drum: similar in shape to big drum, but lower in body, so it is also called "flat drum". The pronunciation is lower than that of the drum, but it is very loud. Used for religious music in the past, the Lama Temple in Beijing, established in 1723, contains a flat drum with a diameter of about 1 m and a drum height of only 20 cm. Now it is mainly used in national instrumental ensemble, dance, lantern festival, acrobatic troupe and gongs and drums team.

Ban Gu: It is usually named after a person who plays clappers. It is also called "single skin" (one skin) and "bangu" (used to be used exclusively by theatrical troupes). It is a conducting instrument in China traditional opera band. As early as the Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~ 907), it was used in Le Qing, then called Jiegu.

Ban Gu has a unique structure and crisp timbre. With the development of opera art in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Handed down from generation to generation, it is widely used in Kunqu Opera, Peking Opera, Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Han Opera, Henan Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Shandong Bangzi, Shaanxi Bangzi, Shandong Liu Zi and other local operas, or solo (such as Allegro Drum in South Jiangsu). In accompaniment or ensemble, it often occupies the position of conductor and lead singer. In Beijing opera music, all the characters' appearances, roles' vocals and plot changes are not only performed with various percussion postures and sounds, but also combined with clappers to beat the vocal rhythm, which adds flowers to the performance of gongs and drums and sets off the stage atmosphere and characters' images.

Bangu is a short drum. The drum body is made of hardwood, such as colored wood, birch, locust tree, Sang Mu, beech or teak. It is made of five planks. The drum body is 25cm in diameter, but most of them are wooden boards. The drumhead vibrates only 5 ~ 10cm in the middle. The drum hole is splayed, and the drum edge is 9.5 cm high. The drum skin is made of cowhide, and it is tightened on the whole board to the bottom edge. The protruding part of the skin, also called "drum light", is the part of percussion pronunciation. The pronunciation of the drum depends on the size of the drum hole and the tightness of the skin. In order to keep the tension of the drum skin, more nails are nailed on the drum and iron rings are tied at the bottom.

Due to the different kinds of operas, banjo is divided into big drum room, middle drum room and small drum room in terms of specifications. Small-caliber banjo and drum, with a middle diameter of only 5 cm, a middle height of 1 1.5 cm and a lower diameter of 23.5 cm, are mainly used to accompany local operas such as Beijing Opera and instrumental ensembles, and have a wide range of applications. Large-caliber drum, with a middle diameter of 65,438+00 cm, a middle height of 65,438+065,438+0 cm, and a lower drum mouth diameter of 24.5 cm, has a wide, bright and vigorous pronunciation, and is suitable for southern Fan Shi drums, and can solo fast drum segments. The diameter of the middle chamber is 8 cm, the height is 1 1.2 cm, and the diameter of the lower drum mouth is 24 cm. Its pronunciation is between the big and small tunes, and it is mostly used to accompany Yue Opera, local operas in northern Shaanxi and Shaanxi and instrumental ensembles.

When playing banjo, the drum is hung on the wooden frame and struck with two rattan or bamboo drum arrows, which not only makes the sound of the drum center and the drum side different, but also makes the sound different because of the use of point arrows (hitting the drum surface with drum arrows) or full arrows (hitting the drum surface horizontally with drum arrows).

Paigu: a new variety of drum instruments in China. After liberation, Chinese musical instrument workers and musicians summed up the technical experience of drum instruments at home and abroad, and reformed them according to the medium-sized hall drums and waist drums widely used by the people. Beautiful in shape and rich in timbre, it has become an important instrument in national bands and is widely used in instrumental ensemble, local opera and song and dance accompaniment. Drum sets, which are often seen in some dance halls, are also called drum rows.

The arrangement of drums generally consists of five drums with different sizes and pronunciations. Each drum has the same outer diameter on both sides but different inner diameters, and can emit two different pitch sounds and 10 different sounds. Tuning equipment is installed on both sides of the drum, and the tuning range can generally reach four or five degrees, which can be tuned according to actual needs. The barrel body is fixed on a special barrel frame. The upper end of the drum frame is a U-shaped fork frame, the middle is a column made of a sleeve, and the lower end is a tripod. The column can be extended and retracted up and down, so that the drum body can be lifted and down according to the needs of the player. The drum body is installed on the fork frame, which is convenient to turn over and select the pitch. When playing, drums are usually arranged in zigzag, figure-eight, semicircle or arc. The drum head can be tilted 15 ~ 45 degrees, which can be used for vertical stroke, sitting stroke, side stroke or oblique stroke, and can be used for slap stroke, round stroke and horizontal stroke.

Paigu sounds fierce and jumping, the bass is generous and majestic, and the treble is solid and powerful, which not only maintains the drum style, but also has the characteristics of roundness and lyricism. Because of its different pitch, timbre and light and heavy changes, it is most suitable for large-scale national bands and drum solos, and it is a color instrument. Besides being used in groups, timbre and performance can also be selected according to different needs, and can be extracted separately for local operas and instrumental ensembles. Good at expressing warm and festive feelings, rich and colorful sound effects.

Qin drum: a fishing drum that can play melody. It was developed by the Amateur Research Group of National Bamboo Wind Instruments in Chengdu, inspired by Zhu Qin, an accompaniment instrument of Sichuan folk music. It consists of 65,438+06 bamboo tubes (or plastic paper strips) with different lengths. Each bamboo tube is covered with cowhide or sheepskin and fixed on the upper mouth of the bamboo tube through a bamboo skin fixing ring. Bamboo tubes are arranged in two rows on the wooden piano frame. When playing, the player holds a bamboo piano arrow in each hand and makes (D ~ F 1) 16 sounds. The timbre is soft, clear and bright, which can be used for instrumental ensemble or accompaniment, or for solo music.

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Western drum

There are drums, tambourines, timpani drums, conga drums, bongo drums and jazz drums.

Kangjiagu

Snare drum Jr. (also known as snare drum Jr., heavy drum) is a percussion instrument with heavy strings on the drum surface. Often appear in military bands, orchestras, wind bands and so on. , recorded with a line or bass spectrum.

A timpani is a percussion instrument. The timpani is the cornerstone of a wind band or symphony orchestra.

Kanga drum is a percussion instrument. It is usually a drum with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of about one meter. Usually in pairs.

Bongo drum is a kind of drum. Most of them are in groups of two, with a diameter and height of about 30 cm. Often used in Latin music.

Jazz drum, also known as drum set, is a kind of. This instrument combines many percussion instruments and is played by one person.