Definition of transactional financial assets;
According to the Accounting Standards for Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments, financial assets or financial liabilities shall be classified as trading financial assets or financial liabilities if they meet one of the following conditions:
(1) The main purpose of obtaining this financial asset is to sell or repurchase it in the near future. For example, the purchased stocks to be held in the short term can be used as trading financial assets.
(2) It is a part of the identifiable financial instrument portfolio under centralized management, and there is objective evidence that the enterprise recently managed the portfolio through short-term profit. If a fund company purchases a batch of stocks for the purpose of making short-term profits, the portfolio stocks shall be regarded as trading financial assets.
(3) It is a derivative instrument. In other words, under normal circumstances, the purchased derivatives such as futures should be used as trading financial assets, because the purpose of derivatives is trading. However, derivatives designated as effective hedging instruments, derivatives belonging to financial guarantee contracts and derivatives linked to equity instruments that are not quoted in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured and must be settled by delivering equity instruments are excluded, because they cannot be traded at any time.
Main accounting treatment of transactional financial assets
(1) When an enterprise obtains a trading financial asset, it debits the account (cost) according to the fair value of the trading financial asset, debits the account of "investment income" according to the transaction cost incurred, debits the account of "dividend receivable or interest receivable" according to the actual amount paid, and credits the account of "bank deposit".
(2) The cash dividend or bond interest declared by the investment unit during the holding of trading financial assets shall be debited to the subject of "dividend receivable (or interest receivable)" and credited to the subject of "investment income". (When receiving cash dividends or interest, debit "bank deposit" and credit "dividends or interest receivable")
(3) On the balance sheet date, the difference between the fair value of trading financial assets and its book balance shall be debited to this account (changes in fair value) and credited to the account of "gains and losses from changes in fair value"; If the fair value is lower than its book balance, make the opposite accounting entry.
(4) When selling trading financial assets, the account of "bank deposit" should be debited according to the actual amount received, the account of "cost" should be credited according to the cost of trading financial assets, the account of "fair value change" should be credited or debited, and the account of "investment income" should be credited or debited according to the difference. At the same time, according to the fair value changes of trading financial assets, debit or credit "gains and losses from changes in fair value" and credit or debit "investment income".