About "standards-based instructional design mainly includes" as follows:

Determine teaching goals: First, you need to clarify what the goals of the course or unit are. This will typically involve an in-depth understanding and analysis of the course or unit content, as well as an understanding of student needs and backgrounds. Teaching objectives should be clear, specific, measurable, and consistent with curriculum standards and evaluation criteria.

Analyze learning content: Conduct a detailed analysis of the content to be learned, including knowledge points, skill points and the connections between them. This helps you understand students' cognitive characteristics and patterns and clarify the key points and difficulties of teaching.

Determine evaluation criteria: Based on teaching objectives and content analysis, you need to develop clear and specific evaluation criteria to measure student learning outcomes. These standards should be consistent with course standards and instructional objectives and enable quantification of student performance.

Design teaching activities: Based on the teaching objectives, learning content and evaluation criteria, you need to design a series of teaching activities. These activities should be targeted, interactive and interesting, able to attract students' attention and stimulate their interest in learning. At the same time, the design of activities should also take into account the individual differences of students to ensure that each student can develop and improve during the activities.

Develop teaching strategies: Based on students’ learning styles and characteristics, you need to develop corresponding teaching strategies. This may include different teaching methods, teaching media, teaching sequences, etc. Effective strategies can help students better understand and master learning content.

Develop teaching resources: To support the implementation of teaching activities and strategies, you need to develop or select appropriate teaching resources. This may include textbooks, reference books, software tools, multimedia materials, etc. Reasonable use of teaching resources can help students better understand and apply learning content.

Implement the teaching plan: Implement the teaching plan according to the designed teaching activities and strategies. During the teaching process, you need to pay close attention to students' reactions and needs, and adjust teaching strategies and methods according to the actual situation.

Evaluate and reflect on teaching: After teaching, you need to evaluate students' learning outcomes based on pre-established evaluation criteria. At the same time, you also need to reflect on and summarize your own teaching process to continuously improve your teaching level and effectiveness.