With the fluctuation of crude oil price, energy security is becoming more and more important. 1October 2 1 day, the price of new york crude oil futures rose to an all-time high of $99.29 per barrel in Asian electronic trading, only 7 1 cent away from 100. 165438+1On October 23rd, the futures price of light crude oil for June 2008 in the New York Mercantile Exchange closed at 98. 18 USD per barrel, a record closing price. This year, the international crude oil price was first suppressed and then raised. At the beginning of the year, the decline at the end of last year was continued, and the lowest price of the New York Mercantile Exchange light crude oil futures fell to about $50 per barrel at 5438+ 10 in June. But then the international oil price went up all the way. The rise in oil prices has brought obvious negative effects to the world economy, which has aroused widespread concern. From September 27th to 28th, the conference on energy security and climate change in major economies was held in DC. Global Warming Threatens Mankind Bali Conference * * * Countermeasures Climate warming will seriously affect the living environment of mankind. On February 3rd, 65438, the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Bali, Indonesia. Representatives from more than 80 countries and regions, as well as representatives from many intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations attended the conference. This meeting is an important meeting to deal with climate change in human history. The meeting focused on the measures to deal with climate change after 20 12, especially the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets that developed countries should further undertake. On June 5438+05, the General Assembly finally adopted the "Bali Road Map" and decided to negotiate on new arrangements to deal with climate change before the end of 2009, setting a clear agenda for key issues. Natural disasters caused by global climate change are becoming more and more serious. Climate has attracted more and more attention from the international community, and it is also an important topic in many international conferences in 2007, such as the World Economic Forum, the EU Summit, the G8 Summit, the APEC Leaders' Informal Meeting and the United Nations General Assembly. Pakistan's changing situation, Bhutto's assassination 65438+On the evening of February 27th, Benazir Bhutto, former prime minister of Pakistan and leader of the People's Party, died after a suicide attack at a campaign rally in neighboring capital Islamabad, Rawalpindi, which made Pakistan's domestic political situation face a severe test again. This year is Pakistan's presidential election year, and political forces of various factions compete fiercely. 654381October 6, Musharraf won an overwhelming victory in the presidential election. 10 June 18, Bhutto returned to Karachi and was attacked by a suicide bombing that night. The death toll reached more than 140, and Bhutto escaped. 165438+1On the evening of October 3, Musharraf declared a national state of emergency and issued an interim constitutional order. 165438+1On October 28th, Musharraf resigned as the army chief of staff. 1October 29th, 165438+ Musharraf was sworn in as the new president, and on February 29th,15,65438 announced the lifting of the state of emergency and the cancellation of the temporary constitutional order. "Chang 'e I" successfully landed on the moon, and space exploration rose again. 10 year1On October 24th, China successfully launched the first lunar exploration satellite, Chang 'e-1. 165438+1On October 26th, China officially released the first moon image sent back by Chang 'e-1 satellite. The success of China's first lunar exploration project indicates that China has entered the ranks of countries with deep space exploration capability in the world. This is also the first time that a developing country has successfully launched a lunar exploration satellite. This year, the global space exploration boom is heating up again. The American space shuttles Endeavour, Atlantis and Discovery were launched one after another. On August 14, Ms. Barbara Morgan, an American teacher, opened the first "space class" on the space shuttle Endeavour by video. /kloc-in September of 0/4, the Japanese "Moon Goddess" lunar exploration satellite was launched. Russia, Germany, India, South Korea and so on. It is also proposed to send a probe to the moon. Human exploration of the moon has become a new bright spot in space exploration. The United States adjusts its Middle East policy. Palestinian-Israeli peace talks are difficult to restart in June 5438+ 10/0. US President Bush announced the adjustment of Iraq policy, including the US sending 2 1500 more troops to Iraq, demanding that the Iraqi authorities take on more responsibilities as soon as possible, and seeking the support of allies in the Middle East. However, the security situation in Iraq has not improved. On 9 June, a new round of bloody conflict broke out between Fatah and Hamas. On June 4th, 65438, Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority, announced the dismissal of Hamas leader Shana as Prime Minister. In June of 5438+05, Hamas completely occupied Gaza. The contradiction between Fatah and Hamas has escalated sharply, resulting in a situation of "one region and two governments". On August 14, four suicide car bomb attacks occurred in Nineveh province in northern Iraq, killing at least 400 people and injuring more than 300 others. Due to the armed problems of PKK, the friction between Turkey and Iraq has intensified. On September 27th, American soldiers patrolled in Baquba, Iraq. 165438+1October 26th, the International Conference on the Middle East was held in Annapolis, Maryland, USA. Subsequently, the Palestinian and Israeli sides resumed negotiations. The DPRK nuclear talks made a breakthrough and the situation on the Korean peninsula eased significantly. From February 8 to 13, the third phase of the fifth round of six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue was held in Beijing, and the six parties agreed to take a series of actions in parallel at the initial stage. On March 13, ElBaradei, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, was invited to visit North Korea. In July, North Korea closed the Yongbyon nuclear facility and accepted the supervision and verification of the International Atomic Energy Agency. On July 14, the IAEA verification mission arrived in Pyongyang. 654381October 3, the second phase of the sixth round of six-party talks ended in Beijing. Through the "second-stage action to implement the joint statement", North Korea promised to complete the disablement of Yongbyon nuclear facility and declare its nuclear program completely and accurately by the end of this year. /kloc-at the beginning of October, the disablement of North Korea's nuclear facilities officially began. North Korean leader Kim Jong Il and South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun held the second North-South summit in Pyongyang in June, 5438+00, and signed the Declaration on the Development of North-South Relations, Peace and Prosperity. 65438+February 1 day, US President George H.W. Bush sent a letter to North Korean leader Kim Jong Il for the first time. Intelligence denied that Iran was studying nuclear weapons. The us government insists on putting pressure on it. On February 3, representatives of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 visited Iran's nuclear facilities. Since the beginning of this year, the Iranian nuclear issue has been heating up. On March 24th, the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1747 on the Iranian nuclear issue, which increased the sanctions against Iran's nuclear and missile programs, and stressed that it would continue to seek a negotiated solution to the Iranian nuclear issue. 10/0 On October 25th, the United States announced that it would impose sanctions on more than 20 Iranian government agencies, banks and individuals, including the Iranian Ministry of National Defense. On the other hand, Iran has repeatedly reiterated its determination to defend its right to peaceful use of nuclear energy. On February 3, 65438, the US National Intelligence Agency issued the National Intelligence Assessment Report on Iran's Nuclear Issue, saying that Iran stopped its nuclear weapons program in 2003 and has not restarted its nuclear weapons program so far. The US government insists that Iran is still a threat, and the international community should continue to exert pressure to ensure that Iran cannot develop nuclear weapons. In April, New Century Financial Company, the second largest subprime mortgage company in the United States, went bankrupt, and the subprime mortgage crisis surfaced. Since then, a large number of subprime mortgage companies have declared bankruptcy. August 17, Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, traders are busy. Since August, the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States has worsened and spread to other financial markets. Some banks and funds involved in subprime loans or related businesses have suffered huge losses. Affected by the subprime mortgage crisis, the major stock markets in various regions of the world, as well as the bond markets related to subprime mortgage, have experienced strong shocks. Since then, many banks have raised their lending standards. Due to the serious phenomenon of market reluctance to lend, the problem of insufficient liquidity began to appear. In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, the central banks of major western economies have also taken various measures to deal with this crisis, such as injecting capital into the banking system, cutting interest rates or suspending interest rate hikes. The Federal Reserve announced three interest rate cuts in September, 10 and 12. It is generally believed that the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis is not over yet. Russia's powerful promotion of great power prestige and increasing friction with the West. On February 10, Russian President Vladimir Putin severely criticized the United States and NATO in Munich. On July 14, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an order to suspend the implementation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. 65438+February 65438+February, this decision was formally put into practice in response to the US anti-missile plan. In June 5438+10, the United States proposed to Poland and the Czech Republic to resume negotiations on the establishment of an anti-missile base. On August 2nd, Chilingarov, vice chairman of the Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament), led Russian expedition members to dive from the North Pole to the bottom of the Arctic Ocean more than 4,000 meters deep, and planted a Russian flag made of titanium alloy on the seabed. 12 10, Putin said that he "completely agreed" that first deputy prime minister Medvedev was elected as the next presidential candidate. 12 17, Putin made it clear that if Medvedev is elected president, he is prepared to become the prime minister of the government. In one day on February 25th, 65438, Russia launched missiles and satellites in three fields: land, sea and air. The Russian military said that the purpose is to maintain the deterrence of Russian strategic missile forces.