Industrial capital is accumulated and developed in the process of industrial and agricultural production. Simply put, it is to engage in industrial capital for the purpose of obtaining high economic profits.
Financial capital that exists for the purpose of financing, using money to make money, such as bank loans and securities transactions;
Question 2: What does industrial capital mean? What does commercial capital mean? What's the difference between them? Commercial capital: generally refers to the capital specialized in commodity trading (commodity working capital), and also includes the capital specialized in currency receipt, payment, exchange, registration and custody (currency working capital). It is a functional capital that plays a role in the circulation field, and it is the independence of circulation capital-commodity capital and monetary capital.
Industrial capital: capital is the value that brings surplus value by exploiting and hiring workers. It embodies the relationship between capitalist exploitation and hiring workers.
The biggest difference between industry and commerce: commercial goods are sold directly after being bought. Industrial products can only be sold after being processed into factory-specific goods. Accounting difference: the sales cost of business accounting is the purchase cost of goods, and the specific method is determined according to the company's own characteristics. Industrial accounting should calculate the cost of processing links, some direct costs can be directly included, and some indirect costs should be shared. The method of cost calculation is based on the needs of factory management and technological process.
Question 3: the difference between industrial capital, commercial capital and commodity capital;
1、
Industrial capital: the capital invested by capitalists in the material production sector, that is, the capital invested in industry, mining, agriculture, transportation and construction.
2. Commercial capital: it is a functional capital that plays an independent role in the circulation field, an independent capital form separated from industrial capital, and a capital that specializes in commodity trading for the purpose of grabbing commercial profits.
3. What is commodity capital? Marx pointed out: "As a functional existence form of direct production in the production process itself, commodities have become commodity capital." In other words, the goods produced by direct production process and containing surplus value are commodity capital.
Differences and relations among industrial capital, commercial capital and commodity capital;
In a word:
Commercial capital is a functional capital that plays a role in the circulation of capital society, and it is an independent functional capital form separated from the commodity capital function of industrial capital.
1) Industrial capital takes three functional forms: monetary capital, production capital and commodity capital.
In other words, commodity capital is just one of the functional forms of industrial capital.
2) Commercial capital is separated from industrial capital, and it is a form of functional capital specialized in commodity trading for the purpose of obtaining commercial profits.
Question 4: What is the difference between industrial capital and commercial capital? This is discussed in the general formula of capital movement in Marxist political economy.
Industrial capital is the capital invested by capitalists in the material production sector, that is, the capital invested in industry, mining, agriculture, transportation and construction;
Commercial capital is a functional capital that plays an independent role in the circulation field, an independent capital form separated from industrial capital, and a capital that specializes in commodity sales for the purpose of grabbing commercial profits.
Although merchant capital does not participate in the production of surplus value, it participates in the equalization of surplus value to average profit. Therefore, the general profit rate has meant that the part of the surplus value that belongs to merchant capital has been deducted, that is, the profit of industrial capital has been deducted.
Question 5: What are capital goods? Personal understanding: financial derivatives such as futures options and securities are all capital goods. However, according to the context, the capital goods in the sentence refer to some redeemable commercial paper.
Question 6: What is the nature and function of capitalist commercial capital?
There is no wind on the pool surface, and the mirror is not polished.
Looking at Dongting Lake in the distance, the mountains and rivers are green.
Question 7: What does it mean for commercial capital to enter the production field? Agriculture is an industry that uses the growth and development laws of animals and plants to obtain products through artificial cultivation. Agriculture belongs to the primary industry, and the science of studying agriculture is agronomy. The working object of agriculture is living animals and plants, and the products obtained are animals and plants themselves. Agriculture provides basic products for the construction and development of the national economy. Handicraft refers to the activities that rely on manual labor for industrial production and daily necessities production. On the basis of the differentiation of urban handicrafts, socialist industry and commerce produced the earliest bourgeois and proletarians, forming an employment relationship. Commercial capital enters the production field, businessmen become package buyers, and package buyers form capitalist handicraft workshops. Monetary land rent promotes the disintegration of rural natural economy and the development of rural capitalist production relations. Capitalist relations of production appeared in rural areas, rich peasants began to operate capitalist small-scale agricultural production, and some feudal lords began to operate agriculture and animal husbandry in a capitalist way. Handicraft and capitalist industry and commerce are somewhat different. Handicraft refers to small-scale production relying on manual labor and using simple tools. The biggest difference with capitalist industry and commerce is that it only refers to manual production, while capitalist industry and commerce includes contracts, production relations and trading relations.