Illegal fund raising:
According to the provisions of the Notice on Banning Illegal Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Business Activities, illegal fund-raising refers to the behavior that a unit or individual raises funds from the public by issuing stocks, bonds, lottery tickets, investment fund securities or other creditor's rights certificates without the approval of legal procedures, and promises to repay the principal and interest to investors in cash, in kind or in other ways within a certain period of time. In order to punish illegal fund-raising crimes such as illegally absorbing public deposits and fund-raising fraud, the Supreme People's Court, together with the CBRC and other relevant units, studied and formulated the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Illegal Fund-raising, which came into effect on 20114.
Illegal fund-raising is fund-raising without the approval of relevant departments according to law, including fund-raising without approval authority; The department with the power of examination and approval ultra vires to examine and approve fund-raising, that is, the fund-raiser does not have the qualification of fund-raising subject and promises to repay the principal and interest to the investor within a certain period of time. The form of debt service is mainly currency, but there are also physical and other forms; Raise funds from unspecified objects in society. The "unspecified object" here refers to the public, not a specific minority; Cover up the essence of illegal fund-raising in a legal form. Some leaders set up platforms for illegal fund-raisers, and some officials and government departments joined in the fun and even participated in the distribution of fertilizer. The two sides echoed each other and cooperated tacitly, and the money of the masses was cheated in the blink of an eye. Why can such a story be repeated again and again? Facing some officials and illegal fund-raising enterprises
Illegal fund-raising
"Chorus" is really hard to say that the latter must have dragged the former into the water, and it is hard to say that the former just "inadvertently" turned into a "live prop" and an "accessory". The public security and judicial organs severely crack down on illegal fund-raising activities according to law, and must not let these ambiguous "live props officials" go. As long as you participate in the "performance" of illegal fund-raising, you must bear the responsibility of party discipline and political discipline and legal responsibility, whether it is only the appearance fee or further operation.
Edit the fundraising features of this paragraph.
First, without the approval of the relevant departments according to law, including fund-raising without the approval of the approving authority; The department with the power of examination and approval ultra vires to approve fund-raising, that is, the fund-raiser does not have the qualification of fund-raising subject.
2. Promise to repay the principal and interest to investors within a certain period of time. In addition to monetary forms, there are also physical forms and other forms of debt service.
Third, raise funds from unspecified objects in society. The "unspecified object" here refers to the public, not a specific minority.
Fourth, cover up the essence of illegal fund-raising in a legal form. In order to cover up their illegal purposes, criminals often sign contracts with investors (victims) and pretend to be normal production and business activities in order to maximize their ultimate goal of defrauding funds.
Three new functions
Hebei 13 cases of suspected illegal fund-raising are all in the form of direct absorption of public deposits or fund-raising fraud, which can be roughly divided into four categories: creditor's rights, equity, commodity marketing and production and operation, with three new features:
First, there are various ways to raise funds illegally. Most criminals register legitimate companies or enterprises in response to national industrial policies and support.
Illegal fund-raising of nearly 3 billion yuan, former chairman of Donghua
The banner of new rural construction has changed from traditional planting and breeding to engineering projects, scientific and technological development, investment in shares, consumption rebates and other ways.
Second, a variety of criminal acts are intertwined. Criminals interweave illegal fund-raising with economic crimes such as pyramid schemes and contract fraud. They use pyramid schemes to brainwash fund-raisers, promise various preferential conditions and profit models, and then lure fund-raisers to set up sets at different levels. Generally, in the initial stage of fund-raising, criminals often take the initiative to "honor" the promise of return, defraud the trust, attract more people to join, and the scale of fund-raising is rapidly enlarged geometrically.
Third, illegal fund-raising propaganda at all costs, using the media to create momentum. Such as hiring celebrity endorsers, publishing exclusive articles in some media, and using reports to publicize the "performance" of illegal enterprises; Put some illegal fund-raising funds into public welfare undertakings or make donations; Hire salesmen to rush into the community to distribute leaflets and spread fund-raising information; Organize various activities, pay dividends in cash on the spot, let participants taste the sweetness first, and publicize the "appearance statement" for illegal fund-raising activities.
Edit the recognition method of this paragraph.
Illegal fund-raising has various forms, and its concealment and deception are getting stronger and stronger. How to identify and prevent illegal fund-raising, the relevant departments suggest:
First, recognize the nature and harm of illegal fund-raising, improve the ability to identify, and consciously resist all kinds of temptations. Firmly believe that "there will be no pie in the sky", calmly analyze the investment projects with "high return" and "get rich quickly" to avoid being deceived.
Two, the correct identification of illegal fund-raising activities, mainly depends on whether the subject qualification is legal, and whether the fund-raising activities it is engaged in are approved by the relevant authorities; Whether to raise funds from unspecified social objects; Whether to promise returns, illegal fund-raising behavior generally has the characteristics of promising a certain proportion of fund-raising returns; Whether to cover up the nature of illegal fund-raising in legal form.
Third, enhance the awareness of rational investment. High returns are often accompanied by high risks, and irregular economic activities contain great risks. Therefore, we must enhance the awareness of rational investment and protect our rights and interests according to law.
Fourth, enhance the awareness of participating in illegal fund-raising. Illegal fund-raising is illegal, and the funds and related interests invested by those who participate in illegal fund-raising are not protected by law. Therefore, when some units or individuals peddle high-interest deposits, stocks, bonds, funds and development projects with high return on investment, they must carefully identify and invest cautiously.
Edit the relevant classification of this paragraph.
According to the notice on further cracking down on illegal fund-raising activities (Yinfa [1999]
Carry out illegal fund-raising prevention work
No.289), "illegal fund-raising" can be summarized as:
(1) Absorb funds by issuing securities, membership cards or debt certificates.
It is common to issue or issue certificates of rights such as stocks, bonds, lottery tickets and investment funds in the name of futures trading and pawn, or illegally raise funds. Illegal fund-raising by claiming shares, participating in dividends, entrusting investment, entrusting financial management, etc. Illegal fund-raising through membership cards, membership cards, seat cards, discount cards, consumption cards, etc.
(2) Divide real estate, real estate and other assets into equal parts, and raise funds at high interest rate by selling their shares.
⊙ The latest change is: illegal fund-raising by selling its share and promising to sell it for leaseback, after-sale repurchase and regular rebate.
(3) Illegal fund-raising in the form of folk clubs.
⊙ Recent changes: using underground banks to raise funds.
(four) illegal fund-raising in the form of signing economic contracts such as commodity distribution.
⊙ Common ways are: selling and leaseback, repurchase and transfer, developing members, joining businesses and illegal fund-raising by "quick points method".
(5) Issuing lottery tickets or issuing them in disguised form to raise funds;
(six) illegal fund-raising in the form of pyramid schemes or secret series;
(7) illegal fund-raising in the form of orchard or manor development.
For example, illegal fund-raising in the name of planting, breeding, project development, manor development, ecological and environmental protection investment, etc.
(eight) the use of modern electronic network technology to build "electronic shops", "electronic department stores" and other "virtual" products to invest in entrusted operations, repurchase and other illegal fund-raising activities.
(nine) illegal fund-raising by setting up investment funds through the Internet;
(10) Illegal fund-raising in the form of "electronic gold investment".
The specific method of editing this paragraph
(1) promises high returns and fabricates the myth of "pie falling from the sky" and "getting rich overnight". Lure is the only way for all fraudsters to deceive the masses. In order to attract more people, criminals often promise investors high returns in the form of rewards and points rebates. In order to defraud more people to participate in fund-raising, illegal fund-raisers start by paying the principal and interest of early investors in full and on time, then rob Peter to pay Paul, and use the money of late fund-raisers to pay the principal and interest of early stage. After reaching a certain scale, they secretly transfer funds and abscond with the money.
(2) fabricating false projects or concluding trap contracts to deceive the masses into the quagmire step by step. The criminals defrauded the people of funds in the name of planting cactus, spirulina, aloe, pitaya, Cordyceps sinensis, breeding ants, black guinea pigs, sika deer and recycling poultry; Some attract public deposits in the name of developing so-called high-tech products; Some fabricate false projects such as afforestation and fund-raising to build houses to defraud the masses of "shares"; Some promise high fixed income and absorb public deposits through the way of store leaseback.
(3) Confuse the concept of investment and financial management, and let the masses lose their judgment in the face of dazzling new terms. Some criminals use new terms such as electronic gold, investment funds and online hype to confuse the masses and pretend to be new investment tools or financial products; Some use monopoly, agency, franchise chain, consumption value-added rebate, e-commerce and other new business methods to deceive people's investment.
(4) whitewash the peace, and use the legal coat or celebrity effect to defraud the people's trust. In order to put a legal cloak on criminal activities, criminals often set up companies, go through complete business licenses, tax registration and other procedures to cover up their illegal purposes, without actually operating or investing in projects. These companies increase publicity by renting office space in luxury office buildings and hiring celebrities to advertise.
Inter-provincial illegal fund-raising
Cheat the trust of the masses.
(5) Using the Internet to commit crimes and evade attacks through virtual space. Criminals rent overseas servers to set up websites or set up websites in different places, and generally use code names or screen names to develop their heads. Some also spread false information through websites, blogs, forums and other online platforms and instant messaging tools such as QQ and MSN to trick the masses into being fooled. Once checked, the website will be closed quickly, and the following lines will abscond with money in the name of not operating according to the rules. Before absconding, the so-called notice was issued, asking the offline personnel to remember their performance and promising to return the rebate in the future to stabilize the deceived people.
(6) expanding the victim groups by means of mental, personal coercion or family deception. Many illegal fund-raising participants are persuaded by relatives and friends with low risks and high returns. Criminals often use relatives, friends, fellow villagers and other relationships to lure them with high interest rates and illegally obtain funds. Under the mental brainwashing or physical coercion of the MLM organization, some MLM personnel who joined in order to complete or increase their political achievements did not hesitate to use family relations and geographical relations to attract relatives, friends, classmates or neighbors to join, and some even spared their parents, spouses and children, resulting in family relations turning against each other and causing human tragedies.
Main means
1, illegally issuing securities. The People's Bank of China's Implementation Plan on Rectifying Illegal Fund Raising, Approving the Establishment of Financial Institutions and Illegally Operating Financial Services (1July 29, 998) stipulates: "In accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations, enterprises must obtain the approval of the competent department of the State Council for raising funds by publicly issuing stocks and corporate bonds." At the same time, it is stipulated: "Without approval, it is not allowed to break through the issuance plan without authorization, and it is not allowed to set up or approve the issuance of unplanned bonds without authorization. Those who violate the regulations shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Corporate Bonds. " If the above "Implementation Plan" is strictly interpreted, at this stage, before the introduction of specific provisions, the operation of mortgage-backed security in China is likely to be identified by relevant departments as suspected of illegal fund-raising. For another example, after the "Notice on Investigating the Reorganization of Listed Companies to be Issued" 1998 issued by the CSRC on June 6 stipulated the rule of "reorganization before issuance", the act of establishing a company by issuing shares or similar shares was also suspected of illegal fund-raising.
2. Illegally issuing creditor's rights certificates to unspecified social objects. This is a common case of illegal fund-raising, mainly because illegal fund-raisers raise funds by issuing creditor's rights certificates to unspecified social objects and promising to pay high returns when due.
3. Illegal issuance of membership cards and membership cards. 1993 On April 22nd, the Notice of General Office of the State Council on Immediately Stopping Illegal Fund Raising by Issuing Membership Cards was issued. According to the law, all forms of membership card issuance are illegal fund-raising until 1998 1 1 was issued by the People's Bank of China and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.
Cases of illegal fund-raising in northern Anhui frequently generate high returns.
4, real estate, real estate and other assets are equally divided, and the right to dispose of shares is sold. The notice of the Ministry of Construction ((94) F.J.Z.Zi No.09) stipulates that the real estate property management department and the real estate development company issue the title certificate of one square meter, which violates the provisions of China's fund-raising laws and belongs to illegal fund-raising. 200 1 Article 12 of the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Housing Sales clearly stipulates: "Commercial housing should be sold in sets, not in pieces."
5. Illegal fund-raising in the form of non-governmental organizations. If a foundation, mutual aid agency, savings agency, rural disaster relief and poverty alleviation savings agency or "bidding agency" is established without legal approval, illegal fund-raising or disguised deposit absorption, etc. In this regard, China People's Bank's "Implementation Plan on Rectifying Arbitrary Fund Raising, Unauthorized Occupation of Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Business" has clearly defined the approval procedures and business license scope.
6. Illegal fund-raising in the form of signing economic contracts such as commodity distribution. For example, Henan Baihua Group illegally raised funds by signing a "chain marketing agreement" with the public, and for example, real estate developers illegally raised funds through the return of commercial housing sales.
7. Raise funds by issuing private lottery tickets or issuing lottery tickets in disguise. The Notice of the State Council on Strengthening the Management of Lottery Market (199165438+February 9) stipulates: "The power to issue lottery tickets is concentrated in the State Council. The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning and the relevant departments of the State Council shall submit the issuance plan and issuance method to the People's Bank of China six months in advance, and after being audited by the People's Bank, report it to the State Council for approval. " The Notice of the People's Bank of China on Strengthening the Management of Lottery Market (1999 65438+125 October) stipulates that the behavior of subordinates belongs to illegal fund-raising: "(1) Issuing lottery tickets in disguised form in the name of sales with prizes; (2) Private individuals issue and sell lottery tickets without authorization; (3) Issuing overseas lottery tickets in China; (4) Issuing lottery tickets by pyramid selling. "
8 pyramid schemes or secret series of illegal fund-raising. The Notice of the State Council on Prohibiting MLM Business Activities (Guo Fa [1998] 10) explicitly prohibits enterprises from adopting MLM business methods, and also explicitly prohibits the following disguised pyramid schemes: "(1) Transferring pyramid schemes from the public to the underground; (two) in the form of win-win system, computer network and framework marketing. ; (three) under the guise of monopoly, agency, franchise, direct sales, chain stores, online sales and other names to carry out disguised pyramid schemes; (four) membership cards, savings cards, lottery tickets, vocational training and other pyramid schemes or disguised pyramid schemes to defraud membership fees, franchise fees, license fees and training fees; (5) Other pyramid schemes and disguised pyramid schemes. " The State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security and the People's Bank of China issued the Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on MLM, disguised pyramid selling and other illegal business activities on February 17, 2000, which clearly identified several disguised pyramid selling behaviors as illegal business activities.
Illegal fund-raising by leather bag companies
9 illegal fund-raising in the form of orchard or manor development. Around 1998, illegal fund-raising in the name of developing "orchards" and "manors" appeared in some areas. For example, an orchard development company illegally raised funds by publicizing that "as long as it invests 7,800 yuan, there will be 50 years of private orchards and 33 longan trees". The General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Land Transfer and Prohibiting Land Speculation (Guo Ban Fa [1999] No.39), which explicitly prohibits illegal fund-raising through land development, and stipulates: "Land for agricultural and forestry development must be registered according to law, and the planning requirements and the limited conditions for transfer and subletting must be clearly defined. Without approval, it may not be divided, transferred or sublet. " China People's Bank's Notice on Strengthening the Credit Management of Agricultural and Forestry Development Projects and Prohibiting Illegal Fund Raising in the Name of Land Development and Land Transfer (Yinfa [1999] No.254) also has relevant prohibition provisions.
The above are several types of illegal fund-raising cases clearly summarized in the Notice of the People's Bank of China on Further Combating Illegal Fund-raising and Other Activities (Yinfa (1999) No.289).
1 1, education reserve. In the previous stage, a large number of private schools around the country adopted the education charging method of education reserve fund, that is, students (families) were required to pay a large sum of money at one time (10 ~ 300,000), which was called "education reserve fund". At the same time, the school promises that students do not need to pay other fees during their stay at school, and can return the paid "education reserve fund" in the original amount when they leave school. With the outbreak of cases in Panyu and Wuhan, Hunan, where huge educational reserve funds cannot be returned to parents, various localities have issued policies to prohibit private schools from collecting any form of educational reserve funds, such as document No.2 of Guangdong Education Department (1999). Prior to this, Article 9 of the "Regulations on Resolutely Stopping Arbitrary Charges in Primary and Secondary Schools" issued by the State Education Commission on May 3, 199 1 year stipulated: "Fund-raising for running schools should follow the principle of voluntariness, according to one's ability and benefiting the people, and be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the local people's government. Primary and secondary schools are not allowed to apportion fees to the masses and society themselves, nor are they allowed to charge students. " Article 37 of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education stipulates: "The items and standards for private schools to collect fees from educated people who receive academic education shall be formulated by the school, reported to the relevant departments for approval and publicity; The items and standards for charging other educatees shall be formulated by the school, reported to the relevant departments for the record and publicized. The fees charged by private schools should be mainly used for education and teaching activities and improving school conditions. " Therefore, private schools that collect education reserve funds from parents of students without the approval and publicity of relevant departments should be regarded as illegal fund-raising.
12. Local governments issue or issue local government creditor's rights in disguised form. Article 28 of the Budget Law clearly stipulates: "Unless otherwise stipulated by law and the State Council, local governments may not issue local government bonds". Therefore, the above-mentioned illegal fund-raising behavior is explicitly prohibited in the Implementation Plan for Remediation of Illegal Fund-raising, Illegal Approval of the Establishment of Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Business. 13, engaged in illegal fund-raising in the name of "investment promotion". The Emergency Notice of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on Investigating and Handling Illegal Fund-raising by Enterprises in the Name of Attracting Investment (Industrial and Commercial Enterprise Zi No.272 [1998]) stipulates that illegal fund-raising by enterprises in the name of attracting investment shall be resolutely investigated and dealt with, and it is stipulated that "the industrial and commercial administrations at all levels shall strictly check and approve the business scope of enterprises according to regulations, and shall not approve" attracting investment "and similar irregular terms."
Illegal securities
In order to expose the harm caused by illegal fund-raising to society and the people, guide the people to enhance their legal awareness, risk awareness and identification ability, effectively curb illegal fund-raising criminal activities and maintain social stability. At present, illegal securities activities mainly refer to illegal stock issuance and illegal securities business. Illegal issuance of shares refers to the public offering or disguised public offering of shares without the approval of the securities regulatory authorities. Unauthorized public offering of shares refers to the behavior of more than 200 shareholders who issue shares to unspecified objects or specific objects without the approval of the CSRC according to law. Disguised public offering of shares refers to public offering of shares by means of advertisements, announcements, telephone calls and letters. , or shareholders themselves or entrust others to publicly transfer shares to the society. Where shares are transferred to a specific object, the number of shareholders of the company shall not exceed 200 without the approval of China Securities Regulatory Commission. Violating this law is also issuing stocks in disguise. Illegal securities business refers to securities underwriting, brokerage (agency trading), securities investment consulting and other securities businesses engaged by institutions and individuals without the approval of the CSRC. The main manifestations of illegal securities activities are: deceiving the public to buy so-called original shares or various fund shares, and falsely claiming that these securities will be listed on domestic and foreign stock exchanges; Selling so-called original shares or fund shares; Without the approval of the CSRC, in the name of so-called investment consulting institutions, property rights brokerage companies, representative offices of foreign-invested enterprises in China or even property rights exchanges and stock exchanges, illegally selling or buying and selling shares of unlisted companies to the public; Using high returns as bait and securities investment as the name to defraud people of money.
The female boss in Lishui, Zhejiang illegally raised 700 million yuan.
The public can identify illegal securities activities from two aspects: first, they can identify the issuance methods of securities, whether they are equity (stocks), bonds or funds, and whether they adopt the above-mentioned public issuance methods. If this method is adopted, it depends on whether it is approved by the relevant state departments and whether it is illegal. Secondly, from the identification of intermediaries that issue securities, we can see whether intermediaries engaged in securities underwriting and trading agent activities have obtained the approval of the CSRC. If not, it can be judged as illegal securities business. According to the provisions of the Securities Law, stocks, corporate bonds and other securities that are publicly issued according to law shall be listed and traded on the legally established stock exchange or transferred in other securities trading places approved by the State Council. Those so-called "original stocks", "overseas listed stocks", "Jinhui Fund", "Swiss mutual fund" and "Golden Finger Fund" are all scams. Investors must have a sense of self-protection and never take chances.
Trusteeship afforestation
"Trusteeship afforestation" is a phenomenon in recent two or three years. Its basic operation mode is generally to obtain the right to use forest land and forest ownership through leasing, contracting or other means, and then transfer it to scattered investors in society, and then the investors entrust the forest land and trees to the company for operation. This business model of transfer custody is extremely risky. At present, some companies have exposed illegal behaviors in the course of business operation, which has caused great economic losses to investors. These "managed afforestation" companies mainly adopt the following deceptive means:
One is to put a legal coat on the company. Generally, the mode of "managed afforestation" is strongly promoted in response to the spirit of Document No.9 of the Central Committee, which is a new mode for the state to encourage social subjects to participate in forestry construction investment and deceive investors. The second is to win the trust of investors under the guise of forest right certificate. "Trusteeship Afforestation" company promised to hand over the forest right certificate printed by the State Forestry Administration to investors or help them to handle it after they bought the trees, so that investors could believe that the trees are real and their rights and interests are guaranteed, but this is not the case. The third is to exaggerate the growth of forest trees and the return on forestry investment. Most "managed afforestation" companies promise high return on investment or output in their propaganda, and even promote zero risk in investing in forestry. In fact, the growth of trees is influenced by many factors, such as natural conditions, variety selection, management measures, natural disasters and so on. In the publicity, the "managed afforestation" company concealed the risks it had to bear in investing in forestry from investors. The fourth is to promise to have a professional management team and mechanical equipment to take care of the trees purchased by investors. In fact, it is difficult to monitor whether this promise is fulfilled. Some companies have no so-called professional management team at all, and have not implemented normal afforestation and management measures, and the growth of trees is also very poor. The fifth is to publicize that forest harvesting is not controlled by cutting quota indicators. This is seriously inconsistent with the provisions of current laws and regulations. According to the Forest Law, rural residents must apply for a cutting license to cut trees in accordance with the area, number of trees, tree species, time limit and cutting method specified in the license, except for cutting scattered trees owned by individuals in private plots and in front of houses. Some "managed afforestation" companies use "whoever makes it" as an excuse, claiming that the parties want to cut it, but they are actually deceiving investors. 6. Dress up the company's business image and win the favor of investors: rent high-grade office buildings in important commercial areas as the company's business premises to create an image with operational strength; Claiming to have a group of experienced professional and technical managers to build professionalism; Set up various types of supervision committees, etc. , to reflect the investor's supervision over the company. Actually, it's part of the scam.
Wu Zhenhai, a representative of Shangqiu Municipal People's Congress in Henan Province, illegally raised 6 1 100 million yuan.
According to the Forest Law, the right to use timber forest, economic forest, firewood forest and their woodlands, the right to use woodlands where timber forest, economic forest and firewood forest are cut and burned, and the right to use other forests, trees and other woodlands specified by the State Council can be transferred according to law. In addition, the right to use other forests, trees and other woodlands may not be transferred. At present, the state has not formulated specific circulation measures, and some provinces have formulated local regulations, which can be circulated according to local regulations. The state respects the business objectives of forest operators and protects their legitimate rights and interests, but there are specific laws and policies on forest harvesting. According to the provisions of the Forest Law, it is strictly forbidden to cut down places of interest and historical sites in special-purpose forests, trees in revolutionary memorial sites and forests in nature reserves; In addition to rural residents cutting private plots and scattered trees owned by individuals in front of and behind houses, they must apply for a cutting license according to the provisions of the cutting license. According to the provisions of the Forest Law and its implementing regulations, an application for cutting trees needs to be submitted to the local competent forestry authorities at or above the county level, including the purpose, location, forest species, forest condition, area, accumulation, methods and renewal measures, and the competent forestry authorities at or above the county level shall examine and issue the forest cutting license within the approved cutting quota and annual timber production plan according to the statutory issuing authority.
Reward bait
The bait of illegal fund-raising is ever-changing, which is "high return". Although the crime of illegal fund-raising has been repeatedly attacked by judicial organs, such cases have occurred frequently in recent years, and even intensified in some places. In the follow-up investigation, the reporter found that at present, the crime of illegal fund-raising is showing four characteristics, which need attention and prevention from all parties. At present, many illegal fund-raising activities exist in some places. Take Liaoning as an example. Some people plant trees, some raise ants, some raise geese, some sell food on commission, some invest in port construction, some invest in oil development, and some invest in beer production lines. What these illegal fund-raising activities have in common is that they take "high returns" as bait, and they are highly concealed, disguised and deceptive through media advertisements and mutual encouragement by relatives and friends. This illegal and criminal activity is embodied in the following four characteristics:
First, it is more deceptive and deceptive. The suspect of illegal fund-raising not only has the status of legally registered company and legal representative, but also deliberately uses the national industrial policy and economic revitalization situation to cleverly disguise and strengthen speculation. Some also set up relevant national offices without authorization, and used the signboard of scientific research units to "raise flags and fight tiger skins".
Second, criminal organizations are more rigorous. At present, fund-raising fraud, the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits and illegal pyramid schemes tend to merge. The main planners set up several branches in the same area or different areas behind the scenes, or remotely command in different places, and then temporarily hired social idlers to "go offline" to publicize development. The person in charge of the branch is mostly the person who made a profit from the previous investment. The remuneration of major members shall be paid in proportion to the amount of funds raised. This level of fraud and control.
Third, the composition of investors continues to expand. The victims of fund-raising fraud cases are mostly laid-off workers in cities, workers who have bought out their working years, farmers in richer areas and social idlers. But there is a tendency to expand to college students, urban white-collar workers and individual entrepreneurs.
Fourth, crimes committed in different places are outstanding. Fund-raising fraud has the characteristics of cross-regional and even transnational crime, with fast capital flow and transfer, great influence and harm, which is not conducive to investigation.
Leadership props
Why do leading cadres become "live props" for illegal fund-raising? In the investigation, the public security organs found that some officials were sitting on the rostrum after some enterprises suspected of illegal fund-raising were established for a period of time. On the anniversary of the enterprise, some officials went to Kan Kan to talk. The walls of these corporate offices are covered with photos of officials and business owners, and the photos inspected by officials occupy the most conspicuous position in corporate brochure. There are various indications that there is an unusual interest relationship between these officials and enterprises that raise funds illegally. Xinhua News Agency published a commentary on "Leading Cadres Beware of Being Live Props for Illegal Fund-raising", arguing that "a few leading cadres have become live props and advertisements for illegal fund-raising, exposing many problems in their ideological style and work style". "Although the vast majority of leading cadres are live props for illegal fund-raising, their huge advertising effect is exactly what these fraudulent companies dream of, which objectively plays a great misleading role". It can be said that these officials who are closely related to illegal fund-raising enterprises are called "live props", which are not framed and belittled at all. Such "live props" are far from unique to Anhui and are often seen in other places. Moreover, some officials did not "inadvertently" act as "props" for illegal fund-raising enterprises-since they are local officials, they will not be easily deceived "imbeciles" in terms of their status, knowledge and ability to obtain information and use resources, so they will not be without reason. Their great misleading effect on the masses and society is often not only objective.