Urtica cannabinae L.
Alias: Huoma (name of seed plant), Huoma (Gansu), Halahai (Xiaoxing 'anling), Scorpion Grass and Cannabis Seed (Hebei)
Morphological characteristics: perennial herb with lateral lignification of rhizome. The height of the stem is 50- 150 cm, and the lower part is 1 cm, which is quadrangular.
Hairs usually close to spineless, sometimes sparsely, sparsely densely setose and slightly puberulent, with some branches. Blade profile five
Horny, palmately 3-lobed, sparsely deeply lobed, one of which is pinnately deeply lobed, becoming smaller from bottom to top, and the upper part is cracked.
Secondary blades usually have different numbers of split teeth or shallow serrations. The last secondary leaf on the outer edge of the lateral main leaf is often larger and flatter than the branches and leaves of hemp, with only sparse fine coarse hairs on it, and then gradually hairless, with pilose and sparse bristles on the veins below, as well as stalactites.
The body is thin and dense; Petiole 2-8 cm long, setose or puberulent; Stipules 4 per node, free and strip-shaped.
The shape is 5- 15 mm long and both sides are puberulent. Flowers monoecious, male inflorescence conical, born in the axil of lower leaves, 5-8 cm long.
M, spreading obliquely, usually mixed with female flowers in male inflorescences, with uppermost leaf axils; Female inflorescences are born in the axils of upper leaves, usually spicate, sometimes in
There are a few branches in the lower part, 2-7 cm long, and the sequence axis is thick, erect or oblique. Male flower pedicels are short, with a diameter of 65438 0.2-
1.5mm； Tepals 4, connate to middle, lobes ovate, puberulent outside; Degenerate pistil nearly bowl-shaped, about 0.2 long.
Mm, subsessile, pale yellow or white, transparent; The female inflorescence has a very short peduncle. Achene narrowly ovate, apex acute, slightly
Flat, 2-3 mm long, grayish brown when mature, with obvious or inconspicuous brownish red spots on the surface; Persistent tepals 4, in
The lower third is connate, nearly membranous, with two ovoids on the inner side, obtuse top, 2-4 mm long and spines on the outer side.
There are 1-4 hairs and fine coarse hairs, and the outer two ovoids or one oblong are 3-4 times shorter than the inner one, and the outer side often has 1 hairs.
Bristles The flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is 8-65438+1October.
source
The basic plant is hashish, which grows in temperate or tropical climate.
Character; Role; letter
Annual plants are single-stem herbs with obvious main roots; Perennial plants are like shrubs, mainly with branches and roots; The stem is erect, densely villous, palmately divided with compound leaves, alternate with long petioles, the lower leaves of the stem are opposite, the leaflets are 3-9, the needle-shaped apex is gradually pointed, the edge is coarsely serrated, and there are stalactites and glandular hairs on the upper and lower epidermis. Dioecious. The main component (THC) is abundant in leaves and female flowers. Cannabis preparation with dry resin secretion at the top of cannabis plant is called Hashish in the Middle East and North Africa and Charas in the Far East, which contains the highest concentration of cannabinol.
Abuse pattern
Smoke or pipe.
poison
When users begin to feel euphoric, the increase of dosage will cause laziness, confusion, disorientation, distortion of time and space, poor coordination of movements, and decline of memory, thinking ability, attention and judgment, which is called "lack of motivation". Physiologically, it will cause frequent pulse, sweating, conjunctival swelling, unstable walking, nystagmus and other effects. Strong cannabis preparations usually produce hallucinations and psychotic reactions. Smoking marijuana in schizophrenic patients will aggravate psychotic symptoms.
Marijuana is one of the most abused drugs in the world. Cannabis can be divided into drug type and fiber type. The cannabis abused by people is drug cannabis, which is mainly produced in Mexico, Central and South America, India and some African countries.
Smoking marijuana can lead to brain dysfunction, memory impairment and balance dysfunction.
The harm of marijuana abuse to society is that users can't fulfill their social responsibilities, which is easy to bring social problems and economic losses.
References:
What is marijuana?
Marijuana, commonly known as "hemp". It originated in India and was introduced to other countries. Its scientific name is Mary Warner. South Africans call it "Daga" and Mexicans call it "marijuana". Generally speaking, cannabis that can be made into drugs does not refer to all cannabis, but refers to the shorter and more branched varieties of Indian cannabis. This kind of hemp contains resin-hemp resin in the top of female flower branches, leaves, seeds and stems. Today, the main producing areas are Mexico and Colombia, as well as Jamaica and the United States. In China, the climate south of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang is dry and hot, and the hemp produced is also Indian hemp, which is now planted all over the country.
Cannabis resin can extract an oily, water-insoluble liquid called THC, which is composed of tetrahydrocannabinol. The higher its content, the more energetic the drug is; The other is a concentrate of cannabis, called hashish. The preparation method comprises soaking the plant raw materials in a solvent, filtering out the plant contents, and removing the solvent to obtain a resinous colloidal substance which is more toxic than hemp leaves. It is generally believed that cannabis contains about 0.5% ~ 0.6% tetrahydrocannabinol, while Indian cannabis contains as much as 25% ~ 60% tetrahydrocannabinol.
The use of marijuana was initially related to religious activities, followed by treatment. Drug addiction is later. As early as 4,000 years ago in China, there was a description of marijuana in Huangdi Neijing. In the 2nd century AD, Warren, a famous doctor in China, used marijuana as an anesthetic, which was also recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica.
In India, marijuana has long been used as medicine and smoked as marijuana. In the United States, since the first British immigrants came to settle in the United States, there has been Mary Warner. British immigrants used it to weave cloth, which was called marijuana at that time. /kloc-doctors in the 0 th and 9 th centuries planted marijuana in large quantities for its medical function. 1937 After the US Congress passed the law prohibiting Mary Warner, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared Mary Warner useless in medical treatment and withdrew from the medical market. In the next 25 years, Mary Warner was abused mainly in the black residential areas of the city, and the rest of the American public did not use it. In the 1960s, during the Vietnam War, thousands of college students, soldiers, "hippies" and anti-war activists began to smoke marijuana and grow their long hair as a symbol of their protest against the inhuman behavior of their government and their parents' values of advocating material enjoyment. Young people often hand each other a Mary Warner cigarette and take turns smoking. Smoking marijuana has become their "ceremony" against the government, society and parents. With the development of the anti-war movement, the trend of smoking marijuana is getting worse. Later, after the Vietnam War, the "hippie" movement disintegrated, but the trend of smoking marijuana still exists and continues to spread, almost permeating the whole American society and becoming the most widely abused drug in the United States. In 1970s, the abuse of cannabis spread to Europe, Oceania and even African countries. In recent years, some countries in Asia, such as the Philippines, Vietnam, South Korea, Singapore and other countries, have also widely smoked marijuana. In China, only in the cannabis producing area south of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, some people use cannabis to make hemp smoke. Although it was strictly forbidden after liberation, some people stole it.
The processed cannabis leaves and hashish resin turned into a brown cake with a pungent smell. One way to smoke is to mix it with tobacco after mashing, and smoke it like a cigarette. The other way is to directly apply refined sesame oil to cigarettes for smoking.
In addition, they can also be mixed in food, chewed with hemp leaves or inhaled with powder.
The teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic experiments of cannabis were positive. Long-term smoking marijuana will cause degenerative encephalopathy in the brain; Can induce toxic psychosis, such as insanity, paranoia and paranoid schizophrenia. The mental dependence of marijuana is certain. However, the physical dependence and tolerance of marijuana are still controversial.
The physiological effects of cannabis mainly include cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune response and EEG. Its tolerance is limited and relative, which is related to dose. Long-term marijuana users can have mild to moderate withdrawal reaction after stopping 10 hour, reaching the peak in 48 hours, and this process can last for 4 ~ 5 days. These reactions and symptoms include tremor, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, anorexia, sleep disorders and so on.
Long-term marijuana users have partially or completely lost their social and professional functions, and are addicted to marijuana or trying to obtain such substances. It can produce a kind of "unmotivated syndrome" or "complete apathy", which is characterized by indifference, sluggishness, laziness, emotional boredom, irritability, sleep cycle changes and so on. This has a great destructive effect on the physical and mental health of teenagers. Cannabis users will lose interest in personal appearance, hygiene and diet, and their personality will change, leading to "disintegration of personality", decreased enterprise, or complete loss of work, life and learning ability. Such people often commit crimes and attacks that endanger society.
Marijuana is the cheapest and most popular drug in the world today. Hemp is a tough and cold-resistant millet, which can grow in most temperate and tropical regions of the earth. However, most cannabis has no toxic ingredients. Generally speaking, cannabis that can make drugs refers to a short, hybrid and multi-branched variety of Indian cannabis. There is a resin called cannabis resin on the top, leaves, seeds and stems of this kind of cannabis, which can extract a lot of cannabis drugs.
Scientists have extracted more than 400 compounds from cannabis resin, one of which is called tetrahydrocannabinol, which is the main component acting on the nervous system. The higher the content of tetrahydrocannabinol, the stronger the effective components and the stronger the efficacy.
Cannabis used as medicine can be smoked, drunk, swallowed and even injected after being processed.
Cannabis grass can be smoked alone. Wrapped in cigarettes is called "firecrackers", or mashed, mixed with ordinary tobacco leaves, made into cigarettes and sold directly to drug addicts. This is "marijuana". One marijuana cigarette can generally satisfy five or six people.
The main method of fumigating sesame oil is pricking hole method. Punch a lot of holes in the yellow smoke with a needle in advance, then soak the paper in sesame oil and wrap it outside the smoke, and wrap two or three layers of cigarette paper outside to avoid the loss of sesame oil.
Cannabis derivatives made from hemp oil can be used for injection. This solution is particularly dangerous and toxic.
A small dose of marijuana will make you feel complacent. Drug addicts who are alone show drowsiness and relaxation. If there are several drug addicts together, they will giggle and sing silly songs for no reason. This kind of drug addicts have impaired memory, and it is difficult to do comprehensive activities that rely on intelligence. There is an illusion about time and space, and I feel that time passes slowly. It was only a few minutes, but I thought it was a few hours. Their balance function is also disturbed. Because of the relaxation of muscle tension, they become unstable and their hands will tremble involuntarily.
If drug addicts inhale large doses of marijuana, they will have toxic psychosis, hallucinations, delusions and paranoia, accompanied by thinking disorders, self-awareness disorders and dual personality. People who smoke marijuana for a long time show slow response, indifference, inattention, poor memory and impaired judgment. Occasionally there will be unprovoked attacks. With the delay of drug abuse, personal hygiene is neglected, poor diet, distorted personality, lack of interest in anything, showing a state of mental decline.
Hemp is produced in the warm or tropical regions of the earth, especially millet. The leaves, bracts and flowers of cannabis prohibited by law contain a compound called tetrahydrocannabinol. Hemp containing this tetrahydrocannabinol is mainly produced in India, Morocco and other places. Today, most drugs in the world, marijuana, grow in Mexico and Colombia. Long-term use of marijuana will cause mental and physical changes, such as irritability, decreased judgment and memory, decreased working ability, delusion, hallucination, slow response to light, unclear speech and dementia, decreased immunity and resistance, distorted judgment of time and distance, and decreased ability to control balance. It is easy to cause accidents in driving and complicated technical operation.
Classification: Urtica-Urticaceae-Urtica.