Song Ling, director of the Information Promotion Department of the Ministry of Information Industry of China, said that the realization of urban informatization is the first and necessary condition for China to integrate into the wave of globalization. China has developed a comparative system to measure the level of informatization. It was released after being discussed and approved by the leading group of informatization in the State Council.
The Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Science and Technology and other ministries and commissions will start the "Digital City Demonstration Project" during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the state is prepared to invest 500 million yuan (4 billion yuan each for local and enterprises) during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period to establish 5- 10 urban digital demonstration projects with comprehensive applications and 20-30 urban industrial applications; Digital demonstration projects of 30-40 communities and enterprises; 2-3 high-tech enterprises with cross-provincial industrial applications and 20-30 data processing and system integration.
Different from the concept of "digital earth" which was just a hype two years ago, "digital province" and "digital city" began to enter the substantive start-up stage. In order to actively and effectively promote the development of China's "digital earth" strategy, this paper focuses on the basic concept and implementation strategy of "digital city", and the related "digital province", "digital industry" and "digital community" can also be used as reference. Digital city is still a concept. It is a part of "Digital Earth", which can be regarded as a system engineering or development strategy, but not as a project or system. It may include many systems, but it is difficult to define accurately and what belongs to a digital city. What kind of informatization level can be regarded as the realization of digital city. But it is not an empty thing, nor is it unattainable. It is a "system" that can be seen everywhere and used anytime and anywhere in future urban construction and urban life. "Digital city" is a strategic goal of urban development, which has a gradual development process and will gradually bring benefits and convenience to urban construction, citizen life and economic development.
It is difficult to define the goal of "digital city" accurately. Perhaps it can be said that when the "digital city" is completed, it is the time when what we usually call urban "social informatization" is realized. Its strategic goal is to realize the integration of all kinds of urban data, make it easy to enjoy and use, and enable Chinese government departments, enterprises, communities and individuals to conduct online office, online information search, online learning, online work and online leisure conveniently and effectively. ...
"Digital city" has three main foundations. The first item is information infrastructure, including high-speed broadband network, supported computer service system and network switching system. In other words, the primary task of "digital city" is to solve the problem of "building roads". However, roads alone are not enough, and there must be a second foundation-data, especially "spatial data". According to statistics, 80% of the information of human life and production is related to spatial location. The basic concept of "digital earth" is to integrate and display all kinds of data on the framework of geographical space, and digital maps and digital images are the basic framework of "digital city". Why should we call it a "digital city" instead of a "network city"? Network city can only explain how many optical cables have been laid, but can't measure the information level of the city. In addition to broadband network mileage, another important indicator to measure a "digital city" is the amount of data, especially the amount of various basic spatial data. The third foundation of "digital city" is people, who manage and use "digital city". Corresponding to the management of our "real city", the management of "digital city" should gradually establish corresponding institutions and norms, constantly build, update, maintain and upgrade network systems and data, and coordinate user access. In addition to the people who manage the "digital city", it is also an important basic work to train people who use the "digital city". Building a "digital city" without anyone using it is a waste and will not produce social and economic benefits. Only thousands of enterprises, millions and tens of millions of citizens can make use of the "digital city" to generate huge social and economic benefits and promote the rapid development of the national economy. A few years ago, the rapid development of the world economy benefited from the software and hardware technology of the IT industry, and an important growth point of the national economy in the future will depend on the "information service" industry.
Many cities in our country have been laying optical cables in a big way, and many departments in some cities are also establishing GIS. Why should we highlight the concept of "digital city"? In my opinion, in addition to taking "digital city" as an overall strategic goal of urban informatization, another important aspect is to realize the enjoyment of network and data. Due to historical development, telephone network, cable TV network and Internet network have been laid in the city, which actually caused waste. What we need to do now is the integration of the three networks, or interoperability, to realize the enjoyment of hardware resources and create conditions for the enjoyment of information. Another important task of "digital city" is to share data and connect and interoperate between systems. The enjoyment of information involves two aspects, one is policy or administrative factors. How to give full play to government functions, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, and make data production management departments provide data for "digital cities" in time. Another important aspect of information enjoyment is the technical factor. How to ensure the standardization and effectiveness of production data and how to realize the interconnection of various systems in a "digital city" are the key technical problems to realize a digital city, which will be discussed in detail in the fourth part.
"Digital city" actually has many levels. At present, the projects initiated by many cities are mainly limited to government management departments. "Digital city" serves the management decision of "real city", which is an important function and can be said to be a major function in the near future. But even this would not be enough We should also consider three levels: enterprise, community and individual. The core of the future "digital city" may be enterprises, communities and traditional enterprises. Through information transformation and upgrading, a large number of new information service enterprises have emerged, forming a new economic growth point in the city. Community is the link between government and individuals, and it is also the key to urban civilization and modernization. In the construction of community spiritual civilization, "digital community" will play an important role. Individuals are the main body of information service and social consumption. When building a "digital city", we must list some projects to guide individual information consumption. The annual output value of paper traffic tourist maps in China is billions, and the price of a map website in the United States is $654.38+0.2 billion. With the growth of private cars in China, the information consumption of transportation and tourism alone may reach tens of billions of RMB. Although "digital city" contains more than one system, it still belongs to a system cluster supported by computers and networks in a broad sense. Therefore, it has the basic characteristics of computer information system. It has a relatively strict logical structure. "Digital city" involves a lot of multimedia data such as graphics, images and videos, and the amount of data is very large. The internet is not competent now, so broadband network must be used. Urban broadband network technology has developed rapidly. It is reported that domestic cities have begun to establish broadband networks with a speed of 10G per second. This broadband network can meet the needs of a "digital city". But we should pay special attention to the interconnection and interface of the network. China's urban broadband network construction may be dominated by enterprises. After the liberalization of China Telecom, some powerful enterprises have focused on the construction of urban broadband networks, which is a good thing to form a competitive situation. However, it may be that the communication cables of many companies in the United States are connected to a community, and users in the community can choose any telephone or Internet. If the coordination is good, it is no problem, but if the coordination is not good, it will not only waste cable resources, but also be close to each other, not connected, or connected through "far" paths, causing a lot of inconvenience. Therefore, to build a "digital city", we must first coordinate the network construction planning with the problem of efficient connectivity, and cannot create a situation of mutual separation.
Data sharing is the core problem to be solved in the construction of "digital city". In addition to the problems of policy and administrative coordination, there are still many technical problems to be solved. Data * * * enjoys many methods, among which the simplest method is to establish different systems by different departments through data conversion. When data integration or comprehensive application is to be carried out, the data should be converted into the internal data format of the system before application. China has promulgated the "Geospatial Data Exchange Format Standard", which can be used for effective data conversion. However, this data sharing method is low-level, and it is indirect delayed sharing, not direct real-time sharing. The establishment of "digital city" should pursue direct and real-time data sharing, that is, users can call in the data of various systems of "digital city" at will to query and analyze, and realize the interoperability between different data types and different systems. Of course, this is a very difficult subject. Open GIS, launched by the OGC alliance of the United States, has begun to explore this aspect. The International Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Association has established a working group on "Confederate Database and Interoperability", with the purpose of coordinating international discussions and research in this field. As the head of this working group, the author of this paper is organizing a seminar on "Federated Database and Interoperability". Interested scholars are welcome to join and participate in this working group.
One of the foundations of "digital city" is geospatial data, which provides an opportunity for the visualization of spatial data to show the colorful real world. The spatial data of "digital city" includes two-dimensional data and three-dimensional data. The visualization of two-dimensional data has been basically solved, and the remaining problems belong to the category of artistic processing. Visualization of 3D data or virtual reality technology is still a difficult point at present. How to display our "digital city" efficiently and realistically is a problem that we need to solve as soon as possible.
Thanks to the hyperlink technology of the World Wide Web, the Internet links websites all over the world through IP addresses, which makes us ignore the spatial distance. "Digital City" will have many systems or websites in the future, which need hyperlinks. The problem of hypertext link is solved from hardware technology and network protocol, but "digital city" involves data such as graphics and images, which is far less simple than hypertext link. Many technologies mentioned above need to be involved here, especially interoperability technology. At present, we have carried out a series of research work, and the realization of hyperlinks between "digital cities" systems is not far off.
Content of digital city:
1. Digitization of urban facilities
On the basis of unified standards and norms, realize the digitalization of facilities, including: urban infrastructure-building facilities, pipeline facilities and environmental facilities; Transportation facilities-ground transportation, underground transportation and air transportation; Financial industry-banking, insurance and foreign exchange; Culture, education and health-education, scientific research, medical care, museums, science and technology museums, sports grounds, gymnasiums, places of interest; Safety-fire protection, public order and environmental protection; Government management-governments at all levels, customs and taxation, household registration management, real estate; Urban planning and management-background data (geology, geomorphology, meteorology, hydrology and natural disasters, etc. ), urban monitoring and urban planning.
2. Urban network
Three-network connection: telephone network, cable TV network, internet, three-network interconnection; Connect the distributed database and information system through the network to establish an interoperable platform; Establish data warehouse and exchange center, data processing platform, multi-data fusion and three-dimensional expression, founder and virtual technology data sharing platform.
3. Urban intelligence
Urban intelligence includes:
E-commerce: online trade, virtual mall, online market management;
E-finance: online banking, online stock market, online futures and online insurance;
Network education: virtual classroom, virtual experiment, virtual library;
Online hospital: Online health consultation, online consultation and online nursing;
Online government affairs: online meetings, etc.
Application of digital city: The wide application of digital city has greatly promoted and promoted the prosperity, stability and sustainable development of the city.