Securities are all kinds of economic rights and interests certificates, and also refer to specialized products. It is a legal document used to prove that the holder enjoys certain rights.

Mainly including capital security, currency securities and commodity securities. In a narrow sense, securities mainly refer to securities products in the securities market, including property market products such as stocks, debt market products such as bonds, and derivative market products such as stock futures, options and interest rate futures.

Extended data:

The basic characteristics of securities:

1. Securities are property rights.

Securities are documents of rights with property value. In modern society, people are not satisfied with the direct possession, use, income and disposal of wealth, but pay more attention to the ultimate domination and control of wealth, and securities, a new form of property, came into being.

Holding securities means that the holder has control over the property represented by securities, but this control is not direct control but indirect control.

For example, if a shareholder holds shares in a company, he/she will have control over the company's property according to the proportion of his/her shares in the total issued shares of the company. However, he/she cannot claim the right to directly possess, use, benefit and dispose of the property of a specific company, but can only enjoy the owner's right to benefit from the assets, the right to make major decisions and the right to choose managers in proportion.

In this sense, securities are the product of capital accumulation with the help of market economy and social credit development, and securities rights show the nature of property rights.

2. Securities are negotiable certificates of rights.

The vitality of securities lies in their liquidity. Traditional civil rights always face many obstacles when they are transferred. As far as civil property rights are concerned, it is unnecessary in nature because it does not involve personality and identity, but its transfer is a complex civil act.

For example, due to the civil rule of "relativity of creditor's rights", creditor's rights can be transferred as a form of property, but the creditor must inform the debtor when transferring the creditor's rights. This kind of transfer involving the interests of the three parties is inconvenient and fast because of the adjustment of legal norms.

However, once civil rights are securitized and property rights are divided into several shares of the same quality, creating a kind of "commodity with uniform specifications", then this kind of property transfer is no longer limited to the transfer between the transferor and the transferee according to the agreement, but is carried out in a wider range with higher frequency, even through the open market, thus forming a highly developed property transfer system.

Securities can be transferred many times to form circulation, and its function of avoiding risks can be realized by converting them into money. The liquidity of securities is the basis for the smooth development of the securities system.

3. Securities are the evidence of income right.

The ultimate goal of securities holders is to obtain income, which is the direct motivation of securities holders to invest in securities. On the one hand, securities itself is a kind of property right, which embodies a specific property right. Securities holders can obtain benefits by exercising this property right, such as dividend income (stocks) or interest income (bonds);

On the other hand, the holders of securities can gain income by transferring securities, such as buying at a low price and selling at a high price in the secondary market, and they can gain income through the price difference, especially speculative income.

4. Securities are risky certificates of rights.

The risk of securities is that investors may not get expected returns or even losses because of changes in the securities market or issuers. The risk and return of securities investment are related. In the actual market, any securities investment activities are risky, and there is no investment that completely avoids risks.

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