Stocks adopt the rule of T+1, which means that if you buy it on the same day, you can sell it the day after tomorrow!!!

T+0 means if you buy it on the same day, you can sell it on the same day

< p>The official name of A shares is RMB ordinary shares. It is a common stock issued by domestic companies in China for domestic institutions, organizations or individuals (excluding investors from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) to subscribe and trade in RMB. After several years of rapid development, my country's A-share stock market has Taking shape.

.The official name of B shares is RMB special stocks. It has a nominal value in RMB, is subscribed and traded in foreign currencies, and is listed and traded on domestic (Shanghai, Shenzhen) stock exchanges. Its investors are limited to: foreign natural persons, legal persons and other organizations, natural persons, legal persons and other organizations in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, Chinese citizens who have settled abroad, and other investors specified by the China Securities Regulatory Commission. At this stage, investors in B shares are mainly institutional investors in the above categories. B-share companies are registered and listed in China, but their investors are overseas or in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

The difference between the two is that A shares and B shares have different pricing and issuance targets. Domestic investors obviously do not have the conditions to speculate on B shares and H shares. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the B shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange are priced in US dollars, while the B shares listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange are priced in Hong Kong dollars, so the stock prices in the two cities are quite different. If you convert US dollars and Hong Kong dollars into RMB, you will know that the stock prices in the two places are roughly the same. consistent. Classification of stocks using letter names is not very standardized. According to the requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, stock abbreviations must be unified and standardized. It is believed that with the further development of my country's stock market, titles such as A shares and B shares will become history.

G shares are stocks that have completed equity split, such as G Sany and G Jinniu

Does the so-called "G board" concept originate from the regulatory authorities or the private sector? A person from the Share-trading Reform Pilot Office stated a basic fact. He said, "At that time, there was the name G board, but it did not mean the establishment of an independent board. It generally refers to the type of companies that have carried out share-trading reform, that is, G-class companies. Therefore, if the regulators have said G board actually refers to G shares. "

On June 17 last year, the abbreviation of Sany Heavy Industry's stock was changed to "G Sany", becoming the first G share in China's securities market.

The establishment of "G shares" demonstrates the policy intentions of the China Securities Regulatory Commission. The regulation that "refinancing cannot be carried out without resolving full circulation" has also caused more listed companies to submit share reform plans. Among the 42 second batch of pilot companies, at least 10 companies including Hongsheng Technology and Zhongfu Industrial have proposed refinancing plans, accounting for about a quarter.

Bull market, bear market, long market, long market, short market, short market, buy short, sell short, long, short, long, dead, long, gap, hang, short, real long, opening price, closing price, highest price, lowest price, limit price, ex-dividend, ex-rights, price-to-earnings ratio, grab the hat and sit Lifting the sedan chair, washing the market, rebounding, shifting gears, sorting out, holding up, long killing, short squeeze, support line, support line explanation

Bull market There are more buyers than sellers in the stock market, and the bullish stock market is called a bull market. There are many factors that form a bull market, mainly including the following aspects: ① Economic factors: Increased profits of joint-stock companies, a prosperous economy, falling interest rates, development of emerging industries, moderate inflation, etc. may all drive up stock market prices. ②Political factors: Government policies, promulgation of laws, or sudden political events can cause stock prices to rise. ③ Factors in the stock market itself: such as issuance rush buying, short selling by speculators, and large purchases of stocks by large investors can all trigger a bull market.

Bear Market A bear market is the opposite of a bull market. There are more sellers than buyers in the stock market, and a bearish stock market is called a bear market. The factors that trigger a bear market are similar to those that trigger a bull market, but they move in the opposite direction.

Bull, bullish market Long refers to investors who are optimistic about the stock market and predict that the stock price will rise, so they buy stocks when the price is low, and then sell when the stock rises to a certain price to obtain the difference. income. Generally speaking, people usually refer to the stock market where the stock price maintains a long-term upward trend as a bull market. The main characteristic of stock price changes in the bull market is a series of large rises and small falls.

Short position, short market short position means that investors and stock traders believe that although the current stock price is relatively high, they are not optimistic about the future of the stock market and expect that the stock price will fall, so they sell the borrowed stocks in time and wait for the stock price to rise. Buy again when the price falls to a certain level to obtain the profit difference. This trading method of selling first and then buying to earn the price difference is called a short position. People usually refer to the stock market where the stock price shows a long-term downward trend as a short market. The characteristics of the stock price changes in the short market are a series of big drops and small rises.

Short-selling investors predict that the stock price will rise, but their own funds are limited and they cannot purchase a large number of stocks. Therefore, they first pay part of the margin and obtain financing from the bank through a broker to buy the stocks. When the stock price rises to a certain Sell ??it again when the price reaches the same level to obtain the profit difference.

Short selling Short selling is when investors predict that the stock price will fall, so they pay a mortgage to the broker and borrow the stocks to sell them first. When the stock price falls to a certain price, the stock will be purchased, and then the borrowed stock will be returned, and the profit difference will be obtained.

Long-term information refers to information that stimulates the rise of stock prices, such as improved operating performance of listed companies, lower bank interest rates, sufficient social funds, relaxed bank credit funds, market prosperity, etc., as well as other political, economic, military, Diplomacy and other aspects are beneficial to the rise in stock prices.

Bad and negative refers to information that can cause stock prices to fall, such as deterioration in operating performance of listed companies, bank tightening, increase in bank interest rates, economic recession, inflation, natural and man-made disasters, etc., as well as other political, economic and military , diplomacy and other aspects that caused the stock price to fall.

Going short means being short for a long time. Investors are negative about the long-term prospects of the stock market and expect the stock price to continue to fall. After borrowing shares to sell, they have to wait for the stock price to fall for a long period of time before buying again, hoping to make huge profits.

Long-duo Long-duo means being long for a long time. Investors are optimistic about the prospects of the stock market. They buy stocks now and prepare to hold them for a long time, hoping to obtain a high price difference after the stock price rises for a long time.

To die too much means to be determined to be long. Investors are optimistic about the long-term prospects of the stock market. They buy stocks and prepare to hold them for a long time. They have made up their mind not to sell them unless they make money. They would rather wait for a few years until the stocks rise to an ideal price before selling them.

Short jump occurs when the stock price jumps up and down significantly after being affected by bullish or negative effects. When the stock price rises due to bullish influence, the opening price or lowest price on the exchange that day is higher than the closing price of the previous day by more than two reporting units. When the stock price falls, the day's opening price or highest price is more than two reporting units lower than the previous day's closing price. or rise or fall by more than one reporting unit in a day's trading. The above phenomenon of large jumps in stock prices is called short jumping.

Short selling means that stock investors go short and sell the stock, but the stock price does not fall that day, but rises. They have to buy it back at a high price and lose money. This is short selling.

Shiduo Investors are bullish about the stock price prospects and use their financial strength to go long. Even if the stock price drops in the future, they are not in a hurry to sell the purchased stocks.

Opening price Opening price refers to the first transaction of a certain security on a stock exchange on each business day. The transaction price of the first transaction is the opening price of that day. According to the regulations of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, if there is no transaction of a certain security within half an hour after the market opens, the previous day's price will be the opening price of the day. Sometimes there is no transaction for a certain security for several consecutive days. The stock exchange will propose a guidance price based on the price trend of the customer's order for buying and selling the security, and then it will be used as the opening price after the transaction is completed. The average price or average offering price of securities traded over the counter on the day before listing on the first day of listing is the opening price.

Closing price The closing price refers to the transaction price of the last transaction of a certain security before the end of one day's trading activities on the stock exchange. If there is no transaction on that day, the latest transaction price will be used as the closing price, because the closing price is the standard for the current day's market and the basis for the opening price of the next trading day, which can be used to predict future securities market conditions; therefore, investors are optimistic about the market situation. When analyzing, the closing price is generally used as the basis for calculation.

The quotation is the highest purchase price or the lowest bid price reported by traders in the securities market for a certain security within a certain period of time. The quotation represents the highest price that both buyers and sellers are willing to pay. The purchase price is the purchase price. The price at which investors are willing to buy a certain security, and the bid price is the price at which sellers are willing to sell. The order of quotation is customary: the price quoted first, the price quoted last. In the stock exchange, there are four types of quotations: one is spoken, the other is expressed by gestures, the third is filled in the declaration record form, and the fourth is entered into the computer screen. Highest price Highest price, also known as high value, refers to the highest transaction price of a certain security in that day's trading.

The lowest price, also known as the low value, refers to the lowest transaction price of a certain security in the day's trading.

Low limit price In order to prevent prices from skyrocketing and falling in the securities market and avoid causing excessive speculation, during public bidding, the stock exchange shall impose appropriate limits on the rise and fall of the market price on the day of the stock exchange in accordance with the law. That is, if the market price on that day rises or falls to a certain limit, it will no longer rise or fall. The technical term for this phenomenon is a limit. The highest limit of the market price on that day is called the daily limit, and the market price at the time of the daily limit is called the daily limit price. The lowest limit of the market price on that day is called the lower limit, and the market price at the lower limit is called the lower limit price.

When ex-dividend stock issuing companies issue dividends or dividends, they need to make various preparations such as checking the shareholder list and convening a shareholder meeting in advance. Therefore, it is stipulated that the list of registered shareholders on a certain day shall prevail and be announced on that day. The following period will be the shareholder transfer period. During the book-closing period, dividends are still paid to existing registered shareholders, and holders of newly purchased stocks cannot enjoy the right to receive dividends because they have not transferred their ownership. This is called ex-dividend. At the same time, the stock trading price should deduct the number of dividends that should be paid during this period. This is an ex-dividend transaction.

Ex-rights, like ex-dividends, is also a regulation during the book-closing period: that is, new stock holders cannot enjoy the rights to capital increase and allotment of the stock during the book-closing period. Rights allotment means that when a joint-stock company issues new shares to increase capital, the original shareholders have the right to preemptively subscribe or subscribe. The value of this right can be calculated in the following two situations.

①The value of rights for free capital increase and allotment = the closing price on the day before the transfer is stopped - the closing price on the day before the transfer is stopped ÷ (1 + allotment rate)

②The value of the rights for the paid capital increase = The closing price on the day before the transfer is stopped - (The closing price on the day before the transfer is stopped + the payment amount for the new shares × the allotment rate) ÷ (1 + the allotment rate).

The allotment rate is the ratio of how many new shares are allotted for each old stock.

The trading of stocks after ex-rights is called ex-rights trading.

Price-to-earnings ratio The price-to-earnings ratio is the ratio of the market price per share of a certain stock's common stock to its earnings per share. So it is also called the price-to-earnings ratio or the price-to-earnings ratio.

The calculation formula is:

Market price per share of common stock

P/E ratio =------------- ------

Annual earnings per share of common stocks

The numerator in the above formula refers to the current market price per share, and the denominator can be the earnings of the most recent year or the future one. Forecast earnings for the year or years. This ratio is one of the most basic and important indicators for estimating the value of common stock. It is generally considered normal for the ratio to remain between 10 and 20. If it is too small, it means that the stock price is low and the risk is low, and it is worth buying; if it is too large, it means that the stock price is high and the risk is high, so you should be cautious when buying, or you should hold the stock at the same time. However, judging from the actual situation of the stock market, stocks with large price-to-earnings ratios are mostly popular stocks, while stocks with small price-to-earnings ratios may be unpopular stocks, and buying them may not necessarily be beneficial.

Cap grabbing is a speculative behavior in the stock market. In the stock market, speculators first buy stocks that are expected to rise at a low price that day, and then when the stock price rises to a certain price, they sell the purchased stocks that day to obtain the difference in profits. Or you can first sell the stocks you hold that are expected to fall on the same day, and then when the stock price drops to a certain price, buy the sold stocks at a low price to obtain the difference in profits. Sitting on a sedan chair Sitting on a sedan chair is a speculative trading behavior in the stock market that is used to drive up and manipulate stock prices. Speculators expect that good or bad information will be announced, and the stock price will rise or fall accordingly, so speculators immediately buy or sell stocks. When the information is released, a large number of people rush to buy or sell, causing the stock price to rise and fall sharply. At this time, speculators sell or buy the stocks to obtain huge profits. Buying first and then selling is called riding a long sedan chair, while selling first and then buying is called riding a short sedan chair.

Sedan-carrying Sedan-carrying refers to the act of buying or selling stocks immediately after the announcement of good or bad news, when the stock price is expected to rise or fall sharply. The act of buying stocks based on good news is called long selling, and the selling of stocks based on bad information is called short selling.

Whispering speculators first drive down the stock price significantly, causing a large number of small stock investors (retail investors) to panic and sell their stocks, and then raise the stock price in order to take advantage of the opportunity.

Retracement In the stock market, the stock price shows a continuous upward trend, and eventually reverses back to a certain price due to the rapid rise in stock price. This adjustment phenomenon is called a retracement. Generally speaking, the retracement range of a stock is smaller than the rise range. It usually resumes its original upward trend when it reverses back to about one-third of the previous rise.

Rebound In the stock market, the stock price shows a continuous downward trend. The adjustment phenomenon in which the stock price finally reverses and rises to a certain price due to the rapid decline in stock price is called rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound amplitude of a stock is smaller than the decline amplitude. It usually resumes its original downward trend when it rebounds to about one-third of the previous decline.

When investors are long-term investors, if the stock price falls and it is expected that the stock price will continue to fall, they will immediately sell the stocks they hold and wait for the stock to fall a certain distance before buying again. This trading behavior is used to reduce the losses suffered by longs during the period when the stock price falls. This trading behavior is called gearing.

After the stock price in the stock market rises or falls sharply and rapidly, it encounters a resistance line or a support line. The original rising or falling trend slows down significantly, and begins to jump up and down with an amplitude of about 15%, and then Continuing for a period of time, this phenomenon is called consolidation. The occurrence of consolidation usually indicates that bulls and shorts are fighting fiercely, resulting in price jumps, which is also the prelude to the next big stock price movement.

Hold-up refers to the trading risk encountered when trading stocks. For example, investors expect that the stock price will rise, but the stock price has been on a downward trend after buying. This phenomenon is called long hold. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and sell the borrowed stocks short, but the stock price keeps rising. This phenomenon is called short holding.

The more you kill, the more you kill, that is, more heads kill more heads. Investors in the stock market generally believe that the stock price will rise that day, so everyone rushes to buy the stock. However, the stock market situation backfires, and the stock price does not rise significantly. The stock cannot be sold at a high price. Until the end of the stock market, stock holders compete to sell. , resulting in a sharp decline in the closing price of the stock market.

Short squeeze means that short sellers squeeze out short sellers. Stock holders in the stock market unanimously believed that the stock would fall sharply that day, so most people rushed to sell short stocks. However, the stock price did not fall significantly that day, and they were unable to buy stocks at a low price. Before the end of the stock market, short sellers had no choice but to compete to cover their losses, resulting in a significant increase in the closing price.

Level The stock market is affected by bullish information. When the stock price rises to a certain price, long sellers think it is profitable and sell in large quantities, causing the stock price to stop rising or even fall back.

In the stock market, the price level when it encounters resistance is generally called a checkpoint, and the checkpoint when the stock price rises is called a resistance line.

Support line: The stock market is affected by bad information. When the stock price falls to a certain price, short sellers think it is profitable and buy a large amount of stocks, so that the stock price stops falling and even shows an upward trend. The level when the stock price falls is called the support line.

Banker’s trading skills

1. The dealer’s operation is generally divided into five stages

1. Preparation before entering the banker

2. Attracting goods

3. Washing the market

4. Pulling up

5. Shipping

Makers' trading skills and analysis methods

1. The dealer's operation is generally divided into five stages.

1. Preparation before entering the village. This should pay attention to "the right time, the right location, and the right people." The right time refers to the best time to enter the bank, which is usually when the macroeconomic reaches a low point and there are signs of starting. Entering the bank at this time means that you can get positive cooperation from the fundamentals in the future control process and be able to adapt to the market. The development of major trends. In essence, bankers are just large-scale investors, and their actions must also conform to the requirements of market development trends. The right location means choosing the right stocks. Generally speaking, before the official speculation, a detailed project establishment report will be submitted to the CEO of the institution, which carefully analyzes the reasons why the stock is suitable for speculation and has a complete operation plan. Human harmony means coordination with all parties.

2. The common methods used by bookmakers to attract goods are: first try to break through important technical support levels, trigger stop-loss orders from technical speculators, form a downward trend in stock prices, and spread bad rumors at the same time. Shake investors' confidence in holding shares. However, when the stock price trend was at its worst, there was a force quietly absorbing it. When the public looked back after panicking, the stock price did not fall much.

3. Washing the market The main purpose of washing the market is to increase the average holding cost of other investors and drive away short-term followers, so as to reduce the pressure to further increase the stock price. At the same time, in the actual selling high and buying low, the bookmaker can also earn a considerable price difference to make up for the higher cost of the pull-up period.

4. Pulling up The banker's ability to control the stock price basically depends on the degree to which he controls the chips. We often see dark horses that rise more than 20% in one day, but few of our friends hold this stock, or they once held it but sold it in the oscillations of the past few days. Many people have experienced this feeling of regret. In fact, the reason why this stock can rise by 20% in one day is precisely because retail investors rarely hold it, and most of it is in the hands of bankers. There is little pressure to make a profit when such a stock rises, and most of the huge intraday trading volume is caused by the dealer's own buying and selling. Of course, the dealer can control the stock price as he wishes.

5. Shipping Shipping is the most critical link in the banker's operation, and it is also the most difficult level. It directly determines the success or failure of the banker.

Generally speaking, there are three methods for dealers to ship goods:

(1) The oscillating shipping method repeatedly creates oscillations in high-price areas, making retail investors mistakenly think that they are just sorting out, and thus Slowly shipped in batches during oscillation. This kind of shipping time is long and is often used for shipping operations of large-cap stocks or important indicator stocks.

(2) The pump-and-dump method releases sudden major good news, and then opens hugely higher, attracting retail investors to fully follow up. At this time, the volume is increased and the shipment is reversed, often one or two The shipment operation was completed within days. This shipping method requires strong popularity and stimulating news, and is suitable for small and medium-cap stocks. However, this method of shipping is very risky for bookmakers, and they can only be somewhat confident of successful shipments when the market is relatively hot.

(3) The method of suppressing shipments directly suppresses the stock price and ships. This situation often occurs because the bookmaker discovers a sudden negative situation. Or some reason forces the dealer to withdraw quickly. Investors must not think that the market maker can only ship by raising the stock price. In fact, the cost of holding shares of the market maker is far lower than the public shareholding level. Even if the market maker suppresses shipments, there will still be huge profits. This shipping method is insidious and can easily damage the stock quality, so most market makers are unwilling to adopt it.

P/E ratio: The ratio of the stock price divided by earnings per share, also known as the price-to-earnings ratio.

P/B ratio: The ratio between market price and net assets per share. The lower the ratio, the lower the risk.

Turnover rate: The frequency with which stocks change hands in the market within a certain period of time. It is also one of the indicators that reflects the liquidity of stocks. The calculation formula is: turnover rate (turnover rate) = a certain period of time. Trading volume within/total number of shares issued×100%.

Trading volume: the number of shares traded on a stock exchange. If the seller sells 1 million shares and the buyer buys 1 million shares at the same time, the trading volume of this stock is 1 million shares.

Trading volume: The total amount of a stock’s trading price multiplied by its trading volume.

Commonly used technical indicators: MACD, RSI, KDJ, ASI, OBV, etc. These indicators are auxiliary tools for stock market investment, but it is best to choose individual stocks based on fundamentals.

Transactions and Commissions

The stock trading methods currently available to investors are divided into three forms: on-site entrustment by the sales department, telephone entrustment and online trading. Data shows that the transaction value of entrusted transactions through online transactions currently accounts for about 65% of the total transaction value, and as high as 80% in some areas.

The reason is simple. Online trading is more free, faster and more convenient than on-site and telephone commissions, and the fees are the lowest among the three methods.

The fees currently charged by investors for buying and selling stocks are divided into two parts, a stamp duty of 1‰ and a transaction commission of no more than 3‰. Among them, many business departments will discount the transaction commission part based on the amount of funds of the customer, and the commission level will also be different if you choose different transaction charging methods. Specifically, on-site entrustment by the sales department is the highest, reaching 3‰; telephone entrustment is second, generally 2.5‰; while online transactions are the lowest at 2‰. In addition, China's A and B share markets currently implement a T+1 trading system, that is, if you buy on the same day, you can only wait until the next day to sell.

Introduction to stock selection

How to select individual stocks in the current market environment? Some retail masters in the market have worked out a few basic principles, so that some new investors who have not had time to have a deep enough understanding of the stock market can imitate them as a reference when investing:

1. Institutional investors must be optimistic. , it can be seen from public information that among the major shareholders of tradable shares are QFII, funds, insurance or social security funds;

2. They are industry leaders or monopolistic industries. This is the choice of institutional investors in recent years. One of the basic conditions for stocks;

3. Adequate cash flow and provident fund indicate that the company’s basic financial condition is good;

4. The price-to-earnings ratio is low, preferably 10 times Left and right, indicating that there is still room for growth in the future;

5. Those with "rights" that can be allocated at a high level; 6. Understand the background and are not affected by macro-control; 7. Have performance development and good performance expansion expected.

The above conditions should be considered comprehensively. The more conditions that meet the better, the selected stocks will be put into "optional stocks" for tracking and inspection for a period of time, and long-term indicators will be used to observe. Only then can you determine whether to "place an order". This requires investors to select individual stocks based on doing their homework. Don't listen to hearsay, and don't trust stock reviews; you must observe calmly, analyze carefully, spot trends, grasp the direction, and choose stocks yourself.

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