(1) floating profit and loss: the settlement institution calculates the floating profit and loss of the open contract of the member according to the settlement price of the current transaction. The formula is as follows:
Floating profit and loss = (settlement price of the day-opening price) * contract unit * position handling fee. ?
If it is positive, it means that the bulls are floating profits or the bears are floating losses. Negative values are just the opposite.
(2) Actual profit and loss:?
The profit and loss realized by liquidation is the actual profit and loss. Most futures trading is learned in the usual way. The formula is as follows:
Actual profit and loss of bulls = (closing price-bid price) * contract unit * position handling fee.
Actual profit and loss of short position = (selling price-closing price) * contract unit * position handling fee.
Analyze and explain the difference between position profit and loss, market profit and loss and total profit and loss;
Let's look at the "profit and loss of marked positions" first: there are two situations. First, if you close your position on the same day, then:
Position profit and loss = closing price-opening price
Whether it is profit or loss depends on your buying price or selling price. If you buy when you open a position and the closing price is higher than the opening price, then you are profitable. If you sell when you open a position and the closing price is higher than the opening price, then you are losing money. On the other hand, if you buy when you open a position and the closing price is lower than the opening price, then you are losing money; If you sell when you open a position and the closing price is lower than the opening price, then you are making a profit.
If the warehouse of one of your scales was not built on the same day, it is a historical warehouse. Then your opening profit and loss = closing price-yesterday's settlement price Whether it is profit or loss depends on your closing price or yesterday's settlement price. If you buy when you open a position and the closing price is higher than yesterday's settlement price, then you are profitable. If you sell when you open a position and the closing price is higher than yesterday's settlement price, then you are losing money. On the other hand, if you buy when you open a position and the closing price is lower than yesterday's settlement price, then you are losing money; If you sell when you open a position and the closing price is lower than yesterday's settlement price, then you are making a profit.
Let's look at "mark-to-market profit and loss": there are two situations. First, if the position is closed on the same day, then this operation is not "mark-to-market profit and loss".
If you don't open your position on the same day, there will be "mark-to-market gain and loss" = settlement price-opening price. Whether it is a profit or a loss depends on your settlement price and opening price of the day. If you buy when you open a position, and the settlement price on that day is higher than the opening price, then you are profitable. If you sell when you open a position, and the settlement price on that day is higher than the opening price, then you are losing money. On the other hand, if you buy when you open a position, and the settlement price on that day is lower than the opening price, then you are losing money. If you sell when you open a position, and the settlement price on that day is lower than the opening price, then you are making a profit.
Finally, the total profit and loss:
On the one hand: total profit and loss = closing price-opening price. Whether it is profit or loss depends on your buying price or selling price. If you buy when you open a position and the closing price is higher than the opening price, then you are profitable. If you sell when you open a position and the closing price is higher than the opening price, then you are losing money. On the other hand, if you buy when you open a position and the closing price is lower than the opening price, then you are losing money; If you sell when you open a position and the closing price is lower than the opening price, then you are making a profit. On the other hand: total profit and loss = market value profit and loss+position profit and loss. Whether it is profit or loss, we can see whether the total profit or loss is positive or negative. To illustrate the problem, give a simple example.
For example, yesterday you sold short 1 gold. Suppose the transaction price of the gold you sold yesterday was 260 yuan/gram, yesterday's settlement price was 255 yuan/gram, and today's settlement price was 265 yuan/gram. So there are several possibilities:
(1) If you reverse the operation before yesterday's closing, that is, you bought 1 hand gold yesterday and closed the position, assuming your buying price is 258 yuan/gram, then your profit is 2 *1000 = 2,000 yuan. So your profit of 2000 yuan belongs to "position gain and loss" or "mark-to-market gain and loss"? Look clearly, the profit of 2000 yuan here is the profit and loss of the position. And it is profitable.
(2) If you didn't close your position yesterday. So you didn't pay attention to the position profit and loss yesterday, only one paid attention to the market profit and loss. That is, (255-260)* 1000=5000, which is a profit, that is, +5000.
(3) If you haven't closed your position today, then you haven't marked the profit and loss of your position today, only the profit and loss of the market. That is, (265-255) *1000 =10000, which is a loss, that is,-10000(4) If you close your position tomorrow, the closing price, that is, your purchase price is 263 yuan. Then you don't mark the market profit and loss tomorrow, only one is to mark the position profit and loss. That is, (263-265)* 1000=2000, which is a profit, +2000.
(5) So if it is held from yesterday to tomorrow, the total profit and loss =(263-260)* 1000=3000, which is a loss. On the other hand, from the total profit and loss = mark-to-market profit and loss+mark-to-market profit and loss =5000- 10000+2000=-3000, there is a loss. & lt/P & gt；
The difference between mark-to-market profit and loss and floating profit and loss is that if only a single contract is considered (taking multiple contracts as an example), floating profit and loss is the "settlement price of the opening price of the day"
The daily mark-to-market profit and loss is: "the settlement price of the day-the settlement price of the previous day".
Two, the so-called short position, refers to some special circumstances, the customer's interest in the investor's margin account is negative. When the market situation changes greatly, if most of the funds in the investor's margin account are occupied by trading margin, and the trading direction is opposite to the market trend, due to the leverage effect of margin trading. It is easy to pile up. If short positions lead to losses and are caused by investors, investors need to make up for the losses, otherwise they will face legal pressure.
Most of the reasons for the explosion are related to improper fund management. In order to avoid this sad situation, it is necessary to control the profit of positions, manage funds reasonably and avoid the possible Man Cang operation in stock trading. Unlike stock trading, investors must pay attention to stock index futures in time. Therefore, stock index futures are not suitable for all investors.
Extended data:
Futures trading process:
Once you have chosen the right brokerage company, the next step is to open a futures trading account. The so-called futures trading account refers to the fund credit account opened by futures traders for trading performance guarantee. Opening an account is very simple, and the brokerage company will enthusiastically provide relevant help.
Risk disclosure
You will read a book "Futures Risk Disclosure" (the national unified standard for risk disclosure). When accepting an application for opening an account for passengers and goods, a futures brokerage company shall provide the customer with a Letter of Disclosure of Futures Trading Risks. Individual customers should sign the Futures Trading Risk Statement after reading and understanding it carefully; After the customer carefully reads and understands, the legal representative of the unit will sign and affix the official seal of the unit.
sign a contract
Sign an entrustment agreement with a futures brokerage company to clearly stipulate the rights and obligations between the futures brokerage company and its customers. Individual customers should sign contracts, and corporate customers should sign contracts and build official seals.
When opening an account, an individual should provide his/her ID card and keep his/her seal or signature sample card. When an entity opens an account, it shall provide a copy of the business license of the enterprise as a legal person, and provide written materials such as the name, contact number, seal of the entity and its legal representative or person in charge, and the written authorization of the legal representative to authorize the executor of the futures trading business.
Application code
The exchange implements the system of registration and filing of customer transaction codes. When opening an account, the customer should fill in the "Futures Trading Registration Form" and fill in some basic information about you on the form. This form will be submitted by the brokerage company to the exchange to open a unique futures trading code for you, also known as the trading code. One code per household, special code is special, and mixed code transactions are not allowed. When a futures brokerage company cancels its customer transaction code, it shall file with the Exchange.
edge
After the above procedures are completed, the futures brokerage company will prepare a futures trading account for you, fill in the "account card" and give it to you. In this way, the account opening work is completed. After signing a futures brokerage contract with a futures brokerage company, the customer shall pay the deposit for opening an account in accordance with the regulations. The futures brokerage company shall deposit the margin paid by the customer into the customer account agreed in the futures brokerage contract for the customer to conduct futures trading. The margin charged by the futures brokerage company to the customer belongs to the customer; Except in accordance with the provisions of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, futures brokerage companies are strictly forbidden to use the deposits deposited by customers in futures exchanges for transaction settlement.
Extended data:
Futures Trading _ Baidu Encyclopedia