In this exposure draft, CICC "tightened" the position limit standard, reducing the position limit standard from the original 600 lots to 100 lots, and at the same time strengthening the declaration and supervision requirements for "large households". In addition, the institutional hedging system has also been adjusted. Experts believe that these systems are conducive to further strengthening risk control and can effectively prevent price manipulation.
The relevant regulations are clear. The position limit standard of clearing members is calculated according to the total unilateral position of a contract after daily settlement, and the customer number position of hedging and arbitrage trading is implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the exchange. At the same time, in order to strengthen the supervision of large households, it is stipulated that the positions of trading members with different customer numbers or customers engaged in self-operated business should be combined with the positions of customers in different members; Add the provision that "the customer's position has not yet reached the relevant aggressive standards, but the Exchange may require him to make aggressive reports when it deems it necessary".
In the aspect of hedging system, the application and approval unit of hedging is changed from sub-contract approval to variety approval, and at the same time, it is stipulated that the hedging amount is valid for 6 months from the date of approval and can be reused within the validity period. Experts believe that through this revision, investors can dynamically allocate hedging among various contracts and avoid frequently applying for new hedging quotas due to contract delisting.
Note: The original text was published in china securities journal Xinhuanet)
The system of margin and compulsory lightening is targeted.
Combined with the progress of the basic system construction of China's capital market, the simulated trading operation of stock index futures and the development of overseas financial futures markets, CICC has comprehensively combed, repeatedly demonstrated and carefully revised the trading rules and their implementation rules. The new system has been improved in the aspects of "raising the minimum trading margin standard", "modifying the relevant provisions on margin adjustment" and "canceling the fuse system", which makes the risk control of stock index futures more targeted. At the same time, CICC also revised the implementation conditions of compulsory burden reduction, which is conducive to preventing the occurrence of risk accidents.
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Electronic equipment is the main theme of the engine, benefiting from price increases and anti-inflation inventory. Big technology stocks led the theme stocks to rebound. The bull market is "slippery" without changing the market. [Weibo] Short-term oversold rebound will not exceed two days [shares] to raise the reserve. The market will go like this next week [He Xun knows] What do you mean by going inside and outside the market? In terms of margin system, in order to strengthen risk control, the minimum trading margin of stock index futures is raised from 10% to 65438. In order to ensure the pertinence of the margin adjustment level of the exchange under the unilateral market, CICC also revised the restrictive provisions on the margin adjustment of the exchange under the unilateral market. For example, in the process of futures trading, if there is no continuous quotation on one side of the daily limit board (unilateral market), national legal holidays, the exchange thinks that the market risk changes obviously, and the exchange thinks it is necessary, the exchange can adjust the trading margin standard according to the market risk and report it to the China Securities Regulatory Commission.
In addition, in terms of the compulsory lightening system, according to Article 86 of the Measures for the Administration of Futures Exchanges, "If futures prices go up and down continuously in the same direction, the exchange can take measures such as adjusting the fluctuation range, raising the trading margin standard, lightening positions according to certain principles", and the execution condition of the compulsory lightening of stock index futures is changed to "there is a continuous unilateral market in the same direction in futures trading". Experts believe that this measure can effectively prevent large-scale "explosion" accidents.
The price limit system tends to be reasonable.
The contract months of the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index futures contracts are the current month, the next month and the last two quarters, and the quarters refer to March, June, September and 65438+February. Considering that the volatility of quarterly contracts may be greater than that of recent contracts, CICC draws lessons from the regulations of domestic commodity futures exchanges, and in addition to stipulating the price limit ratio of recent contracts 10%, it also increases "the price limit range of quarterly contracts on the first day of listing is 20% of the listing benchmark price". If the transaction is made on the first day of listing, the next trading day will be restored to the range of price limit stipulated in the contract; If there is no transaction on the first day of listing, the provisions on the price limit of the previous trading day will continue to be implemented on the next trading day. Experts believe that the adjustment of this system makes the price limit system of stock index futures forward contracts more reasonable and reduces the possibility of frequent extreme prices of newly listed far-month contracts.
In overseas markets that have not adopted the price limit system, the fuse system, as a price fluctuation control mechanism, can play a role in calming market sentiment and balancing market orders to a certain extent. Since China's stock and stock index futures market implemented the 10% price limit system, there have been corresponding institutional arrangements to prevent excessive price fluctuations. Considering the relevant factors, the conditions for implementing the system are not mature enough at present. This revision cancels the provisions on the fuse system in the Trading Rules and the Measures for the Administration of Risk Control, which is also a reasonable measure.
"Tightening" limited warehouses to prevent manipulation.
In this exposure draft, CICC "tightened" the position limit standard, reducing the position limit standard from the original 600 lots to 100 lots, and at the same time strengthening the declaration and supervision requirements for "large households". In addition, the institutional hedging system has also been adjusted. Experts believe that these systems are conducive to further strengthening risk control and can effectively prevent price manipulation.
The relevant regulations are clear. The position limit standard of clearing members is calculated according to the total unilateral position of a contract after daily settlement, and the customer number position of hedging and arbitrage trading is implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the exchange. At the same time, in order to strengthen the supervision of large households, it is stipulated that the positions of trading members with different customer numbers or customers engaged in self-operated business should be combined with the positions of customers in different members; Add the provision that "the customer's position has not yet reached the relevant aggressive standards, but the Exchange may require him to make aggressive reports when it deems it necessary".
In the aspect of hedging system, the application and approval unit of hedging is changed from sub-contract approval to variety approval, and at the same time, it is stipulated that the hedging amount is valid for 6 months from the date of approval and can be reused within the validity period. Experts believe that through this revision, investors can dynamically allocate hedging among various contracts and avoid frequently applying for new hedging quotas due to contract delisting.
Settlement guarantee against systemic risks.
The biggest difference from commodity futures is that CICC introduces the "settlement guarantee system" into the risk control of stock index futures. On the basis of the original rules, the provisions on the calculation and collection of settlement guarantee are improved, which is conducive to preventing the occurrence of systematic risks.
Drawing lessons from the practice of the international futures market, CICC introduced the clearing member system in the system design to enhance the overall anti-risk ability of the exchange. Through the hierarchical settlement system, that is, "clearing members of the exchange, clearing members clearing investors or non-clearing members, and non-clearing members clearing investors". At the same time, clearing members need to pay a certain amount of risk settlement margin (basic margin and variable margin), such as the basic margin of trading clearing members is 6.5438+million yuan, the comprehensive clearing members are 20 million yuan, and the special clearing members are 30 million yuan.
Experts believe that under this hierarchical settlement system, institutions with strong financial strength and rich management experience can become settlement members, while other trading members who do not have the qualification of settlement members must settle through settlement members, thus forming a multi-level risk management system. Graded settlement helps the market to control and absorb risks step by step, and is conducive to the formation of a diversified and multi-level pyramid risk control system, so that many local risks can be resolved at the level of settlement members, ensuring the smooth operation of the financial futures market. (Li Zhongqiu)
Brokers actively prepare IB business
With the approach of stock index futures, securities companies are actively preparing IB business with unprecedented enthusiasm. Most brokers holding futures companies are going to re-declare IB business qualifications for all their business departments. Recruiting soldiers, arranging futures zones and organizing customers and employees to participate in stock index futures training courses have become the main tasks of business department bosses in the near future. Some small brokers have also stepped up their plans to acquire futures companies for IB business qualifications.
Large and small business departments go into battle together
"I didn't expect the progress of stock index futures to be so fast. We have been working overtime recently to prepare the filing materials for IB business retrial! " A person in charge of Essence Securities told china securities journal reporter excitedly that all business departments under the company are ready to apply for IB business qualification. At present, the IB business personnel of the company's futures have arrived at the post and are conducting business training on stock index futures.
Coincidentally, when reporters from china securities journal visited the sales offices of Great Wall Securities, Nanjing Securities, China Merchants Securities (600999) and other securities firms, they also found that preparing IB business for futures has become a top priority for the bosses of these sales offices. According to industry insiders, most of the 33 brokers who have previously obtained IB business qualifications will re-apply for IB business qualifications for all their business departments. Some small brokers who have not yet obtained IB business qualification are also busy buying futures companies recently, and are ready to apply for IB business qualification.
According to the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Securities Companies Providing Intermediary Services to Futures Companies (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) recently issued by the CSRC, the securities business department that has previously obtained IB business qualification must be reorganized according to the new regulatory requirements, and IB business can only be carried out after it is accepted by the local securities regulatory bureau.
According to the relevant person in charge of Essence Securities, the new regulatory regulations mainly include staffing, technical equipment and publicity of account opening process. For example, the securities business department applying for IB business should be equipped with at least two full-time business personnel, and the person in charge of the business department should participate in the special training organized by the temporary association and obtain the training certificate; The business department should set up a relatively independent futures business area, equipped with IB account opening machine, futures quotation system and recording telephone and other equipment. In addition, the business department should also publicize the account opening process and photos of full-time IB business personnel in a prominent position.
"The requirements of two full-time staff are not high. More than 200 people in our company have obtained futures qualifications last year, and the personnel reserve is quite sufficient. " According to relevant sources of Great Wall Securities, all its business departments are ready to meet the stock index futures.
"Balance Bar+Spring" for Risk Control
As the main carrier of modern financial derivatives, stock index futures break the traditional mechanism and mode of stock and commodity futures trading, so it puts forward higher and stricter requirements for investors' professional level and risk management ability.
With the gradual introduction of the investor suitability system of stock index futures related to regulators and exchanges, there is still some time to prepare for the formal listing of stock index futures. Investors are advised to fully understand and master the trading characteristics of stock index futures in order to obtain new investment opportunities on the basis of effectively preventing and managing risks.
Strengthen investor education
First of all, it needs to be clear that stock index futures and stocks are different in essential attributes. Stocks, real estate, bonds and other assets belong to the same category, and the essential attribute of stock index futures is futures, which is a tool to manage and hedge the spot price risk. In other words, stock investment follows value discovery and focuses on the long-term profit and development prospect of the target enterprise, which belongs to asset allocation behavior; Stock index futures correspond to the overall systemic risk of the stock market, so all kinds of investment participants use stock index futures tools for different purposes.
Secondly, the trading characteristics of stock index futures highlight the importance of investor suitability system and investor education. The main trading characteristics of stock index futures are margin system and daily mark-to-market system. Margin system refers to the high leverage ratio of stock index futures (buying and selling a contract only needs to pay a certain percentage of margin, which is a high credit transaction), which determines that the trading characteristics of stock index futures are "high leverage, high income and high risk". The day-to-day mark-to-market system is established to maintain the market credit order and prevent the risk of counterparty default, also known as the debt-free day settlement system. For stock investors, the credit risk is low because there is no leverage ratio, while the credit risk of stock index futures investors is high. If the losses caused by price fluctuations exceed the level covered by the margin, the futures company will promptly notify customers to add margin or take liquidation measures, thus effectively protecting the interests of investors and futures companies.
Furthermore, a very big difference between participating in stock index futures and stock trading is that the theoretical life cycle of stocks is infinite (except for delisting or merger of enterprises), and investors can strategically hold stocks for a long time, but stock index futures contracts have a life cycle, that is, investors must choose liquidation, extension or cash delivery when the contracts are approaching maturity, and jumping between contracts also means that investors will generally face maturity risks, among which extension risks are more common. For example, when an index fund buys a stock index futures contract, it needs to close the old contract and buy a new one. If the term structure of stock index futures is forward premium, it needs to bear the spread cost between the old and new contracts.
Effectively manage and prevent risks
We have made an empirical study on the impact of stock index futures on the spot market. The results show that stock index futures not only play the role of price fluctuation buffer (balance bar), but also affect the top shape of spot market (spring effect), that is, one-way market (market lacking stock index futures) is prone to single top (V-shaped reversal), while two-way market (with stock index futures hedging mechanism) is prone to form multiple top structures (similar to M-shaped).
In fact, this is also the embodiment of the function of stock index futures. When stock index futures can be hedged and risk managed in the market, the pressure on investment funds can be moderately alleviated, and similar structured products can also fully realize portfolio insurance technology. In this way, the market trend will be repeated to a certain extent, waiting for signs of trend confirmation. In addition, stock index futures greatly enhance the flexibility of the spot market. The more active the stock index futures trading, the stronger the flexibility of the spot market.
However, as the main carrier of modern financial derivatives, the risks contained in stock index futures have also attracted investors' full attention: high leverage ratio under the margin system determines high returns and high risks; The basis volatility of stock index futures and spot index is inherently unstable, so the basis trading should not rely too much on quantitative models (the failure cases of long-term capital management companies can be used for reference); When the stock index futures contract is about to expire, the reduction of transaction scale may lead to price discontinuity; The impact of macro-environmental changes on the broader market may be released through the violent fluctuation of stock index futures prices; Investors' lack of experience in capital preparation and risk management may lead to cash flow risk. (Ma Wensheng, Chairman of Xinhu Futures Co., Ltd.)