(2) According to the chart, two scientific research stations A in China are Great Wall Station; B is Zhongshan station; Extreme day and night will occur at Zhongshan Station in the polar circle;

(3) The Antarctic continent is rich in coal resources, iron ore, oil and natural gas resources;

(4) There is no country or settled population in the Antarctic continent, and the indigenous people in the Arctic are mainly Inuit and Aleutians.

So the answer is: (1) extremely cold; Strong wind; Less; Penguin; (2) Great Wall Station; Zhongshan station; Zhongshan station; (3) coal; (4) none; Inuit; Aleutian islands.