Abstract: At present, China is in a dilemma of grasping economic growth opportunities and low-carbon transformation. We should not only follow the general laws of economic and social development and climate protection, conform to the trend of the times and low-carbon economy, but also conform to China's basic national conditions and national interests, find a coordinated long-term and short-term interest, weigh various policy objectives, and pursue the victory of low-carbon development. Through the analysis of the general situation and development requirements of low-carbon economy, several strategies for developing low-carbon economy in China are finally obtained.
Keywords: low-carbon economy
General situation of low power consumption, energy saving and low carbon economy
1
The so-called low-carbon economy refers to the concept of low-carbon economy. The concept of sustainable development, through technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation, new energy development and other means, as far as possible to reduce the energy consumption of high-carbon coal and oil, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, achieve the orientation of economic and social development, and win the economic development model with ecological and environmental protection. To develop a low-carbon economy, on the one hand, we should actively undertake the responsibility of environmental protection and meet the requirements of national energy-saving and consumption-reducing indicators; On the other hand, it is to adjust the economic structure, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, develop emerging industries and build ecological civilization. This is the first time in history that pollution abandoned low-end and high-end, and then the first extensive practical method was transformed into intensive development mode, which is an inevitable choice to achieve economic development, environmental protection and resource win-win.
2。 Low carbon economic background
Under the background of "low-carbon economy", global warming is a challenge to human survival and development. With the increasing global population and economic scale, energy consumption and environmental problems make people have to continue to admit that not only harmful smog, photochemical smog and acid rain, but also the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and the inducement of global climate change are indisputable facts.
In this context, a series of new concepts and policies such as carbon footprint, low-carbon economy, low-carbon technology, low-carbon development, low-carbon lifestyle, low-carbon society and low-carbon city have emerged. ? Due to the great changes in energy and economic value, the gradual upward movement of ecological civilization may take a new path, that is, abandoning the traditional growth model in the 20th century, directly applying innovative technologies and mechanisms in the new century, and realizing the sustainable development of society through a low-carbon economic model and a low-carbon lifestyle. Ideal form
Low-carbon economy is the all-round development of sunshine economy, wind energy economy, hydrogen energy economy and biomass energy economy. In the transition from "carbon fuel civilization" to "solar energy civilization" (wind energy, the form in which biomass energy is converted into solar energy) in the next few decades, an important significance of "low-carbon economy" and "low-carbon life" is to save the consumption of fossil energy and provide time guarantee for the popularization and utilization of new energy. Especially from the energy structure of China, low carbon means energy saving, and low carbon economy is based on low energy consumption and low pollution.
Second, the opening of foreign low-carbon economy
Japan: Consumers Buy Carbon Agriculture
A recent survey by Mizuho Research Institute in Japan shows that more than 50% consumers in Japan are willing to buy certified "low-carbon" agricultural products. The institute conducted a survey of Japanese women over the age of 20, who are the main buyers of agricultural machinery. Among the respondents in 2062, 7 1% thought it was necessary to implement the certification system for low-carbon agricultural products, and people were willing to buy 53% of the certified low-carbon agricultural products.
Taking rice, tomatoes and melons as examples, the institute also investigated the price level accepted by consumers, that is, "low carbon" agricultural products. Facts have proved that consumers are willing to accept a certain level of price. Suppose that in the process of agricultural production, if the carbon dioxide emission is 100%, consumers are willing to accept it: the price of rice rises by 24%, the price of melon rises by 22%, and the price of tomato rises by 15%.
The researchers believe that the survey results show that the added value of "low carbon" is agriculture, and agricultural employees are worth working hard to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
2 Germany:
Electric vehicle is one of the representative products of low-carbon economy. Germany believes that the development of electric vehicles will not be as simple as replacing internal combustion engines and electric vehicles, but requires the active participation of major social affairs and the opportunity to completely rectify energy and transportation in the whole society.
"The major breakthroughs in many countries and the technical difficulties of different electric vehicles themselves put more emphasis on German electric vehicle solutions and systems and promote the overall development of electric vehicles." Qin Yu, China engineer, project manager of Automotive Technology Research Institute and Berlin Technical University.
It is reported that German society actively promotes the solution of "electric traffic" system, and its efforts are mainly manifested in the following eight aspects: First, it mainly focuses on the adjustment of energy structure. A major problem to be solved is the pollution of electric vehicles and greenhouse gas emissions. If power companies still rely heavily on the production of unrecoverable and unclean methods, it means that the fundamental problem has not been solved. Second, the power of fundamental innovation. The demand for a large number of electric vehicles will drive the fundamental changes of the whole society, and then optimize the distribution of factory locations, the peak demand of the overall power grid and the requirements of major changes, so the new smart grid technology is in its infancy. Third, the technological breakthrough of the electric vehicle itself. This is one of the major car companies. The focus of the German government is to guide enterprises. In addition, the German government also encourages consumers who buy electric vehicles between 20 12 and 20 14 to receive a subsidy of 30.005 million yuan from the German government.
3 Russia: Exploring New Ways of Energy Efficiency Recently, Schwartz, director of WWF Russia Branch, told reporters in the course of environmental policy that Russia has embarked on a new road of exploring energy efficiency and development.
Due to the abundant oil and natural gas reserves, Russia has long lacked energy-saving motivation and paid insufficient attention to energy-saving economic construction. The resulting economic inefficiency has become a major shortcoming of Russian enterprises in international competition. In June 2009, 5438+065438+ 10, Russia agreed at the EU- Russia Summit on the 24th that by 2020, Russia's greenhouse gas emissions would be reduced by 20-25% on the basis of 1990. At present, Russia has begun to show energy-saving effects.
Analysts said that with the further implementation of domestic energy-saving measures, Russia will eventually find a new energy-saving road suitable for its national conditions.
Third, developing a low-carbon economy is an inherent requirement of sustainable development, and we can no longer
Resources, high energy consumption and serious pollution to the environment in exchange for temporary economic growth. If everyone still regards GDP as development, but there are cheap resources or GDP tax rebates in exchange for exports, if you have more money in your pocket, but the environment has deteriorated, the air is dirty and the water is black, the intention to start with developing countries violates its essence in Scientific Outlook on Development. More is the transformation of the development mode of low-carbon economy, reducing the cost of resources and environment per unit GDP, restoring and expanding the stock of resources by investing in natural resources, applying ecological principles to design processes and industrial processes, and improving the efficiency of resource utilization, so that the effect will better share the development achievements for the people.
1。 Developing low-carbon economy is an important way to adjust industrial structure. There is a misunderstanding that to develop a low-carbon economy, we must give up steel, building materials and high energy-consuming industries, so we cannot develop a low-carbon economy. While China is in the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization, steel (43582 1.00, 0.48%), cement, electricity and other materials need large-scale infrastructure to ensure that these "high-carbon" industries, driven by the new round of economic growth, cannot be met by the huge domestic demand in the international market. The development of these industries is reasonable. By developing a low-carbon economy, we can improve the utilization efficiency of resources and energy, reduce the carbon intensity of the economy, and promote the optimization and upgrading of China's economic structure and industrial structure.
2。 Developing low-carbon economy is a possible measure to optimize China's energy structure. More oil and less gas resources are short of coal, which determines that coal will remain the main primary energy source for a long time to come. Coal is a "high-carbon" energy source, and China does not have the advantage of using low-carbon energy sources such as cheap international oil and gas. With the development of low-carbon economy, increasing the proportion of renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions can effectively reduce primary energy consumption.
3。 Developing low-carbon economy is the possible path of leap-forward development. Our skill level, limited R&D and innovation. This is a reality that we have to face, and it is also the biggest challenge for China to transform from a "high-carbon" economy to a "low-carbon" economy. In recent years, the development and utilization of renewable energy industry has increased rapidly. If we increase investment and vigorously develop low-carbon economy, China can achieve leap-forward development in this region.
4。 With the development of low-carbon economy, China is taking the internationalization route of international cooperation and participating in the formulation of "rules of the game". China enjoys the advantages of industrialization globalization, institutional arrangement, industrial structure and technological revolution, but we have to accept that the international rules dominated by developed countries are inevitably the low-end labor force in the international division of labor with a "smile curve" of profits. Low-carbon economy can not only jointly develop related technologies in developed countries, but also directly participate in the discussion and formulation of new international rules of the game, which is conducive to our long-term development and long-term stability.
4. The road of developing low-carbon economy in China.
In recent years, with the destruction of the environment, climate change and the prominent plight of environmental resources, human beings are facing a sudden emergence in underdeveloped countries, and developing low-carbon economy is a bottleneck for all countries to pass.
Technological innovation and institutional innovation are the key factors and main forms of realization of government-led and enterprise participation. For China, the development of low-carbon economy can be achieved from the following aspects. 1 transformation, and strive to build a low-carbon industry development. In accordance with the requirements of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, efforts should be made to realize the three transformations of economic development mode and the transformation of urgent and important strategic tasks in the overall situation of the national economy. Promote the strategic adjustment of industrial structure, vigorously develop high-tech industries and modern service industries, vigorously develop service trade, further strengthen the policy of restraining the export of high-energy and high-emission products, and strive to develop and produce high-value and low-energy products to realize the overall structure of low-carbon industries.
2。 To develop and expand circular economy, the focus is on industrial energy conservation in circular economy.
In the development, priority will be given to reducing the production chain from the beginning, promoting the recycling of resources and efficient use of energy, turning waste into treasure and turning harm into benefit. To continue to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, the current focus should be industrial energy conservation, which is determined by the stage of China's development and the proportion of industrial energy consumption. Control the rapid growth of industries with high energy consumption and high emissions, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, and control the rapid growth of high energy consumption buildings and transportation; Strengthen the system construction, implementation and evaluation of assessment objectives in order to strengthen the accountability system and effectively complete the binding indicators put forward in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.
Vigorously promote the development of ecological agriculture and agricultural circular economy, greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the utilization rate of agricultural and forestry wastes is high, which can be used as feed, fertilizer, fungus-based materials, industrial raw materials and electricity, reduce environmental pollution around cities and airports, and accelerate the popularization of solar energy and biogas technology, which not only increases rural energy supply, but also improves farmers' health level and ensures food safety.
3。 Low-carbon land use planning and low-carbon economy pilot construction
The idea of building low-carbon cities and infrastructure. Low-carbon concept design specification, introducing the rational planning of urban functional area layout, building and popularizing the utilization of solar energy, using natural ventilation and lighting as much as possible, and energy-saving heating selective refrigeration system; Choose thermal insulation materials, advocate proper decoration, and put an end to rough houses; Promoting the use of energy-saving lamps and energy-saving appliances at home can effectively reduce carbon emissions in daily life without affecting the quality of life.
Pay attention to the development direction of low-carbon transportation. Strengthen the connection between various modes of transportation and the harmonious road system of motor vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians, build a modern logistics information system, and reduce the traffic vacancy rate; Strengthen the implementation of intelligent building management system to realize modern, intelligent and scientific management; Develop new energy vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, clean energy such as diesel and hydrogen fuel, and reduce the pressure of transportation on the environment.
Select typical regions, cities and key industries to carry out low-carbon economy pilot projects. Draw lessons from international experience, introduce guidance on the development of low-carbon economy, guide local and urban areas to develop low-carbon economy, save energy and carbon emissions, study and formulate pricing mechanism, and shape a sustainable low-carbon future for China.
4。 Actively encourage technological innovation and encourage research, development and application of low-carbon environmental protection technologies.
Low-carbon technology is an important support of "low-carbon economy" based on low energy consumption and low pollution. Therefore, developing low-carbon technology has become an inevitable choice for low-carbon economy.
From a technical point of view, China's domestic carbon status in the short term, China should vigorously develop energy-saving and efficient technologies, such as clean coal, oil and natural gas, and efficiently develop and utilize renewable energy and new energy technologies; In the medium and long term, China's main technical research should include: the main industries for emission control and disposal of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, utilization technology, biological and engineering carbon fixation technology, advanced manufacturing technology of major energy equipment such as coal and nuclear power, and carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage technology. We should not only develop advanced low-carbon technologies, but also attach importance to technological innovation and the application of low-carbon technologies in other industries in order to realize the whole low-carbon economy.
5。 It is an important measure to solve the problem of low-carbon technology to establish an important driving factor of low-carbon economy-legal protection mechanism and promote the innovation of low-carbon economy and the development of policy system. At present, the low-carbon economy should strengthen the construction of legal protection mechanism, formulate the Low-carbon Economic Law, promptly formulate the Renewable Energy Law and the Energy Conservation Law (revised edition), timely develop supporting normative documents, and change the legal fields of environment and resources, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Environmental Impact Assessment, the Air Pollution Prevention Law, the Mineral Resources Law and the Electricity Law. Building energy conservation management regulations and other oil conservation management measures, strengthen the incentive mechanism for the development and utilization of clean energy and low-carbon energy, and take actions to implement these laws to support enterprises to develop low-carbon economy.
In short, China should actively respond to the low-carbon economy, establish a development that adapts to low-carbon production and consumption patterns, and encourage the formulation of domestic and international carbon policies, legal systems and market mechanisms, so as to finally leap from the "carbon" era to the "low-carbon" era.