1. Financial market in a broad sense: refers to all financial transactions conducted by both the fund supply and demand sides through various channels and using various financial instruments, including all monetary and financial activities between financial institutions and customers, between financial institutions and between the fund supply and demand sides, such as deposits, loans, trusts, leasing, insurance, bill mortgage and discount, stock and bond trading, gold foreign exchange trading, etc. 2. Narrow financial market: generally limited to financing activities with bills and securities as financial instruments, interbank lending among financial institutions and gold foreign exchange transactions. 3. Financial market: the general term for monetary fund transactions, gold foreign exchange transactions and interbank lending among financial institutions with bills and securities as financial instruments. 4. Primary market: also known as the issuance market or primary market, it is a trading market formed when fund demanders sell financial assets to the public for the first time. 5. Secondary market: the trading market where the issued old securities are transferred and circulated among different investors. 6. Financial instruments: also known as credit instruments, are legal documents that prove the relationship between creditor's rights and debts and conduct monetary and capital transactions accordingly. 7. Stock: a kind of securities, which is a certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to prove the identity and rights of investors as shareholders and to obtain dividends and bonuses accordingly. 8. Common stock: the basic stock issued by a joint-stock company is the most standard stock. 9. Preferred stock: the stock issued by a joint-stock company that takes precedence over ordinary shareholders in the distribution of company income and remaining assets. 10. Bond: a written certificate issued by the debtor to the creditor to undertake the obligation to repay the principal and interest at the agreed time. 1 1. Treasury bonds: short-term debt certificates issued by the government to make up for the temporary shortage of treasury funds. 12. Mortgage company bonds: bonds issued by companies with real estate or chattel as collateral. 13. Credit corporate bonds: bonds issued entirely by corporate credit without using any assets as collateral or guarantee. 14. Converting corporate bonds: This kind of bonds stipulates that bondholders can convert into company shares according to a certain proportion and certain conditions within a certain period of time. 15. Corporate bonds with the right to subscribe for new shares: This bond gives the holder the right to buy new shares of the company. 16. Restructured corporate bonds: bonds with lower interest rates issued by restructured companies to reduce the debt burden. 17. Debt-sinking fund corporate bonds: This kind of bonds stipulates that before the maturity of the bonds, the issuing company should regularly withdraw a certain percentage of the profits according to the total amount of issuance as repayment funds, and hand them over to the entrusted trust company or financial institution for safekeeping, and gradually accumulate them to ensure the one-time repayment of the bonds. 18. financial bonds: bonds issued to the public by banks and non-bank financial institutions in accordance with the relevant state securities law and securities issuance procedures, using their own reputation to raise funds. 19. fund securities: also known as investment fund securities, are securities issued to the public by the sponsors of investment funds, which prove that the holders enjoy the rights of asset ownership, asset income and distribution of surplus property according to shares. It is the product of some equity combinations of stocks, bonds and other financial products. 20. Bill: A negotiable security that the drawer promises or entrusts the drawee to pay a certain amount unconditionally on a specified date or at sight. 2 1. Free foreign exchange: it can be bought and sold freely in the foreign exchange market without the approval of the issuing country, and can be freely converted into currencies of other countries. They are widely used as means of payment and circulation in international economic exchanges. 22. Bookkeeping foreign exchange: Without the approval of the relevant foreign exchange administration departments, it cannot be converted into other countries' currencies, and usually it can only be used between the agreed countries according to relevant agreements. 23. Derivative financial instruments: also known as financial derivatives, refer to a financial product whose value depends on the original financial instruments. 24. Money market: a short-term financial market that deals with financial assets with a maturity of less than 1 year. 25. Inter-bank lending market: a market formed by short-term capital lending activities among various financial institutions. 26. Central bank bills: short-term bonds issued by the People's Bank of China, with maturities ranging from 3 months to 1 year. 27. Pre-issuance market: In reality, there is a kind of national debt transaction that is not conducted after the issuance, but immediately after the issuance announcement. This trading market is also known as the pre-issue market. For example, WI-Fi transactions in the United States. 28. Transferable certificates of deposit: certificates of deposit issued by commercial banks that can be transferred in the market. 29. Repurchase agreement: When the securities holder sells the securities, it is agreed with the buyer that the seller will repurchase the same amount of similar securities from the buyer at the agreed price on a certain date in the future. 30. Capital increase: An established joint-stock company issues new shares, which is called capital increase. 3 1. Credit transaction: also known as pre-lending transaction or margin transaction, it is a transaction method in which a customer pays a certain amount of cash or stock as a margin to a broker, and the difference is paid in advance by the broker. 32. Option trading: Also known as option trading, it means that both parties to the transaction reach a contract whether to buy or sell a certain stock at an agreed price within an agreed time. 33. Stock index futures trading: futures trading with stock price index as the object aims to reduce the risk of stock investment and increase the attractiveness of stock investment. 34. Stock index option trading: buying and selling option contracts according to the stock price index. 35. Stock Exchange: A place organized according to certain methods and rules to conduct centralized securities trading, also known as the floor trading market. 36. Membership: A stock exchange in the form of membership organization is a non-profit-making legal entity voluntarily formed by intermediaries engaged in securities business. 37. Corporate system: Stock exchanges in the form of corporate system are established according to the Company Law. The exchange collects the issuer's "listing fee" and extracts securities trading service fees such as "handling fee". 38. Commission broker: a broker who accepts the entrustment of clients, buys and sells on the exchange on their behalf, and receives a fixed commission. 39. Two-yuan broker: also known as expert broker, it is specially entrusted by commission brokers to buy and sell on their behalf and charge a certain commission. 40. Special broker: also known as professional broker, refers to a broker who has a special position in the exchange and engages in special securities trading. 4 1. Brokerage: Also known as trading floor dealers, they only handle self-operated business and do not handle entrusted business. 42. Stock dealers: securities companies specializing in stock trading, with less than one trading unit.