It is generally easy to understand how long futures are, but it is not easy to understand how short futures are. Let's take shorting wheat as an example (the seller may not have the goods in his hand when signing the selling contract) to explain the principle of shorting futures:
When the price of wheat is 2000 yuan per ton, it is estimated that the price of wheat will fall. You signed a (first-class) contract with the buyer in the futures market, for example, you agreed to sell him 10 ton of standard wheat at a price of 2000 yuan per ton at any time within six months. (the value is 2000× 10 = 20000 yuan, calculated in 600 yuan. )
Why should a buyer sign a contract with you? Because he's awesome.
When signing a contract, you don't necessarily have wheat in your hand (generally you don't really want to sell wheat). If you observe the market, as you wish, it drops to 1800 yuan per ton, you buy 100 tons of wheat per ton/800 yuan, and sell it to the buyer at 2000 yuan per ton, and the contract is fulfilled (yours
(2000-1800) × 10 = 2000 (yuan) (the handling fee is generally10 yuan, which is ignored).
In practice, you only need to sell a hand of wheat in 2000 and buy a flat at 1800, which is very convenient.
If the price of wheat rises within half a year, you have no chance to buy low-priced wheat to close your position, you will be forced to buy high-priced wheat to close your position (the contract must be closed at the expiration), you will lose money, and the buyer who signed with you will make a profit.
If you close your position at 2200, you will lose money:
(2200-2000)× 10=2000 (yuan)+10 yuan handling fee.
Attach to futures account:
First go to a futures brokerage company (search online, preferably one with large scale, good reputation and top ranking) or a local sales department to open an account.
A. To open an account, a natural person must show his ID card and submit a copy to open an account in a bank designated by a futures brokerage company. In principle, a deposit of 50,000 yuan is required (not required by some companies), the account opening information registration form is filled in, the video materials and scanned ID cards are left, and the futures brokerage contract and all its attachments are signed.
B. A legal person shall submit the following documents when opening an account: ① a copy of the business license; (2) A copy of the tax registration certificate; (3) the name and account number of the bank; (4) A copy of the ID card of the legal representative; ⑤ A copy of the authorized person's ID card. Fill in the Registration Form of Legal Person Account Opening Information, and the legal representative shall personally sign or authorize the signing of the Futures Brokerage Contract and all its annexes, and affix the official seal of the unit.
C. The client shall designate 1-2 as the fund distributor and 1-2 as the issuer of the trading instruction in the futures brokerage contract document (the issuer of the instruction is regarded as the signatory of the settlement instruction). The designated fund distributor and the person issuing the transaction instruction must personally sign, provide the ID card and its copy, and reserve the seal.
Precautions for opening an account:
1. Please read the Risk Statement, Instructions to Customers, Contract Text and other relevant texts carefully before entering the site.
2. Account opening information provided (business license, ID card, etc.). ) must be within the validity period.
3. The signatures involved in the contract must be signed by the relevant personnel themselves, and may not be signed on their behalf.
Opening an account is free, and the handling fee can be negotiated with the sales department.
5. If it is online trading, download the online trading software of the futures brokerage company (with market analysis software) and install it on the computer.
Enter the online trading system, and you can trade futures online.
Futures speculation is very similar to the stock market, but there are also obvious differences.
First, large-cap stocks are traded in full, that is, you can only buy as many shares as you have, while the futures system is a margin system, that is, you only need to pay 5% to 10% of the turnover to trade 100%. For example, if an investor has 1 10,000 yuan, he can buy 1000 shares if he buys1000 yuan, and he can clinch a commodity futures contract with110,000 yuan by investing in futures, that is, taking small bets and making big ones.
Second, the two-way trading of stocks is one-way. Only by buying stocks first can you sell them. Futures can be bought or sold first, which is a two-way transaction.
Third, time limit There is no time limit for stock trading. If the quilt cover can be closed for a long time, and the futures must be delivered at maturity, otherwise the exchange will force the liquidation or physical delivery.
4. Profit and loss The actual income of stock investment has two parts, one is the market price difference, the other is the dividend, and the profit and loss of futures investment is the actual profit and loss in market transactions.
Fifth, the risk is huge, but controllable. Due to the restrictions of margin system, additional margin system and forced liquidation at maturity, futures have the characteristics of high returns and high risks. In a sense, futures can make you rich overnight or make you penniless in an instant. Investors should invest carefully and remember not to operate in Man Cang.
6. Futures is T+0 trading, and it can be traded several times a day. You can close the position immediately after opening the position. The handling fee is lower than that of stocks (about one ten thousandth to five ten thousandths).
Futures can make money. But the money it earned was lost by others, and it had to bear the transaction cost, so it was not easy to make money in futures (but it was easier than when the stock market fell).
Futures are risky, so be careful when entering the market!