In 2008, the grain production in China was the fifth consecutive bumper harvest year, and the total output was expected to reach 525 billion kilograms, an increase of 4.7% over 2007. Due to the comprehensive influence of various factors at home and abroad, the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a series of meetings held by the Party and the state on market prices made very clear decisions, increasing the direct grain subsidies, comprehensive direct agricultural subsidies, subsidies for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools and subsidies for improved varieties in 2009, and substantially raising the minimum grain purchase price in 2009. On June 5438+1October 65438+1October 9, 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Grain Bureau and the Agricultural Development Bank of China issued the Notice on Raising the Minimum Purchase Price of Wheat in 2009: "With the approval of the State Council, it is decided to substantially raise the minimum wheat produced in 2009 from the time when new grain is put on the market next year. The minimum purchase price of white wheat (third-class, the same below), red wheat and mixed wheat per 50kg was increased to 87 yuan, 83 yuan and 83 yuan, respectively, which was 10 yuan, 1 1 yuan higher than that in 2008. The minimum purchase price of rice should also be greatly improved. " In order to protect the interests of grain farmers, the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Grain Bureau, the Ministry of Finance and the Agricultural Development Bank of China jointly issued a notice on February 3, 2008 to increase the national temporary storage grain purchase plan16.5 million tons, including 7.5 million tons of rice and 5 million tons of corn. In 2008, the temporary stored grain was sold according to the principle of "appropriate price sales", which means that the national policy has strongly pulled the grain market price. In 2009, the grain purchase price, the national minimum grain purchase price and the auction price of temporarily stored grain will be further increased, and the overall market grain price will be higher than that in 2008. The financial crisis depressed the price of the grain market. The financial crisis triggered by the American subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 has spread all over the world. Under the situation of this crisis and world grain harvest, there will be a new pattern of grain markets at home and abroad in 2009. From 12 to 1 in 2008, China abolished the export tariffs on corn and corn flour and reduced the export tariffs on wheat, rice and rice flour. The export tariff of wheat will be reduced from the current 20% to 3%, and the export tariff of rice will be reduced from 5% ~ 10% to 3% ~ 8%. The adjustment of grain export tariffs has a very limited impact on the domestic market. Due to the Chinese government's strategy of maintaining self-sufficiency in grain supply, in order to stabilize the domestic grain market recently, the government has successively issued some support policies, including temporarily purchasing and storing rice, reducing export tariffs on rice, and canceling the temporary price-intervention measures for finished grain and other grain commodities at the beginning of the year. With the support of a series of favorable policies, the domestic rice price has always maintained a stable operation during the sharp drop in international rice prices. The downward adjustment of oil prices has lowered the price of grain production. After the world oil price soared to 1 1 in July 2008, it plummeted under the influence of the financial crisis. The futures price of light crude oil for delivery in the New York Mercantile Exchange on June 65438+February 65438+February 08, 2008 went down all the way after the opening, reaching $35.98/barrel in intraday trading; It closed down $3.84 to $36.22 a barrel, the lowest level since June 2004. Merrill Lynch expects oil prices to bottom out to $25/barrel in the short term; Goldman Sachs' report also fell, and the oil price is expected to reach $30/barrel. According to the improved formation mechanism of refined oil prices, combined with the recent continuous decline of crude oil prices in the international market, the National Development and Reform Commission decided to adjust the ex-factory price of gasoline from 6,480 yuan to 5,580 yuan per ton from 0: 00 on February 19, 2008, so as to reduce the 900 yuan per ton; The ex-factory price of diesel oil was adjusted from 6070 yuan per ton to 4970 yuan, with a decrease of 1 100 yuan per ton; The ex-factory price of aviation kerosene was adjusted from 7450 yuan per ton to 5050 yuan, a decrease of 2400 yuan per ton. The above-mentioned refined oil price adjustment has included the factor of increasing the unit tax of refined oil consumption tax. On June 5438+1 October1in 2009, the domestic price level of refined oil products did not increase. At the same time, the price reform of refined oil has appropriately narrowed the price difference in circulation. The maximum retail price of gasoline and diesel is 1 160 yuan and 1270 yuan lower than the current retail maximum price per ton, which is equivalent to the national average of 0.9 1 yuan and 1.08 yuan lower per liter of No.93 gasoline and No.0 diesel respectively. The price of oil, which is closely related to grain production, has fallen sharply, reducing the pressure of rising means of production in China and bringing down the price of grain production. Abundant grain sources and effectively regulated grain market prices In the context of a bumper grain harvest in 2008, China's grain purchases increased substantially. According to the statistics of the State Grain Bureau, as of1October 25th 14, all kinds of grain in the main indica rice producing areas in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan14. Among them, state-owned grain enterprises purchased 10002 million tons, accounting for 69% of the total purchase, an increase of 4.263 million tons; In 2008, all kinds of grain enterprises in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other six major japonica rice producing areas purchased 44,265,438+million tons of new japonica rice, an increase of 2.445 million tons. Among them, state-owned grain enterprises purchased 2.92110,000 tons, accounting for 66% of the total purchase, an increase of1964 million tons; In 2008, various grain enterprises in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other major corn producing areas bought 6410.4 million tons of new corn, an increase of 4.678 million tons. Among them, state-owned grain enterprises purchased 1.787 million tons, accounting for 28% of the total purchase, up 1.558 million tons year-on-year. In 2009, the country had enough grain to regulate the grain market. As long as the minimum purchase price is auctioned all the year round and the grain is temporarily stored, the market supply can be effectively guaranteed and the market price can be adjusted by using price leverage.