Current location - Trademark Inquiry Complete Network - Futures platform - Definition and main indexes of fuel oil.
Definition and main indexes of fuel oil.
Most petroleum products can be used as fuel, but fuel oil has different interpretations in different regions. The concept of European fuel oil generally refers to the black sticky residue left after crude oil distillation, or its mixture with lighter components, which is mainly used as fuel for steam boilers and various heating furnaces or as large slow diesel fuel and various industrial fuels. But in the United States, it refers to any flammable liquid or liquefied petroleum product with a flash point of not less than 37.8℃, which can be residual oil or heating oil. Fractional fuel oil can be obtained not only directly from crude oil distillation (that is, straight-run fraction), but also from other processing processes such as cracking and distillation.

-Natural attributes.

Fuel oil is widely used in power plants, marine boilers, heating furnaces, metallurgical furnaces and other industrial furnaces. Fuel oil is mainly composed of petroleum pyrolysis residue and straight-run residue, which is characterized by high viscosity and contains many non-hydrocarbon compounds, resins and asphaltenes.

stickiness

Viscosity is the most important performance index of fuel oil and the main basis for classifying fuel oil grades. It is a measure of fluidity impedance, and its size indicates the fluidity, pumpability and atomization performance of fuel. For high viscosity fuel oil, it is generally necessary to preheat to reduce the viscosity to a certain extent, and then enter the burner to facilitate spray atomization at the nozzle. There are many methods to measure viscosity. Redwood viscosity is commonly used in Britain, Cyberport viscosity is commonly used in the United States, and engler viscosity is commonly used in continental Europe. However, kinematic viscosity is more widely used in various countries because of its higher measurement accuracy, less sample consumption and fast measurement speed. The conversion between various viscosities can usually be approximated by a pre-made conversion table.

At present, 40°C kinematic viscosity (distillate fuel oil) and100 C kinematic viscosity (residual fuel oil) are commonly used in China. In the past, engler viscosity (80 C,100 C) was used as the quality control index in China's fuel oil industry standard, and brands were classified by 80 C kinematic viscosity. The kinematic viscosity of oil is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density of oil. The unit of kinematic viscosity is Stokes, or Stokes for short. When the dynamic viscosity of the fluid is 1 poise and the density is 1g/cm3, the kinematic viscosity is 1 stokes. CST is the abbreviation of Centistokes, which means Liz, that is, 1 stokes 1%.

sulfur content

Excessive sulfur content in fuel oil will cause corrosion of metal equipment and environmental pollution.

According to the sulfur content, fuel oil can be divided into high sulfur, medium sulfur and low sulfur fuel oil. Besides carbon and hydrogen, sulfur is the third main component in petroleum. Although it is much lower than the first two, the content is still the same.

This is a very important indicator. According to the sulfur content, fuel oil is generally divided into low sulfur (LSFO) and high sulfur (HSFO). The sulfur content of the former is below 1%, while the latter usually reaches 3.5% or even 4.5%.

Above. There is also low wax oil (LSWR), which has high wax content and high pour point (such as 40 ~ 50℃). High sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) is traded in Shanghai Futures Exchange.

density

It is the ratio of the quality of petroleum products to their volume. Common units-gram/cubic centimeter, kilogram/cubic meter or kilogram/cubic meter, etc. Because volume changes with temperature, density cannot exist independently without temperature. For comparison, the density at15 C is defined as the standard density of western petroleum.

flash(ing) point

It is an indicator of oil security. Petroleum products are heated to a certain temperature under certain standard conditions, so the steam escaping from their surfaces is just enough to form a combustible mixture with the surrounding air. When it comes into contact with the standard test fire source, it will cause instantaneous flash, and the temperature of the oil is defined as its flash point. It is characterized by flame one.

The flash is extinguished, and the oil reaching the flash point temperature cannot provide enough flammable vapor to maintain continuous combustion. Only by reheating and reaching another higher temperature will it constitute continuous combustion once it encounters a fire source. The temperature at this time,

Weighing ignition point or ignition point (ignition point or ignition point

Even so, the flash point is enough to characterize the degree of danger of an oil product, and it is customary to classify dangerous goods according to the flash point. Obviously, the lower the flash point, the more dangerous it is, and the higher it is, the safer it is.

moisture

Its existence will affect the freezing point of fuel, and with the increase of water content, the freezing point of fuel will gradually increase. In addition, it will also affect the combustion performance of fuel machinery, which may cause accidents such as flameout and shutdown.

ash

It is the unburned part after combustion, especially after FCC circulating oil and slurry fuel oil, the silicon-aluminum catalyst powder will accelerate the wear of pumps and valves. In addition, ash will cover the heating surface of the boiler and make the heat transfer worse.

mechanical admixture

Mechanical impurities will block the filter screen, resulting in oil pump wear and nozzle blockage, affecting normal combustion.