1. Central Bank

2. Specialized foreign exchange banks.

3. Foreign exchange broker

4. Discount company

5. Foreign exchange traders

6. Transnational corporations

7. Foreign exchange speculators

8 importers, exporters and other foreign exchange suppliers and demanders

Participants in the above eight types of foreign exchange market transactions can be summarized into four parts: central banks, foreign exchange banks, foreign exchange brokers and customers in the foreign exchange market. The participation of these four parts in the market constitutes five main forms or relationships of all transactions in the foreign exchange market:

(1) Foreign exchange transactions between foreign exchange banks and foreign exchange brokers or customers;

(2) Foreign exchange transactions between foreign exchange banks in the same foreign exchange market;

(3) Foreign exchange transactions between foreign exchange banks in different foreign exchange markets;

(4) Foreign exchange transactions between the central bank and foreign exchange banks;

(5) Foreign exchange transactions between central banks.

Extended data:

function

1. International settlement: As foreign exchange is a means of payment and settlement in international economic exchanges, clearing is the most basic function of the foreign exchange market.

2. Exchange function: buying and selling currencies in the foreign exchange market, exchanging one currency for another as a means of payment, and realizing effective conversion of purchasing power of different currencies.

3. Credit granting: As banks are engaged in foreign exchange business, it is possible to provide loans to importers and exporters by taking advantage of the time difference between foreign exchange receipts and payments.

4. Hedging: namely hedging futures trading. This is different from the purpose of speculative futures trading. It is very important for importers and exporters not to profit from price changes, but to prevent foreign exchange income from being lost due to future exchange rate changes.

5. Speculation: buying and selling foreign exchange in anticipation of price changes. In the forward foreign exchange market, speculators can take advantage of exchange rate changes to make profits, produce "bulls" and "bears" and bet on future market conditions.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-foreign exchange market