1. The essence of bonds is to lend money to the issuer, which belongs to fixed income investment. The most important thing in futures is the judgment of future commodity prices. On the delivery date, the futures price will tend to be consistent with the spot price (otherwise, there will be arbitrage space and the spread will be found and smoothed out).

2. The bonds that individual investors can buy directly are limited, and most of them are for institutions. Ordinary individual investors can only buy bonds indirectly through institutions, such as bond funds and ETFs, and can also buy convertible bonds through stock software.

3. The essence of futures is a standardized contract, that is, a contract that specifies the transaction quantity and price of a certain variety at a certain time in the future, which belongs to financial derivatives.

4. The most fundamental reason for the price change of a commodity is the relationship between supply and demand. If you hold a futures contract, you need to track and analyze the relationship between supply and demand of the commodity, especially because futures contracts are greatly affected by time.