Futures settlement means that the clearing institution or clearing company of the exchange calculates the trading gains and losses of members and customers, and takes the calculation results as the basis for collecting trading margin or additional margin. Therefore, settlement refers to the settlement of all links in the futures trading market, including both the settlement of members by the exchange and the calculation of trading profits and losses by member brokerage companies on their behalf, and the calculation results will be recorded in the customer's margin account.
The settlement of the futures exchange shall be carried out by the margin system, the daily debt exemption system and the risk reserve system. In line with the hierarchical structure of the futures market, the settlement of futures trading is also hierarchical and hierarchical. The exchange only settles accounts for members, and non-member units and individuals settle accounts through members of futures brokerage companies.
Extended data:
The way of futures settlement:
1, hedge liquidation:
Hedging liquidation refers to the most important settlement method of futures trading, and most contracts in futures trading are settled in this way. Settlement result: profit and loss = (selling price-buying price) * contract number * contract unit-handling fee or = (buying price-selling price) * contract number * contract unit-handling fee.
2. Physical delivery:
In futures trading, although few transactions are made by physical delivery, accounting for only 1-3% of the total contract, it is precisely because the buyers and sellers of futures trading can make physical delivery that the futures price truly reflects the actual spot price of the traded goods, which makes it possible for hedgers to participate in futures trading. Therefore, physical delivery is very important.
The settlement result is that the seller will hand over the bill of lading and sales invoice to the buyer through the settlement department or settlement company of the exchange, and collect all the payment at the same time.
3. Cash settlement:
Only a small number of futures contracts are settled in cash at maturity, rather than in kind.
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