Securities refer to written documents that create and prove that the holder has the right to obtain certain property rights. A certain right represented by negotiable securities is combined with a written document recording the right, and the obligee shall not exercise the right without the securities in principle.

(1) stands for property right.

(2) The exercise of securities rights is inseparable from securities.

(3) the debtor of the securities is specific, that is, the holder of the securities can only request the debtor recorded in the securities to perform the debt, and the transfer of the securities to the securities does not affect the debtor's performance of the debt;

(4) The payment of the securities debtor is a unilateral obligation, that is, when the debtor performs the bond obligation, he shall not ask the creditor to pay the corresponding consideration except for the securities, and must "pay unconditionally".

Two. Types of securities (130)

According to the different property rights of securities, securities can be divided into: securities with the same right; Securities with certain real rights and securities with certain creditor's rights.

According to the different ways of securities transfer, it can be divided into:

(1) registered securities

The name of the securities owner is recorded on the securities, and the registered securities can transfer the rights on the securities through the transfer of creditor's rights;

(2) bearer securities

It is a kind of securities without the name of the owner. The rights on bearer securities are enjoyed by the holders and can be freely transferred, and the securities obligor is only responsible for the securities holders.

(3) Directed securities

Refers to the securities with the name of the first creditor marked on the securities. It shows that the securities holder is the person designated in the securities, and the securities obligor only performs his obligations to the holder recorded in the securities. Instruct that the transfer of securities must be endorsed by the right and the next creditor is designated, and the debtor of securities should perform it to the designated creditor.

Three. Ordinary securities (108)

(1) Bill (300)

A bill is issued by the drawer according to law, and it is agreed that the drawer or the principal will unconditionally pay a certain amount of securities to the holder or payee at the agreed time. Bills can be divided into bills of exchange, promissory notes and checks. A bill of exchange refers to a bill issued by the drawee, which entrusts the drawee to unconditionally pay a certain amount to the payee or holder at sight or on a specified date. Bills of exchange can be divided into bank bills and commercial bills. Promissory note, also known as promissory note, is a bill issued by the drawer and promised to unconditionally pay a certain amount to the payee or holder at sight. A cheque is issued by the drawer, entrusted by a bank or other financial institution that handles cheque deposit business, and unconditionally deposits a certain amount of bills into the payee or holder when seeing the cheque. There are three kinds of checks: cash check, transfer check and fixed check.

(2) Bonds (64)

Bonds are securities issued by the state or enterprises in accordance with the law, and agreed to repay the principal and interest at maturity. It can be divided into public bonds and corporate bonds. Public bonds are bonds issued by the state. Public bonds cannot be used as money, but they can be freely transferred, cashed and pledged in banks. Corporate bonds are bonds issued by enterprises, also known as corporate bonds. Corporate bonds can be transferred and pledged.

(3) stocks (55)

Stocks are securities issued by joint stock limited companies according to law, which embody the rights of shareholders. The rights marked on the stock are shareholders' rights, which represent the rights of dividends and dividend collection, shareholders' voting rights and the distribution of remaining property when the company is dissolved.

(4) Bill of Lading (57)

Bill of lading refers to the document that proves the contract of carriage of goods by sea and that the goods have been received or loaded by the carrier, and that the carrier keeps the evidence of delivery of the goods. The bill of lading is not only the proof of the establishment of the contract of carriage of goods, but also the proof of the ownership of goods.

(5) Warehouse receipt (6 1)

Warehouse receipt is a document issued by the warehouse keeper at the request of the depositor to prove the property right of the depositor. Warehouse receipts are indispensable securities, and related matters should be recorded according to legal requirements. Warehouse receipts are goods securities with payment as the subject matter; Warehouse receipt records that the transfer of goods must be transferred before it can take effect, so warehouse receipt is also a kind of property right securities. The depositor can pick up the goods stored in the warehouse receipt, or transfer the ownership of the goods recorded in the warehouse receipt to others through the endorsement and signature of the warehouse receipt operator.