According to the first paragraph of Article 2 of the Constitution of the United States of America, the President must be at least 35 years old and have lived in the United States for more than 14 years. He must also be a "born American citizen" (usually interpreted as an American citizen at birth) or an American citizen at the time of the adoption of the Constitution. The only vice president in the official position of the United States has the qualification of "being an American citizen at birth".
● US Vice President
The vice president of the United States is the first heir to the president and concurrently serves as the speaker of the United States Senate. The executive branch led by the president and vice president of the United States has 15 departments and several specialized agencies, which constitute the "government departments" in daily life. These departments are responsible for enforcing laws and providing various government services. The United States Federal Administration Department is the earliest major organization in the United States Federal Administration Department. The the State Council, the War Department and the Treasury Department were all established in the weeks around 1789. Every head of the executive branch of the federal government is a politically appointed American cabinet minister; Since 1792, federal law stipulates that cabinet ministers should be one of the members who meet the requirements of the succession order of the US president. The current CEO of the executive branch begins with the presidential succession order note 20 10 budget.
Number of employees under its jurisdiction: john forbes kerry, the State Council and the United States.
John Kerry US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner
Timothy Geithner1789 5133115897 US Department of Defense Chuck Hagel.
Chuck Hagel 1947 6 Formerly known as the Ministry of National Army Construction (1947-1949) 6637 3,000,000 US Department of Justice Holder, Eric.
Eric holder 1870 7 chief law officer was established on 1789, but the department was not established until 1870. 239112,557 US Department of the Interior Ken Salazar
Ken salazar1849 812071436 US Department of Agriculture vilsack, Tom.
Tom vilsack 1889 9 260 109 832 Gary Locke, US Department of Commerce
Locke 1903 10 was formerly the Ministry of Commerce and Labor; After the independence of the Ministry of Labor. 138 43,880 Hilda solis, US Department of Labor
Hilda Suris1913113317,347 sebelius, Catherine, US Department of Health and Human Services.
Kathleen sebelius195312 was originally named as the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; After the independence of the Ministry of Education. 787 67,000 United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
Sean Donovan196513 47510,600 US Department of Transportation, Leila Hood.
Ray LaHood196614 725 58,622 Steven Chu, US Department of Energy.
Chu197715 263109,094 Duncan, Arne, US Department of Education.
Arne Duncan197916 467 4,487 Eric Shinkan, US Department of Veterans Affairs
Eric Shinseki198917 Formerly known as Veterans Administration 525 235,000 Napolitano, Janet, Department of Homeland Security.
Janet napolitano's independent administration of the federal government in 2002 was US$ 65,438+08,427,208,000 65,438+08.46 billion; the independent administration of the federal government was established by the US Congress through various laws; Report directly to the President of the United States. The legal rights of each organizational system (organic law/statutory grant) authorize an independent administrative agency to stand on its own feet; If yes, establish the definition of administrative law. Federal regulations have the same effect as general federal laws. The following are some independent administrative agencies of the federal government:
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)-responsible for public and secret collection and analysis of overseas intelligence; Publicity); Overseas; On a secret mission for the president. The CIA reports its daily work to the Director of National Intelligence.
CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission)-Supervises futures market transactions in the United States.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- Cooperate with state and local governments to reduce and control all environmental pollution; EPA sets and implements environmental standards and evaluates the negative impact of pollution; Manage the fund for cleaning up toxic waste areas.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-Responsible for the supervision, licensing and price management of any domestic interstate and American external communication channels.
Federal Reserve Board of the United States Central Bank; Manage and standardize the banking industry, implement monetary policy by buying and selling US Treasury bonds, and maintain a strong payment system.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-Responsible for enforcing the federal antitrust and consumer protection laws; Investigate unfair trade incidents.
General Services Administration (GSA)- provides daily logistics services to the federal government.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established in-1957, and is responsible for the space program and long-term civil and military aerospace research.
NARA (National Archives and Records Administration)-Preserve and manage the heritage of American historical documents.
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)- implements major federal labor laws (National Labor Relations Law); It also has the right to prevent or compensate unfair business practices and ensure that employees become and exercise their right to form trade unions.
National Science Foundation (NSF)- supporting education and research in science and engineering through financial incentives; Encourage universities and colleges to cooperate with enterprises and governments around the world to conduct scientific research.
OPM (Office of Personnel Management)-the personnel agency of the federal government; And maintain the political and metallurgical neutrality of federal government civil servants.
Peace Corps was established in-196 1, and in the next two years, it sent well-trained volunteers overseas to help infrastructure construction in developing regions.
SBA (Small Business Administration) was established in-1953 to help small and minority businesses in the United States develop and survive.
SSA (Social Security Administration)-Administers the American social security system.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)-protecting the rights of securities investors; Require listed companies to declare all business information to make it more transparent; Investigate and prosecute any fraud of the company.
Usaid (United States Agency for International Development)-manages American funds that provide foreign economic and humanitarian assistance.
USITC (United States International Trade Commission)-provides expertise in trade development for U.S. government departments and Congress; Prosecute those who infringe intellectual property rights.
U.S. Postal Service-197 1, an autonomous institution that undertakes postal services nationwide; Exchange international mail through the Universal Postal Union.
The United States Postal Rate Commission was established in-197 1 to advocate postal prices, and will gain greater supervision power in 2007.
National transportation safety board (NTSB) was established in-1967, specializing in safety and accident investigation of land, sea, air and pipeline transportation.
The Office of the President (EOP) consists of the closest aides of the President of the United States and assistants at all levels who are responsible to the President.
White house office
Vice president's office
Office of Management and Budget
Presidential Council of Economic Advisers
National Security Council [China]
Office of the United States Trade Representative
Decision office
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Committee for improving environmental quality
National narcotics control policy office
The White House Executive Office, the judicial power of the United States, endows Congress with the Supreme Court and subordinate courts that can be formulated and established at any time. The function of the judiciary is to adjudicate judicial cases that oppose the legislation of Congress or require interpretation, and to hear criminal cases involving violations of federal laws. In cases involving the constitution, the federal court has appeal jurisdiction beyond state laws. The federal court is also responsible for hearing cases involving citizens of more than one state, as well as foreign-related cases.
In order to ensure the independence of the judiciary, the Constitution stipulates that federal judges can actually hold office during their good performance until their death, retirement or resignation. Judges who break the law during their term of office will be impeached like the president or other federal officials. Judges in the United States are appointed by the president, approved by the Senate, and their salaries are also approved by Congress. The annual salary of local judges ranges from 44,600 yuan to 65,600 dollars for the Chief Justice.
The Supreme Court of the United States, the only court specially established by the Constitution, is located in Washington, D.C., and consists of nine judges, one chief justice and eight representatives. Among thousands of cases filed every year, the Supreme Court usually only hears about 150 cases, most of which involve legal interpretation or national legislative intent. This kind of judicial supervision power is not specified in the constitution, but a theory drawn by the court according to its interpretation of the constitution.
The court of appeal is established to facilitate the handling of cases and reduce the burden on the Supreme Court. The whole country is divided into 1 1 appeal districts, and each appeal district has an appeal court with three to fifteen judges. As the name implies, the Court of Appeal reviews the decisions of local courts.
Local Courts There are 89 local courts in 50 states, and litigants can bring a lawsuit nearby. Each local court has 1 to 27 judges, and most cases handled by these courts violate federal laws.
In addition to the general jurisdiction of federal courts, special courts also have courts established for special purposes, such as the Court of Appeal, which adjudicates compensation claims against the United States. The customs court has exclusive jurisdiction over civil litigation involving taxes or quotas on imported goods, and there is also a customs and patent appeal court to hear appeals against the judgments of the customs court and the US Patent Office. According to Article 1 of the Constitution of the United States, the federal government entrusts all legislative power to the Congress composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States Congress. The proportion of seats in the House of Representatives of American States is based on population, but there will be at least one member. The law clearly stipulates that the total number of hospital members is 435. The term of office of deputies is two years, and there is no re-election limit. The Speaker of the House of Representatives is elected by members and is traditionally the leader of the majority party. However, the leader of the majority party is the second most important majority member in the hospital. According to the US presidential succession regulations, the Speaker of the House of Representatives is the third largest political leader after the Vice President and the Speaker of the Senate.
The House of Representatives is generally considered to be more partisan than the Senate. Many framers tried to make the Senate (originally elected by the state legislature) a check and balance institution of the House of Representatives (directly elected by citizens). Therefore, the power to "propose and agree" (such as the power to ratify treaties) is authorized by the Senate alone. The House of Representatives also has its own unique powers: it has the right to initiate income bills, impeach government officials, and elect the president when the electoral college is deadlocked. However, all these powers can be checked and balanced by the Senate. The Senate is usually more prestigious than the House of Representatives and its members. Senators have longer terms, fewer people, and (in most cases) represent more voters than representatives.
The House of Representatives is located in the south wing of Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The Senate meets in the north wing of the same building. Senate The United States Senate is one of the two houses of the United States Congress. Every state in the United States is represented by two senators, regardless of the population of each state. So the number of posts in the hospital is 100. Senators serve for six years, so they re-elect about one-third of the seats every two years. The vice president of the United States is the speaker of the Senate and has no Senate qualification; You can't vote unless you want to break the deadlock of a draw.
The Senate is recognized as more cautious than the House of Representatives; Senators have fewer seats and a long term of office, allowing academic views and partisan views, which is easier to dissociate from public opinion than the House of Representatives. The Senate has many powers listed in the Constitution, but the House of Representatives does not. Most importantly, when ratifying treaties or appointing important personnel, the President of the United States must "adopt the recommendations of the Senate and obtain its approval" (Chapter I of the US Constitution).
The United States Senate inherited the name of the Roman Senate. Its forum is located in the north wing of Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The House of Representatives meets in the south wing of the same building.