Aluminum alloy can obtain good mechanical properties, physical properties and corrosion resistance through heat treatment.
Cast aluminum alloys can be divided into aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy and aluminum-zinc alloy according to chemical composition.
First, pure aluminum products
Pure aluminum can be divided into two categories: smelting products and pressure processing products. The former is represented by the chemical composition al, and the latter is represented by the Chinese phonetic alphabet LG (aluminum, industrial).
Second, the pressure processing of aluminum alloy
Aluminum alloy pressure processing products are divided into seven categories: rust prevention (LF), hardness (LY), forging (LD), superhard (LC), cladding (LB), special (LT) and brazing (LQ). The commonly used aluminum alloy materials are annealed (M-annealed), quenched (Y) and hot rolled (R).
Third, aluminum.
Aluminum and aluminum alloys processed into certain shapes are collectively called aluminum materials, including plates, belts, foils, tubes, rods, wires and profiles.
Fourthly, casting aluminum alloy.
Cast aluminum alloy (ZL) can be divided into four categories, namely, silicon, copper, magnesium and zinc, with code names 100, 200, 300 and 400 respectively.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) high strength aluminum alloy
High-strength aluminum alloy refers to aluminum alloy with tensile strength greater than 480 MPa, mainly including hard aluminum alloy, superhard aluminum alloy and casting alloy.
Six, the typical use of different brands of aluminum alloy
Use of alloy codes
1050 extrusion coils, various hoses and fireworks powder for food, chemical and brewing industries.
1060 requires high corrosion resistance and formability, but not high strength. Chemical equipment is its typical use.
1 100 is used to process parts that require good formability and high corrosion resistance but do not require high strength, such as chemical products, food industry devices and storage containers, thin plate processed parts, deep-drawing or spinning concave vessels, weldments, heat exchangers, printed boards, nameplates and reflective appliances.
1 145 packaging and heat insulation aluminum foil, heat exchanger
1 199 electrolytic capacitor foil, optical reflection deposition film
1350 wires, conductive stranded wires, buses and transformer belts
20 1 1 requires screws and machined products with good cutting performance.
20 14 is suitable for occasions requiring high strength and hardness (including high temperature). Aircraft heavy-duty, forgings, thick plates and extruded materials, wheels and structural components, first-stage fuel tanks for multi-stage rockets and spacecraft components, truck frames and suspension system components.
20 17 is the first 2XXX alloy used in industry. At present, its application scope is narrow, mainly including rivets, general mechanical parts, structural parts of structures and transport vehicles, propellers and accessories.
Aircraft structures, rivets, missile parts, truck hubs, propeller parts and other structural parts.
2036 Automobile Body Sheet Metal Parts
Structural parts and weapon structural parts of 2048 aerospace vehicle
2 124 aerospace structure
Piston of 22 18 aircraft engine and diesel engine, cylinder head of aircraft engine, impeller and compressor ring of jet engine.
22 19 space rocket welded oxidizer tank, supersonic aircraft skin, structural parts, working temperature -270~300 degrees celsius. Good weldability, high fracture toughness and high stress corrosion cracking resistance in T8 state.
23 19 alloy covered electrode and filler solder for welding and drawing.
26 18 die forgings and free forgings. Piston and aero-engine parts
2A0 1 Structural rivet with working temperature less than or equal to 100℃.
Axial compressor blade 2A02 of turbojet engine operating at 200~300℃.
2A06 aircraft structure with working temperature of 150~250℃ and rivets for aircraft structure with working temperature of 125~250℃.
The strength of 2A 10 is higher than that of 2A0 1 alloy, and it is used to manufacture aircraft structural rivets with working temperature less than or equal to 100 degrees Celsius.
2A 1 1 Medium strength structural members, propeller blades, building structural members of vehicles and airplanes. Medium strength bolts and rivets for aircraft
2A 12 Aircraft skins, partitions, ribs, beams and rivets. Structural parts of buildings and transport vehicles.
2A 14 Free forgings and die forgings with complex shapes
2A 16 Spacecraft components working at 250~300 degrees Celsius, welded containers and airtight cabins working at room temperature and high temperature.
2A 17 Aircraft parts with working temperature of 225~250℃.
2A50 Medium Strength Parts with Complicated Shapes
2A60 aero-engine compressor impeller, guide wheel, fan, impeller, etc.
2A70 aircraft skin, aircraft engine piston, guide wheel, wheel disc, etc.
2A80 aero-engine compressor blades, impellers, pistons, expansion rings and other parts with high working temperature.
2A90 aero-engine piston
3003 is used to process parts and components that require good formability, high corrosion resistance and good weldability, or work that requires both these properties and higher strength than 1XXX alloy, such as kitchen utensils, food and chemical products processing and storage devices, tanks and tanks for transporting liquid products, and various pressure vessels and pipelines processed with thin plates.
The tank body of 3004 all-aluminum tank requires parts with higher strength than 3003 alloy, chemical products production and storage equipment, sheet metal processing parts, building processing parts, building tools and various lamps and lanterns parts.
3 105 room partition, baffle, movable roof board, downpipe, plate molding parts, bottle caps, bottle stoppers, etc.
3A2 1 Aircraft fuel tank, oil gallery, rivet line, etc. Building materials and food and other industrial equipment.
Similar to 3003 alloy, 5005 has medium strength and good corrosion resistance. Used as conductor, cooker, dashboard, shell and architectural decoration. The anodic oxide film is brighter than the oxide film on 3003 alloy, which is in harmony with the color tone of 6063 alloy.
5050 sheet can be used as refrigerator and freezer lining, automobile air duct, oil pipe and agricultural irrigation pipe; It can also process thick plates, pipes, bars, special-shaped materials and wires.
5052 This alloy has good formability, corrosion resistance, candlelight, fatigue strength and moderate static strength, and can be used to manufacture aircraft fuel tanks and oil pipes, as well as sheet metal parts, meters, street lamp brackets and rivets, hardware products, etc. of traffic vehicles and ships.
5056 magnesium alloy and cable sheath rivet, zipper, nail, etc. Aluminum clad wire is widely used in processing agricultural insect traps and other occasions requiring high corrosion resistance.
5083 is used in places that need high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as welding parts of ships, automobiles and aircraft plates; Pressure vessel, refrigeration device, TV tower, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile parts, armor, etc. Strict fire prevention measures are needed.
5086 is used in places that need high corrosion resistance, good weldability and moderate strength, such as ships, automobiles, airplanes, cryogenic equipment, TV towers, drilling rigs, transportation equipment, missile parts and decks.
5 154 Welded structures, storage tanks, pressure vessels, ship structures and offshore facilities, and transport tanks.
5 182 plate is used to process cans, automobile body panels, steering wheels, reinforcements, brackets and other parts.
5252 is used to manufacture high-strength decorative parts, such as automobile decorative parts. After anodic oxidation, it has a bright and transparent oxide film.
5254 containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products
5356 Welding Al-Mg alloy covered electrode and welding wire with magnesium content greater than 3%
Welding structures, pressure vessels and pipelines of 5454 offshore facilities.
5456 steel plate, high-strength welded structure, storage tank, pressure vessel and ship material.
5457 Decorative parts of automobiles and other equipment that have been polished and anodized.
5652 Storage containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products
5657 Decorative parts of automobiles and other equipment that have been polished and anodized, but in any case, it is necessary to ensure that the materials have a fine grain structure.
5A02 aircraft fuel tank and conduit, welding wire, rivet, ship structural parts.
The strength welded structure, cold stamping parts, welding container and welding wire in 5A03 can be used to replace 5A02 alloy.
5A05 welded structural parts, aircraft skin skeleton
5A06 welded structure, cold die forgings, welded container stress parts, aircraft skin bone parts.
5A 12 welded structural parts, bulletproof deck
6005 extruded profiles and pipes are used for structural components that require strength and height greater than 6063 alloy, such as ladders and TV antennas.
6009 automobile body panel
60 10 table: automobile body
606 1 requires various industrial structures to have certain strength, high weldability and corrosion resistance, such as pipes, rods, profiles and plates used for manufacturing trucks, tower buildings, ships, trams, furniture, mechanical parts and precision machining.
Building profiles, irrigation pipes and extruded materials for vehicles, benches, furniture and fences.
Extrusion materials for 6066 forgings and welded structures
6070 Heavy-duty welded structures, extrusion materials and pipes for automobile industry
6 10 1 High-strength bars, conductors, heat dissipation equipment, etc. for passenger cars.
6 15 1 is used for die forging crankshaft parts, machine parts and production rolling rings, which requires good malleability, high strength and good corrosion resistance.
620 1 high strength conductive rod and wire
6205 thick plate, pedal and high impact extrusion
6262 is a threaded high stress part, and its corrosion resistance is better than that of 20 1 1 and 20 17 alloys.
635 1 Extruded structural parts of vehicles, pipes for water and oil, etc.
6463 profiles of buildings and various electrical appliances, as well as automotive decorative parts with bright surfaces after anodic oxidation treatment.
6A02 Aircraft engine parts, forgings and die forgings with complex shapes.
7005 extrusion material is used to manufacture welded structures with high strength and fracture toughness, such as trusses, bars and containers of transport vehicles; Large heat exchangers, and parts that cannot be solid-solution treated after welding; It can also be used to make sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and softball bats.
7039 refrigerated containers, cryogenic instruments and storage boxes, fire-fighting pressure equipment, military equipment, armor plates and missile devices.
7049 is used for forging parts which have the same static strength as 7079-T6 alloy and require high stress corrosion cracking resistance, such as aircraft and missile parts-landing gear hydraulic cylinders and extrusions. The fatigue performance of the parts is almost the same as that of 7075-T6 alloy, but the toughness is slightly higher.
Plates, extrusions, free forgings and die forgings of 7050 aircraft structural parts. The requirements of alloy for manufacturing such parts are: high spalling corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking ability, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.
Aluminum foil and ultra-thin strip of 7072 air conditioner; Cladding of 22 19, 3003, 3004, 5050, 5052, 5 154, 606 1, 7075, 7475, 7 178 alloy plates and tubes.
7075 is used to manufacture aircraft structures and futures. He requires high-stress structural parts and molds to have high strength and strong corrosion resistance.
7 175 is used for forging high-strength structures of aircraft. T736 material has good comprehensive properties, namely, high strength, spalling corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue strength.
7 178 is used to manufacture high compression yield strength parts of aerospace vehicles.
Aluminum clad and non-aluminum clad plates, wing frames, longitudinal beams, etc. For the 7475 fuselage. Other parts with high strength and fracture toughness.
7A04 aircraft skin, screws and stress parts, such as girders, frames, ribs, landing gear, etc.
Country and code of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy
1. range
This standard specifies the status code of deformed aluminum alloy.
This standard is applicable to aluminum and aluminum processed products.
2. Basic principles
2. 1 The basic status code is expressed in English capital letters.
2.2 The subdivision status code is represented by the basic status code followed by one or more Arabic numerals.
2.3 basic status code
There are five basic states.
Description and application of code name
F the free machining state is applicable to products with special requirements for work hardening and heat treatment conditions during molding, and the mechanical properties of products in this state are not specified.
O annealing state is suitable for the processed products with the lowest strength after complete annealing.
H Work hardening state is suitable for products whose strength is improved by work hardening. After work hardening, the product may (or may not) undergo additional heat treatment to reduce its strength.
W Solution heat treatment state The treatment state is an unstable state, which is only applicable to alloys naturally aged at room temperature after solution heat treatment. This status code only indicates that the product is in the natural aging stage.
T Heat treatment state (different from F, O, H state) is suitable for stable products after heat treatment, with or without work hardening. T code must be followed by one or more Arabic numerals.
A high alloy steel resistant to air or chemical corrosive medium. Stainless steel is a kind of steel with beautiful surface and good corrosion resistance. It does not need surface treatment, such as color electroplating, but exerts its inherent surface properties. It is widely used and is usually called stainless steel. High alloy steels such as 13 Cr steel and 18-8 Cr-Ni steel are its representative properties.
From the metallographic point of view, because stainless steel contains chromium, a very thin chromium film is formed on the surface, which isolates the oxygen invading the steel and plays a role in corrosion resistance.
In order to maintain the inherent corrosion resistance of stainless steel, steel must contain more than 12% chromium.
304 is a general-purpose stainless steel, which is widely used to manufacture equipment and parts that require good comprehensive performance (corrosion resistance and formability).
304 stainless steel is a stainless steel brand produced according to American ASTM standard. 304 is equivalent to domestic 0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9) stainless steel. 304 contains 19% chromium and 9% nickel.
304 is the most widely used stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Used in food production equipment, chemical equipment, nuclear energy, etc.
Chemical composition of 304 stainless steel
Specification C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Ni and Mo
sus 43 1≤0.08≤ 1.00≤2.00≤0.05≤0.03 18.00-20.00 8.25 ~ 10.50-
304 is 1Cr 18Ni9.
The mechanism of stainless steel rust prevention is that alloy elements form a dense oxide film to isolate oxygen contact and prevent further oxidation. So stainless steel is not "stainless".
304 material rust reasons are as follows:
1. Chloride ion exists in the use environment.
Chloride ion exists widely, such as salt, sweat, seawater, sea breeze, soil and so on. In the presence of chloride ion, stainless steel corrodes quickly, even exceeding ordinary low carbon steel.
Therefore, there is a requirement for the use environment of stainless steel, which needs to be wiped frequently to remove dust and keep it clean and dry. (This will give him a "misuse". )
There is an example in the United States: an enterprise uses oak containers to hold solutions containing chloride ions. The container has been used for nearly a hundred years, and it was planned to be replaced in the 1990s. Because the oak material is not modern enough and stainless steel is used, the container leaked due to corrosion 65,438+06 days after replacement.
2. Without solid solution treatment.
The alloy elements are not dissolved in the matrix, which leads to low alloy content and poor corrosion resistance in the matrix.
3. This material without titanium and niobium has a natural tendency of intergranular corrosion.
Adding titanium and niobium and stabilizing treatment can reduce intergranular corrosion.
3 16 is a kind of stainless steel containing molybdenum. At high temperature, when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than 15% and higher than 85%, 3 16 stainless steel has a wide range of applications. 3 16 stainless steel also has good chloride corrosion resistance.
The maximum carbon content of 3 16L stainless steel is 0.03, which can be used in applications where annealing after welding is not possible and maximum corrosion resistance is required.
corrosion resistance
The corrosion resistance is better than that of 304 stainless steel, and it has good corrosion resistance in pulp and paper production. Moreover, 3 16 stainless steel is also resistant to corrosion by ocean and corrosive industrial atmosphere.
heat resistance
3 16 stainless steel has good oxidation resistance in intermittent use below 1600 degrees and continuous use below 1700 degrees. In the range of 800- 1575 degrees, it is best not to act on 3 16 stainless steel continuously, but when it is used continuously outside this temperature range, the heat resistance of stainless steel is better. The carbide precipitation resistance of 3 16L stainless steel is better than that of 3 16 stainless steel, and all the above temperature ranges can be used.
The difference between cold rolling and hot rolling;
Room temperature rolling is generally understood as cold rolling. From the metallographic point of view, rolling below crystallization temperature is cold rolling.
Hot rolling, using slab (mainly continuous casting slab) as raw material, after heating, it is made into strip steel by roughing mill and finishing mill. The hot steel strip from the last finishing mill is cooled to the set temperature by laminar flow and coiled into a steel strip coil by a coiler. According to the different needs of users, the cooled steel strip coil is treated with different finishing lines (leveling, straightening, transverse cutting or longitudinal cutting, inspection, weighing, packaging, marking, etc.). ) become steel plate, flat coil and longitudinal shear steel strip products.
Cold rolling: the hot rolled steel coil is used as raw material, and then the oxide scale is removed by pickling, and the finished product is hard rolled steel coil. Because of the cold work hardening caused by continuous cold deformation, the strength and hardness of hard rolled coil increase, and the toughness and plasticity index decrease, so the stamping performance will deteriorate and it can only be used for simple deformed parts. Because all hot dip galvanizing units are equipped with annealing units, hot rolled steel coils can be used as raw materials for hot dip galvanizing units. The weight of hard rolled coil is generally 6~ 13.5 tons, and the hot rolled pickling coil is continuously rolled at room temperature. The inner diameter is 6 10 mm.
Product features: Because it has not been annealed, its hardness is very high (HRB is greater than 90) and its machinability is very poor. It can simply bend less than 90 degrees (perpendicular to the winding direction).
Simply put, a billet is heated (that is, a red and hot steel block burned on TV), rolled several times, and then trimmed and corrected into a steel plate. This is called hot rolling.
Cold rolling is based on hot rolled coil, which is generally a process of hot rolling-pickling-cold rolling. Cold rolling is a hot rolled sheet at room temperature. Although rolling also increases the temperature of the plate during processing, it is still called cold rolling.
Due to continuous cold deformation during hot rolling, the mechanical properties are poor and the hardness is too high. It must be annealed to restore its mechanical properties, and those that are not annealed are called hard rolls.
Hard coil plate is generally used to make products that do not need to be bent or stretched, and the thickness is lucky to be bent on two sides or four sides below 1.0.
The PH value of soy sauce is higher than that of vinegar, and it is alkaline in the brewing process of soy sauce. 3 16L stainless steel is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, which is the cause of decay.
There is no difference between the newly cut rolled plate and the finished plate.
Finishing:
There are many kinds of aluminum alloys. . The density is different. Can't write. It is divided into hard aluminum, forged aluminum, superhard aluminum and special aluminum alloy. Look for the above information.
304 stainless steel contains 19% chromium and 9% nickel, which is the most widely used stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Used in food production equipment, chemical equipment, nuclear energy, etc.
The mechanism of stainless steel rust prevention is that alloy elements form a dense oxide film to isolate oxygen contact and prevent further oxidation. So stainless steel is not "stainless".
304 material rust reasons are as follows:
1. Chloride ion exists in the use environment.
Chloride ion exists widely, such as salt, sweat, seawater, sea breeze, soil and so on. In the presence of chloride ion, stainless steel corrodes quickly, even exceeding ordinary low carbon steel.
Therefore, there is a requirement for the use environment of stainless steel, which needs to be wiped frequently to remove dust and keep it clean and dry. (This will give him a "misuse". )
There is an example in the United States: an enterprise uses oak containers to hold solutions containing chloride ions. The container has been used for nearly a hundred years, and it was planned to be replaced in the 1990s. Because the oak material is not modern enough and stainless steel is used, the container leaked due to corrosion 65,438+06 days after replacement.
3 16 is a kind of stainless steel containing molybdenum. At high temperature, when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than 15% and higher than 85%, 3 16 stainless steel has a wide range of applications. 3 16 stainless steel also has good chloride corrosion resistance.
The maximum carbon content of 3 16L stainless steel is 0.03, which can be used in applications where annealing after welding is not possible and maximum corrosion resistance is required.
corrosion resistance
The corrosion resistance is better than that of 304 stainless steel, and it has good corrosion resistance in pulp and paper production. Moreover, 3 16 stainless steel is also resistant to corrosion by ocean and corrosive industrial atmosphere.
heat resistance
3 16 stainless steel has good oxidation resistance in intermittent use below 1600 degrees and continuous use below 1700 degrees. In the range of 800- 1575 degrees, it is best not to act on 3 16 stainless steel continuously, but when it is used continuously outside this temperature range, the heat resistance of stainless steel is better. The carbide precipitation resistance of 3 16L stainless steel is better than that of 3 16 stainless steel, and all the above temperature ranges can be used.