"Family farm" is also an exotic product, which originated in Europe and America. Family farms in America, Australia and New Zealand have a long history. In 20 13, the concept of "family farm" appeared for the first time in the No.1 document of the Central Committee, which encouraged and supported the transfer of land contracted by farmers to family farms, solved the problem of rural abandonment, and promoted the popularization of agricultural equipment and the development of moderate scale management.
Rural development can never be separated from agriculture, but also from people, money, land and technology. At present, young and strong rural laborers go out to work, leaving behind old people, children and women. The grass in the field is higher than that of people, and the investment in agricultural technology and equipment is large, resulting in less precipitation. These are unavoidable realities. A traditional village next to the market town where the township government is located has a population of 1.509 in 2020 and a labor force of 842 (male 45 1, female 39 1), among which 1.63 of 580 poor households work outside the home, and young people and students are rarely seen in the village. It has been discussed for some time that poor households are "lazy", which is an objective phenomenon, but it is not a universal phenomenon. Even a banker who grew up under the grass does not necessarily represent the laziness of that family. Think of a 60-year-old farmer whose children have gone out to work. He takes care of his grandchildren at home, sends his students to school, takes care of them and cultivates the land. He doesn't want to spend money on herbicides or just want to eat less himself so that he can work in the fields every day. In the city, many people in their sixties and seventies are playing chess with cattail leaf fans in the street.
Since the Revolution of 1911, China has explored cooperatives. 1918 In July, Peking University established the "Peking University Consumer Commune" (the earliest cooperative in China, the consumer cooperative); 19 19, Shanghai Fudan university established "Shanghai National Cooperative Savings Bank" (the earliest credit cooperative in China); 1920, Changsha established "Hunan Datong Cooperative" (the earliest production cooperative in China); 1922 set up Anyuan road and mine workers' consumption cooperative (the earliest cooperative led by * * * producers); 1923 rural credit cooperatives were established in Hebei. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, mutual aid groups, primary cooperatives and advanced cooperatives were organized successively, and they soon entered the people's commune. People's communes are both economic organizations and social organizations. It is both a production organization and a consumption organization. After the reform and opening up, China engaged in a socialist market economy and people's communes disintegrated. After the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives was passed in 2006, farmers' specialized cooperatives have developed rapidly, but there are also many problems such as dormant cooperatives, small-scale cooperatives, investors' cooperatives, and just defrauding financial subsidies, and there are also problems in the labor productivity of cooperatives. The problem is caused by the transfer of family labor. The original household contract can't solve the problem, but three major problems should be solved: poor cultivated land, improving labor productivity and food security. At present, among large professional households, family farms, cooperatives and leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, family farms have well solved the trust problem of land circulation, the concern about the influence of industrial and commercial capital on farmers' interests, the cooperatives defrauding financial funds, and the individuality of large professional households. 20 13 after the central document No.1, the family farm
The family farm I understand is a market subject that makes full use of family labor resources, integrates land, capital and technical elements, determines the scale and operates comprehensively. Take five examples. The first family man named Cao is repairing trucks in the market town. He said, "I am too old and physically strong to repair the truck." I want to leave myself an industry that can support the elderly. " While repairing the car, we planted grapes, plums, kiwis and pigs in the mountains and land contracted by our parents and parents-in-law, and crossed with wild grapes to study the grapes that are more suitable for local wine making. The three families went into battle together and opened a farmhouse in their own farmyard. Every year, experts were invited to teach farming techniques, and they often went to Anhui, Jiangsu and other places to study and make small videos to recommend themselves.
The second example is that the husband and wife work together. Both of them don't study much and rarely take part in training, but they like to ponder and observe what people around them do, and insist on raising healthy pigs, goats and chickens. People are honest and frank, outspoken, like to help others, and their own abacus is very loud, and they are very smart. On the main road leading to the market town, there are billboards, and people in Shili Baxiang are very famous. They often use social software to promote their products. Hard-working family, get up early and get greedy for the dark, and his children are also diligent and eager to learn. Daughter was admitted to the best local high school, which, in his own words, was much better than her father.
The third example is somewhat similar to the first one. A convenience store opened in the market town, mainly selling non-staple food, vegetables and fruits, condiments and so on. Husband and wife run it, and raise chickens, pigs and grapes in their hometown. Mother helps to take care of children and the elderly, and father helps to take care of poultry and livestock, epidemic prevention, feed allocation and so on. He gets up at three o'clock every day and goes to the wholesale market to buy food. He said that only in this way can we keep the freshness and ensure that the price is better than others. He closed the door at about 10 in the evening after taking a nap at noon to deliver food to the rural red and white wedding team. He sells his own grapes in his shop.
The fourth example is quite special, with or without family farms and with or without large families. He is still a bachelor. He used to be a decorator in Beijing, but now he comes back to build a greenhouse and grow strawberries. People stubbornly love technology, pursue organic cultivation and have strict requirements on quality. If they are a little dissatisfied, they won't sell it. This is why he often composts a shed of strawberries. For four years, I didn't make any money in the first two years. The money earned from the original decoration was posted inside. In the third year, he made ends meet. He asked the villagers around him to help take care of strawberries, and then used his own agricultural machinery to help others cultivate land.
The fifth example is very special, because it involves many 985 university graduates, who organically combine agriculture and financial markets, and their research on economic laws and national policies has surpassed most agricultural practitioners, even grass-roots government departments. The family man surnamed Tan is mainly engaged in the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, pig breeding and sales, and the stock trading is futures. He studied economics himself, but he is an expert in sow delivery, epidemic prevention, disease treatment and pig farm design. The farm uses the old houses in the countryside to transform and sell them everywhere, not retail. Sows can sleep there during childbirth, with folding beds, day and night, and don't eat. Parents also help to take care of daily life. In particular, his breeding scale refers to the stock market and the pig cycle. He believes that pork is the largest meat consumption market in China, which has the greatest impact on CPI. The state's tolerance for CPI anticipates the state's regulation of the pork market. When the stock of pig enterprises reaches the peak, they will greatly reduce or even stop breeding, and when it is low, they will start buying sows to resume breeding. He thinks that the third-generation piglets born after the second generation of local black pigs mated with white pigs such as Shylock have better meat quality than black pigs, so they will enter the stock market first and sell them at the rapid rising stage.
Killing pigs and stabbing ass have their own knife methods. They are all practicing in the direction of family farms and making a fortune. Today's agricultural problems can only be solved in development, and we can't go back. We should encourage the exploration of agricultural organization forms that meet the requirements of productive forces. Today, the agricultural productivity in the United States still supports this family farm model, which shows that with the advantage of backwardness, there is still a lot of room for the development of family farms in China. If cooperatives are organized by these family farms, they may solve many problems in agriculture at present. By strengthening their service functions, expanding the use of technology popularization, agricultural machinery and agricultural information technology, they can better guide agricultural production with economic theory and market rules, and give full play to the wisdom of all kinds of agricultural talents.