101October 2 1 day, the informal meeting of APEC leaders was successfully concluded in Shanghai. The meeting adopted four documents: APEC Leaders' Declaration: Meeting New Challenges in the New Century, Shanghai Knowledge, Digital APEC Strategy and Anti-terrorism Statement.
Shanghai Knowledge, which aims to promote the process of trade and investment liberalization in the Asia-Pacific region, has put forward a unilateral action plan and set.
New methods and concepts of sports action plan. To further embody the principle of voluntariness, the Unilateral Action Plan for Trade and Investment Liberalization put forward the "Pioneer Initiative", encouraging some members to take the lead in implementing specific actions for trade and investment liberalization, and urging other members to follow suit.
APEC members have formulated the strategy of Digital APEC, and put forward measures such as establishing a good macroeconomic policy framework, deepening system reform, creating an effective competition mechanism, improving financial supervision, corporate governance and risk management, establishing an efficient venture capital market, improving the legal system of intellectual property rights, increasing the transparency of decision-making process and the flexibility of the labor market, and formulating targeted social policies.
After 15 years of hard negotiations, China's accession to the WTO has finally become a reality.
165438+ 10/0, China's accession to the WTO was approved at the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization held in Doha, Qatar. 65438+February 1 1, China officially became a member of the World Trade Organization. After 15 years of hard negotiations, China's accession to the WTO finally became a reality.
The commitments made by China after its accession to the World Trade Organization include reducing the average tariff level from 15% to10% within five years; In reducing and eliminating non-tariff barriers, all 400 import quotas will be abolished; In agriculture, the average tariff of agricultural products will be reduced from 2 1% to 17%, and most agricultural products will be imported without quantitative restrictions and subject to a single tariff; In the service industry, the banking, insurance, tourism, securities, law, accounting, medical care and telecommunications markets will be gradually opened.
WTO rules encourage competition, and it must be orderly competition. Its basic requirement is to establish a unified market, which requires a unified economic policy and a unified economic system. China will enjoy the fruits of trade liberalization promoted by the multilateral trading system for many years, and enjoy multilateral, stable and unconditional MFN treatment, which will help China's goods enter the international market. At the same time, the meeting adopted a resolution to start new multilateral trade negotiations.
The world economic downturn has intensified, and the EU has suffered greatly.
From the beginning of the year to the end of the year, the EU's economic growth rate has been declining. In the first half of 200012000, due to the food crisis such as mad cow disease and foot-and-mouth disease and the rising oil price, the prices of food and energy rose sharply. In the second half of the year, under the cloud of the "9. 1 1" terrorist incident in the United States, with the intensification of the world economic downturn, the EU economy suffered heavy losses and began to cool sharply.
The EU's economic growth rate in 2000 was as high as 3.5%. Therefore, at the beginning of 200 1, the economic circles were generally optimistic about the EU's economy this year, and the forecast was quite "optimistic". However, unexpected things have happened. The deterioration of the international economic environment and the influence of several accidents have not fundamentally deviated the European economic ship, but the sailing speed has obviously slowed down. According to the prediction of the European Commission, due to the gloomy world economic situation in 20001and 2002, the EU economy will be on the track of low growth. The European Commission pointed out that the EU's economic growth rate will be 1.7% in 2006 and 5438+0.4% in 2002, which is the lowest level since the economic recession in the early 1990s.
200 1 The main reasons for the economic slowdown in the European Union are as follows: First, the American economy continues to slump, the bubbles in the fields of communication and information technology burst, the growth of world trade stagnated, and the overall world economy slowed down. The most direct consequence of "9. 1 1" incident is the increase of transportation and insurance costs, which leads to the decline of international trade, the decrease of enterprise investment, the weakening of household consumption and the insecurity and instability of global economic activities. As an important economy in the world, the European Union cannot be immune to the overall slowdown of the world economy.
Latin America's economy is turbulent and changeable, and its economic growth is not as good as before.
The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, headquartered in Santiago, Chile, recently released its 20001annual report, announcing that the Latin American economy grew by only 0.5% in 20001year, far lower than the 4% in 2000.
The report pointed out that the reversal of Latin American economy in 200 1 was mainly caused by the slowdown of economic growth in the world's major economic powers, such as the United States, the weak growth in the international consumer market and the continued financial turmoil in Argentina. The report shows that the economic growth rates of Dominica, Chile, Venezuela and Honduras in 200 1 year are 3%, 3%, 2.8% and 2.5% respectively; The economies of Argentina, Uruguay, Panama, Peru and Mexico decreased by 3.8%, 2.5%, 0.5%, 0.5% and 0. 1% respectively.
According to the preliminary statistics released by ECLAC, the total trade volume of goods and services in Latin American countries in 20001year was $805 1 billion, down 2.39% from $824.8 billion in the previous year. Among them, the import value was $413.7 billion, down1.29% from $4 19 10 billion in the previous year; The export volume was $3,965,438+$400 million, down 3.52% from the previous year's $405.7 billion. Due to the obvious decrease in export income, the balance of payments deficit in Latin America in 20001year has reached 53 billion US dollars.
The report shows that in 200 1 year, the foreign direct investment absorbed by Latin American countries dropped to 58.3 billion US dollars. 1999 and foreign direct investment in 2000 were $77 billion and $64.8 billion respectively.
Export reduction and recovery are difficult, and the economic prospects in Asia are bleak.
200 1 Affected by the simultaneous economic cooling of the United States, Japan and Europe and the sharp drop in international demand for electronic products, the export-oriented Asian economy began to decline sharply. The terrorist attacks in September 1 1 made the Asian economy worse. Some countries began to fall into or slide into recession, and the Asian economy once again entered the darkest night since the 1997 financial crisis.
Affected by the weakening demand of major economies such as the United States, Japan and Europe and the decline in world trade, the exports of Asian countries and regions have fallen sharply. Since the beginning of this year, the continued depreciation of the yen has also brought tremendous pressure to the exports of emerging Asian countries and regions. According to the forecast released by the Asian Development Bank in June 5438+065438+ 10, the export growth rate of developing countries and regions in Asia will drop from 20.8% last year to minus 5%, while the export of emerging countries in Southeast Asia will drop to minus 5.3%.
Due to the sharp decline in exports, the economic growth rate of developing countries and regions in Asia has also generally declined. In the first three quarters of this year, the average GDP growth rate of South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand was only 2.5%, while China, Taiwan Province Province of China and Singapore all fell into recession. According to the recent forecast of the Asian Development Bank, the average economic growth rate of developing countries and regions in Asia will drop from 7% in the previous year to 3.4% in 20001year. The internal political turmoil in Indonesia and the Philippines and the rise of terrorist activities in Southeast Asia have also aggravated the financial market turmoil in this region, resulting in a sharp drop in the stock market, a serious decline in assets, frustrated investor confidence and a large-scale withdrawal of foreign capital from this region, thus affecting the economic development of this region.
Global stock markets generally plunged, and consumer confidence fell to a low point.
In the history of world financial development, 200 1 will undoubtedly leave a heavy sum. As investors bid farewell to the longest boom in American history, the dream of wealth brought about by the skyrocketing stock market was completely shattered.
Global stock markets generally fell sharply and the turmoil intensified. In March, the new york stock market suffered heavy losses, with the Dow falling below 1000 and the Nasdaq falling below 2000. Since then, it has experienced repeated declines and rises, and by the end of 200 1, the decline has not been recovered. According to the Wilshire 5000 Index, the wealth of Americans has dropped by nearly 1/3 from the high point in early 2000, which is about $6 trillion. The global stock market lost nearly 10 trillion dollars.
After the "September 1 1" incident, the stock markets in the United States, Europe and Japan generally fell by as much as 20%-30% in half a month, facing the danger of collapse. Due to the rapid measures taken by western central banks headed by the Federal Reserve, the downward trend of the stock market has been curbed. However, due to the rebound of the US stock market, the global economic situation has not improved significantly, and the current global stock market, especially the US stock market, has seriously deviated from the economic fundamentals. After the "9. 1 1" incident, investors' risk awareness has increased, and people no longer regard the stock market as a never-ending "money stealing machine".
Oil prices fluctuate greatly, and countries promise to limit production and protect prices.
With the strong east wind last year, the international oil price remained high at 200 1. However, after the "9. 1 1" incident, the oil price first soared and then plummeted, and the international oil market showed a turbulent situation.
After the "9. 1 1" incident, the price of crude oil once soared to $29 per barrel, and the futures price of Brent crude oil in the North Sea of London International Crude Oil Exchange soared to more than $30 per barrel, with a peak value of $365,438+$0.05 per barrel. Then the oil price dropped rapidly, falling below the $20 mark at the end of September, and the crude oil price fell below $0/7 per barrel in mid-February.
The lack of sufficient cooperation and tacit understanding between OPEC and non-OPEC oil producers is another important factor causing oil price volatility.
Even when the oil price falls below the bottom line, the oil-producing countries still proceed from their own interests, instead of Qi Xin's concerted efforts to reduce production and protect prices. On the contrary, some countries are still competing to produce, trying to keep their market share, thus aggravating the chaos in the oil market. In order to stabilize the price of crude oil in the international market, the oil ministers of the member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries held an emergency meeting on February 28th, and decided that the member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries would cut oil production by 6,543,800+0.5 million barrels in the first six months of next year.
On February 5th, 65438, the Russian government publicly announced that since 20021October 6th, Russia will reduce the daily crude oil output by150,000 barrels. In addition, Mexico, Norway and other non-OPEC oil-producing countries will also contribute to limiting production and protecting prices according to their respective commitments.
Global economic performance is weak, and China's economy is developing healthily.
200 1 is the first year of China's tenth five-year plan. The gross domestic product was 9645 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year.
In recent years, China has maintained a sustained, rapid and healthy economic development momentum. 19 century, it took Britain almost 100 years to increase the per capita national income by 2.5 times; From 1870 to 1930, it took the United States 60 years, and the per capita national income increased by 3.5 times; From 1950 to 1975, it took Japan 25 years to increase its per capita national income sixfold. From 1979 to 1999, it only took China 20 years, and the per capita national income increased seven times, creating a miracle in the history of human economic development.
Although the world economic growth has obviously slowed down, China's economy has maintained a good momentum of development. The economic situation in China is good in five aspects: 1. Maintain comprehensive and rapid growth. While the national economy is growing by more than 7%, the primary, secondary and tertiary industries are growing in an all-round way, and market prices are relatively stable. 2. Maintain relatively stable growth. In recent two years, China's economic fluctuation did not exceed 1.5 percentage points. 3. Economic restructuring has achieved remarkable results, and the quality of economic operation has improved. In the first three quarters of this year, the foreign trade surplus was $654.38+03.6 billion, and the foreign direct investment increased by 20.7%. 5. Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games, the signing of the protocol of China's accession to the WTO, and the gradual implementation of specific projects for the development of the western region.
The American economy has ended its growth, and it is difficult for the global economy to recover.
Since the beginning of this year, affected by the continuous slowdown of the American economy, the economies of major countries and regions in the world have generally shown a continuous downward trend, and the world economic growth has slowed down significantly. After the "9. 1 1" terrorist attack, the American economy turned from deceleration to negative growth, and the world economy declined. While the American economy continues to slow down, the Japanese economy is in recession and the European Union economy is also in stagnation. According to the latest forecast of the International Monetary Fund, the world economic growth in 20001year is expected to be only 2.4%, which is not only far lower than the 4.7% when the world economic growth reached its cyclical peak in 2000, but also lower than the 2.8% when the Asian financial crisis 1998 was at its low point, which is the lowest level in more than a decade. Among them, the economic growth of developed countries is expected to drop from 3.8% in 2000 to 1.0% this year, and the economic growth of the United States, Japan and Europe will drop from 4. 1% in 2000, 1.5% and 3.4% in 2006 to/kloc-0.
With the global economic downturn, the Russian economy has become a bright spot.
When the global economy is depressed, the Russian economy has become the object of global concern.
First of all, in 200 1 year, GDP and domestic investment are expected to increase by 5.5% and 8% respectively, and residents' wages and real income will increase by 20% and 6.5% respectively. In the first month of 200 1, Russia's industrial output value increased by 5.2% compared with the same period in 2000. In addition, Russian agricultural production continues to maintain the growth momentum, and this year's grain output is expected to reach 83 million tons, an increase of 28% over last year.
It is worth noting that due to the rise in oil prices in the previous two years, Russia's foreign exchange income has increased and a large number of debts have been repaid. 1999 during the financial crisis, Russian national debt was as high as 140% of GDP. In 20001year, Russia paid off its foreign debt of $654.38+0.37 billion, and gradually became a country with normal debt level. By the end of the year, the total national debt will account for 55% of GDP. Russian officials believe that this is already an "acceptable" debt ratio even for developed countries.
In terms of foreign trade, Russia's foreign exchange reserves increased by $654.38+0 billion, although imports increased in the 654.38+00 months before 2006. At the same time, Russian national tax revenue increased by 50% compared with the same period in 2000, and the federal budget revenue exceeded the annual plan.
Japan's economy continues to be sluggish, and the depreciation of the yen is difficult to reverse.
Since 200 1, all walks of life in Japan are generally worried about the economic prospects, and the economic data released almost every quarter is the bad news of Japan's sustained negative GDP growth. This year, Japan's economy fell into the third recession in 10 years, and was heading for a crisis step by step: economic downturn, stock market crash, sharp increase in unemployment and financial instability. It has been ten years since Japan's bubble economy collapsed, but the economy has been hovering at the bottom.
Although the Japanese government has taken a series of measures to relax financial control to stimulate economic recovery, it has no effect. Now, the Japanese government takes the depreciation of the yen as the last resort, hoping to enhance the price competitiveness of Japanese export products through the depreciation of the yen, stimulate exports, and thus increase import prices, so as to curb the continuous decline of domestic prices and the further deterioration of the economic downturn.
The predicament of Japanese economy has attracted the attention of economists all over the world. They suggested that the Central Bank of Japan adopt a loose monetary policy to increase the domestic inflation rate and enable the Japanese economy to recover. The Bank of Japan has also taken measures such as cutting interest rates and increasing money supply, but the effect is not great.