Basic theory test questions of economics

Short answer:

1, labor commodity value 105

A: The labor ability of labor poets is the sum of physical strength and intelligence used by people in the process of labor. The value of the labor force includes three aspects, 1, and the means of subsistence necessary to maintain the normal life of the workers themselves. 2. The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the children of goat laborers to ensure the supplement and continuation of the labor force. 3, staff education and training expenses, in order to meet the needs of the continuous development of production and science and technology. In addition, the value determination of labor force also contains historical and moral factors.

2. Law of currency circulation 12 1

A: The law that determines the amount of money needed for circulation in a certain period is the law of money circulation. The amount of money needed for circulation in a certain period depends on three factors, 1 and the total sales of goods. 2. Commodity price level. 3, the unit currency circulation speed. The relationship between them is expressed by the formula: the amount of money needed in circulation = the total sales of goods * the price level of goods/the circulation speed of unit money. The amount of money needed in circulation = the total price of goods to be sold/the circulation speed of unit currency.

3. Profit factor 137

A: After the surplus value is converted into profit, the surplus value rate is also converted into profit rate. The ratio of surplus value to total prepaid capital is the profit rate. The factors that determine the profit rate are: 1, and the level of surplus value rate. 2. The organic composition of capital. 3. Capital turnover rate. 4. Saving of constant capital.

3. Average profit rate and production price?

A: The average profit rate is the profit rate calculated according to the total social capital, followed by the ratio of the total social surplus value to the total social capital. With the formation of the average profit rate, profits are transformed into average profits, and the value of commodities is transformed into production prices. Production price and cost price plus average profit.

4. What are the basic economic characteristics of the primary stage of socialism? 6 1

A: 1. Social productive forces have made great progress, but they are still relatively backward. 2, with socialist public ownership as the main body, a variety of economic ownership * * * with the development. 3. Distribution according to work is the main body, and various modes of distribution coexist.

5, the realization conditions of simple reproduction 240

A: Under the condition of simple reproduction, the conditions for realizing the total social product are:

1, the exchange between the two major sectors of social production should be balanced, that is, I(v+m)=IIc. In order to realize simple reproduction, the production materials provided by the first category to the second category and the consumption materials provided by the second category to the first category should maintain a consistent proportional relationship to achieve a balance between supply and demand, which is the basic condition for simple reproduction.

2, the realization of the first kind of products and the demand of the two kinds of products for compensation for the means of production should be balanced, that is; I(c+v+m)=Ic+IIc. Social production should be carried out continuously according to the original scale, and the products produced in the first category must be able to compensate for the means of production consumed in the two categories.

3. The realization of the second category of products should be in balance with the personal consumption demand of the two categories, namely: II(c+v+m)=I(c+m)+II(v+m). Products used for personal consumption in society must be in balance with products produced in the second category, and simple reproduction can be carried out smoothly.

Discrimination:

1. Economics really became an independent science, starting from Marxist political economy. three

Wrong. Economics has truly become an independent science, which was born in modern capitalism and started from bourgeois classical economics.

2. All commodities have two factors: use value and value, which can be owned by commodity producers at the same time.

Wrong. Use value and value are contradictory unity.

3. The condition for the continuous circulation of industrial capital is that the industrial capital movement has gone through three stages, and all three stages must create surplus value.

That's right.

The overall goal of macro-control is to keep the balance of economic aggregate, that is, to achieve the equality of total supply and total demand.

That's right. This is the basic condition for maintaining the normal operation of the market economy.

Discussion:

1. How to understand the era of knowledge economy and its characteristics?

A: The term knowledge economy was first used by the United Nations Institute. In the early 1960s, he used this concept to explain the essence of the new economy. Knowledge economy in a narrow sense refers to knowledge industry, and knowledge economy in a broad sense refers to an economic form. Knowledge economy is a new economic form based on knowledge. The characteristics of knowledge economy are: 1, based on scientific research and development, and economic development is sustainable. 2, information technology as the center, economic information networking. 3. Give priority to the service industry and make the industry knowledgeable. 4. Knowledge capital is dominant, and the output value is light. 5. Focus on the global scope and integrate the world economy. 6. Knowledge-intensive industries as the cell, knowledge-based decision-making and management. 7. Based on learning and education, the quality of talents is advanced.

2, a correct understanding of the quality and vitality of enterprises.

A: quality of enterprise refers to the synthesis of various internal factors that determine the energy of enterprise activities. It mainly includes four aspects: 1 and personnel quality, which includes the quality of managers, the quality of scientific and technological personnel and the quality of direct workers. 2. The quality of technical equipment is the material basis of enterprise quality. Including the ability and level of scientific research, design, trial production and technology, as well as the advanced nature and completeness of various equipment and tools. 3. Management quality, which is determined by enterprise quality. It mainly includes enterprise leadership system, organizational structure, basic management, business decision-making ability, etc. 4. Cultural quality is the soul and essence of an enterprise. It includes management philosophy, ethics, spiritual demeanor and values.

Enterprise vitality makes enterprises have strong vitality, which refers to a kind of growth ability shown by enterprises in their behavior. Enterprise vitality mainly includes 1, service to users, contribution to the country, owners and employees, absorption of advanced technology and advanced management methods, adaptability to the market, competitiveness of products, pioneering spirit, asset appreciation and employee cohesion.

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1, the basic elements of the labor process? seven

Answer: People's labor, means of labor and objects of labor. It is the basic condition for people to engage in social production.

2. What are the elements of modern productive forces? eight

A: 1, substantive factors. Including laborers, labor materials and labor objects. 2. Operational factors. Mainly refers to capital. 3. Operational factors. Mainly refers to the organization and management of production.

3. Four sequences of human social development from low to high? 10

A: 1, in order of economic form. Marked by the composition of productive forces, the development of human society has three forms, namely, agricultural society, industrial society and knowledge society. 2. Develop in the order of economic situation. Marked by the nature of social productive forces, the development of human society has three economic conditions, namely, natural economy, commodity economy and product economy. 3. Develop in the order of economic system. The development of this sequence is determined by the nature of production relations, and the nature of production relations is marked by the nature of social production relations. There are five economic systems in the development of human history, namely primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, socialist society and capitalist society. 4. In the order of economic system. The development of this sequence is determined by the economic situation and economic system, and marked by the laws and characteristics of economic operation. There are many systems for the development of human social economy, such as gay economy, market economy and planned economy.

4. Objectivity and characteristics of economic law? 1 1

A: Economic laws are the same, universal and often effective things in the process of social and economic development, which makes the essential and internal relationship between economic phenomena an objective necessity of economic development and change. The objectivity of economic law lies in: 1. The economic conditions on which economic law depends are objective. 2. The content and requirements of economic law are objective. 3. The function of economic law is objective.

5. What are the criteria for dividing economic forms? 19

A: 1. Man's ability to transform and control nature. 2. Labor force data. 3, the level of development of science and technology and its role. There are three stages in the development of human society: agricultural society, industrial society and knowledge society.

6. What are the characteristics of the industrial economy era? 29

A: The industrial economy is characterized by a machine system. The productivity of human beings has risen from manual productivity to machine productivity, followed by Zhou Xing. The industrial structure has changed from agriculture as the main body to industry as the main body. The energy base is no longer a simple natural force, but a re-developed secondary energy. The mode of labor is not individual agriculture and handicraft industry, but collective labor of factory system and company system. In short, in the era of industrial economy, the manual-physical technology system was replaced by the mechanical-electrical technology system, thus achieving leap-forward scientific and technological progress. It is another great qualitative change in the promotion ceremony of mankind.

7. What impact does the era of knowledge economy have on society? 36

A: 1. Changes in social and economic life. 2. Changes in the social system. 3. Changes in social subject and labor structure. 4. Changes in people's ideas. 5. Changes in socio-economic theory.

8. What are the basic economic characteristics of liberal capitalism? 5 1

A: 1. Free competition dominates. Free competition is the basic feature of commodity economy, and it is also a universal economic phenomenon that dominated in the early stage of capitalist development. 2. Industrial capital is dominant. In the stage of free capitalism, although commercial capital and bank capital have developed greatly, they do not play a decisive role in the whole social and economic life. The former only performs the function of commodity exchange, while the latter mainly acts as the intermediary of ordinary credit. At this time, in the whole social and economic life, only industrial capital is dominant. 3. Commodity export is the main form of foreign export. 4. While plundering the colonies economically, they began to carve up and occupy the world territory. Through the industrial revolution and capitalist industrialization, the advanced capitalist industrial countries rely on their growing economic strength to expand, invade and plunder, occupy and carve up the world territory and establish their own colonial territories.

9. State monopoly of capitalism? 55

A: 1. The state monopolizes capitalist ownership economy. 2. The state's regulation and intervention in social and economic life. 3. State intervention and coordination in the international economy.

10, the essence of socialism? 62

A: Liberate and develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation and polarization, and finally achieve common prosperity.

1 1. Economic system and its relationship with economic system? 63

A: The economic system and its relationship with the economic system are both related and different. The difference is: 1. Economic system is the sum of social relations of production, the concrete form of production relations, the adjustment system of economic interests, and the relationship between responsibilities and rights in all aspects of social and economic life. 2. As a whole, economic system reflects the essence and connotation of economic form, which is a deeper concept and determines the fundamental purpose and principle of economic life. Economic system is the situation and carrier that embodies this essence and connotation, and it is a shallow concept close to the phenomenon form. 3. The economic system is produced through the process of quantitative change to qualitative change in the basic social contradiction movement, which mainly reflects the change of basic production relations and has certain stability. The economic system is produced through a simple deepening process in the movement of social basic contradictions, which reflects the changes of productive forces and is variable. The connection between the two is that the economic system restricts the economic system, which reflects the nature of the economic system and realizes the requirements of the economic system. But the economic system is not negative, it has an important dynamic role in the economic system.

12. What are the conditions for the emergence and development of commodity economy? 70

A: 1, social division of labor. 2. The means of production and labor products belong to different owners.

13, the development stage of commodity economy? 73

A: 1, the stage of simple commodity economy, also known as the stage of small commodity economy. 2. Socialized commodity economy stage, also known as market economy stage.

14, what are the two factors of goods? 76

A: 1, the use value of goods. 2, the value of goods

15, the duality of labor in producing goods? 77+

A: The duality of labor embodied in commodities is concrete labor and abstract labor. (1) Specific labor is production with certain use value with specific labor nature, purpose and form. The concrete labor process is a process that people use and transform natural materials to meet people's needs, and it is a necessary condition for human society to maintain its own existence and development. Concrete labor reflects the relationship between man and nature and is the natural attribute of commodity production labor. (2) Abstract labor is a general human labor that abandons all concrete forms and makes no difference. Commodity value is the condensation of undifferentiated general human labor, but actually the condensation of abstract labor, which is the entity that forms value. Under the condition of commodity economy, abstract labor embodies the economic relationship between commodity producers and is the social attribute of commodity production labor.

16. What are the two meanings of socially necessary labor time? Seventy-eight

Answer: 1, socially necessary labor time for producing a single commodity. 2, the production of a commodity society must total socially necessary labor time.

17, the relationship between labor productivity and commodity value changes? 79

A: There is a close relationship between labor productivity and commodity value. The higher the labor productivity, the smaller the value of unit goods. On the contrary, the bigger. The value of commodities is directly proportional to the labor time spent in producing these commodities, but inversely proportional to the productivity of the labor spent.

18, the characteristics of equivalent form? 8 1

Answer: 1. The use value of commodities as equivalents becomes the manifestation of value. 2. The concrete labor of producing equivalent goods becomes the manifestation of abstract labor. 3. Individual labor to produce equivalent goods becomes the manifestation of social labor.

19, the nature and characteristics of money? 83

A: The essence of money is as a special commodity among universal equivalents, which reflects the social and economic relations among commodity producers under the condition of commodity economy.

20. What are the contents and requirements of the law of value? The role in commodity economy? 86

A: The law of value is the basic law of commodity economy. Its contents and requirements are: the value of goods is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing goods;

Commodities must be exchanged for equal value according to their value. Function: 1. Adjust the distribution of means of production and labor among social departments and rationally allocate resources. 2, urge commodity producers to improve production technology and management, improve labor productivity. 3, cause the survival of the fittest of commodity producers, and promote the improvement of overall social and economic benefits.

20. Market economy?

A: The economic operation form of allocating social resources based on the market.

2 1, the composition of capital? 10 1

A: Capital is the value that can be put into the newspaper production process and can be added. According to the different functions of different parts of capital in surplus value production, capital can be divided into constant capital and variable capital. Variable capital is the part of value used to buy labor goods, and constant capital refers to the part of capital used to buy means of production. According to the different ways of value turnover in different parts of capital, capital can be divided into fixed capital and current capital. Fixed capital refers to the capital used to purchase machinery, equipment, materials, factories and other labor materials. Working capital refers to the capital used to purchase labor objects and labor force.

22. Surplus value? Surplus value? 1 10

A: Surplus value is formed by the surplus labor of laborers, which exceeds the value of labor. Quantity of surplus value and ratio of surplus value to labor value. It reflects the quantitative relationship between the labor paid by laborers for themselves and the surplus labor time provided for capital.

23. Absolute surplus value? Relative surplus value? Excess surplus value? 1 1 1

Answer: The method of absolutely increasing the surplus labor time by extending the working day is called absolute surplus value production, and the surplus value produced in this way is called absolute surplus value. Relative surplus value refers to the surplus value generated by shortening the necessary labor time and relatively extending the surplus labor time under the condition of unchanged working days. It is based on the premise of shortening the necessary labor time and is the result of the general improvement of labor productivity in the whole society. Excess surplus value is the difference between a single enterprise or a single capitalist who first improves labor productivity and makes the individual value of goods lower than the social value. Excess surplus value is relative surplus value in disguise, because it is also the result of shortening the necessary labor time and extending the surplus labor time relatively. The mutual pursuit of excess surplus value among capitalists has objectively promoted social production and scientific and technological progress.

24. What is the type of inflation? 122

A: The phenomenon of currency depreciation caused by the circulation of paper money exceeding the actual demand in commodity circulation is inflation. Judging from the role of market mechanism, inflation can be divided into open inflation and inflation suppression. Judging from the speed of rising prices, inflation can be divided into creeping inflation, moderate inflation and hyperinflation. From the cause of formation, it can be divided into demand-driven, cost-driven, structural and international conduction.

25. What are the three stages and three intelligent states of capital cycle? 126

A: Industrial capital goes through the stages of purchase, production and sales, and accordingly takes three functional forms: monetary capital, production capital and commodity capital. Finally, the movement of returning to the original starting point with new added value is capital cycle.

26. What are the conditions for the continuous circulation of funds? 129

A: Capital circulation is the unity of three forms of circulation. In order to keep circulating, capital must coexist in proportion in three functional forms: monetary capital, production capital and commodity capital. In time, these three parts should change their forms in turn, and the spatial coexistence and time succession of capital cycle are interdependent and mutually conditional. On the one hand, capital must coexist in space at the same time, so that they can move one after another, their coexistence will be destroyed and then they will stop. On the other hand, the three forms of capital must circulate one after another in time to ensure their coexistence. Once the successive movements stop, their coexistence will be in chaos. The coexistence and inheritance of capital movement show that its continuous circulation is the unity of three circulation forms. This is also a necessary condition for the normal circulation of capital.

27. Capital turnover? 129

A: The movement of capital is a repetitive cycle. Capital circulation, not as an isolated behavior, but as a periodic process, is called capital turnover. The circulation and repetition of capital circulation is capital turnover.

28. What is the turnover effect of capital? 13 1

A: The speed of capital turnover has an important influence on the production and realization of surplus value: 1. Faster capital turnover can save prepaid capital. 2. The acceleration of capital turnover can increase the annual surplus value. 3. Accelerating capital turnover can shorten production time and circulation time, realize capital value and surplus value faster, and make production go smoothly.

29. Nominal wage and real wage? The relationship between the two? 134

A: Nominal wages enable enterprises to pay workers in monetary form, also known as monetary wages. Real wages refer to the number of means of subsistence and services that workers can buy with monetary wages in this century. Nominal wage and real wage are two sides of the same wage. They are closely related, but they are often different. This is because the actual wage is not only determined by the nominal wage, but also influenced by many factors such as price level, rent level, tax burden and various service fees. Nominal wages cannot accurately reflect the actual income level and living conditions of workers.

30. What are the main factors that affect interest rates? 14 1

A: 1, average profit rate. 2. Supply and demand of loan capital. 3. The degree of loan risk, the length of loan term, the amount of loan, and the degree of competition in the loan market.

3 1, securities? Price decision? 143

A: Securities are certificates with a certain face value, representing the ownership of bonds or property. His price depends on: 1 and the benefits it can bring. 2. The deposit interest rate of the bank at that time. The price of securities is equal to the income of securities divided by the deposit interest rate of banks.

32. What is the situation and definition of land rent? 145

Answer: A kind of income obtained by land owners in land-rent cities by virtue of land ownership. The land rent situation is: 1, differential land rent. 2. Absolute rent. 3. Quasi-land rent. 4. Economic rent.

33. Land price? 147

A: Land price is a certain amount of capitalized land rent. His level depends on the amount of mortgage, interest rate and the supply and demand of land.

34. Engel's law? 15 1

The less family income, the greater the proportion of family income or family expenditure used to buy food;

The poorer a country is, the greater the proportion of its national average income spent on food. With the increase of family income, the expenditure on food will decrease.

35. What are the factors that affect demand? 154

A: 1, the price of the commodity itself. 2. The price of related commodities. 3. The income level of consumers and the fairness of social income distribution. 4. Consumer preferences. 5. Consumers' expectations for the future. 6. Government's consumption policy. 7. Changes in population size and structure.

36. marginal utility? 157

A: It refers to the degree of satisfaction increased for each unit consumed by an item.

37. What is the relationship between marginal revenue and marginal cost? 17 1

A: Marginal cost refers to the extra cost paid for each additional unit of output. It is the increase of total cost for every unit increase in output. Marginal income refers to the sales income of each additional unit of product. Their relationship is that if the marginal revenue is greater than the marginal cost, it means that there are still potential profits that have not been obtained and the output will continue to increase. If the marginal revenue is less than the marginal cost, the enterprise will lose money and reduce its output. If the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost, it is most beneficial to the enterprise and the principle of profit maximization is realized.

38. market? Type? 184

A: The market belongs to the category of commodity economy and is the product of the development of social division of labor. It is a compound concept, including: 1. The market is the place and field of commodity exchange. 2, the market is the sum of commodity exchange relations. 3. Market is the general expression of commodity circulation. 4. The market is an economic adjustment mechanism or operation mode. The market is divided according to different standards. First;

According to the degree of market competition: 1, the market is completely competitive. 2. Monopoly the competitive market. 3 oligopoly market. 4. Pure monopoly market. Second;

According to market supply and demand: 1, buyer's market. 2. Seller's market. Third;

According to the market spatial structure: 1, regional market. 2. National market. 3. World market. Fourth;

According to the market time structure: 1, spot market. 2. Futures market. 3. Credit trading market. Fifth;

By market transaction object: 1, commodity market. 2. The labor market. 3. Financial markets. 4. Real estate market. 5. Technology market. 6. Information market. 7. Property rights market. 8. Tourism market. 9. Culture and education market. Sixth;

According to the value of goods.

1, high-end commodity market. 2. Mid-range commodity market. 3. Low-grade commodity market. Seventh;

According to commodity circulation link: 1, wholesale market. 2. Retail market. 3. Storage and transportation market. Eighth;

By the buyer: 1, elderly products market. 2. Children's product market. 3. Women's products market. 4. National market for special products. 5, labor insurance supplies market. Ninth;

According to product form: 1, tangible market. 2. Intangible product market. Tenth;

Through marketing: 1, supermarket. 2. Shopping mall. 3. Chain stores. 4. Monopoly stores. 5. Market. 6. Material exchange meeting. 7. Trade Fair. 8. Trust the store. 9. Exchanges, etc.

39. Market mechanism and its system? 188

A: The market mechanism is a concrete form of economic mechanism, and it is a function and way of self-adjustment in the market collective through the interrelation and mutual restriction among various market portfolio elements. There are three types of factors in market mechanism: 1, and the mechanism factors that play a fundamental role in the operation of market economy are mainly economic interests and economic risks. 2. The mechanism factors that directly regulate the market are mainly market price, market supply and demand and market competition. 3. Mechanism factors that indirectly affect the market. Such as cost, profit, credit, etc. These factors are interrelated and mutually restricted, and they constitute an organic system. The market includes three subsystems: 1 and commodity market mechanism. 2. Capital market mechanism. 3. Labor market mechanism.

40. What is the market composition? 189

A: 1. Market participants. 2. Market target. 3. Market behavior. 4. Market order.

4 1. What is the position and function of the market system in the market economy? 192

A: The market system plays a very important role in the market economy, and the operation of social economy cannot be separated from the market system. First;

From the microscopic level of economic operation. 1, the market system is the premise for enterprises to become independent business entities. 2. Economic ties between enterprises. This is an important condition for invigorating enterprises. Second;

From the macro level of economic operation. 1, the market system is a necessary link for the state to carry out macro-indirect regulation and control. 2. It is the basis of national adjustment through economic means. 3. It is the condition to realize the national macro-control goal. Third;

From the perspective of international economic operation. 1, the market system is the basic condition to realize the docking of domestic and foreign markets. 2. It is an inevitable requirement to participate in international division of labor and international competition. It is the objective basis of introducing foreign capital.

42, the necessity of macro-control? 195

Answer: 1, the objective need of urban socialized mass production. 2. The objective needs of the development of market economy. 3. The objective requirements of the diversification of urban social interests.

43, the task of macro-control? 200

A: 1, total balance. 2. Moderate growth. 3. The structure is reasonable. 4. Stabilize prices. 5. Full employment. 6. Adjust consumption. 7. Social equity. 8. Balance of payments. 9. Maintain market order. 10, protecting the ecological environment.

44. Means of macro-control? 206

A: 1, economic means. Including economic policy means and economic leverage means. 2. Planning means. 3. Legal means and administrative means. 4. National innovation system.

45. What is the theoretical basis for the internationalization of economic life? 2 18

A: 1. International division of labor is the basis for the formation and development of internationalization of economic life. 2. Comparative interests are the driving force for the internationalization of economic life. 3. The rational allocation of resources is the main content of the internationalization of economic life. 4. The law of international value is the basic law of the internationalization of economic life.

46, the prerequisite for expanding reproduction? 24 1

Answer: 1. Additional means of production are needed. 2. It is necessary to maintain additional labor consumption data. Expressed by the formula: 1, I(c+v+m)>Ic+IIc 2, II(c+v+m) > one (c+m/x)+ two (v+m/x).

47. What are the factors that restrict economic growth? Seven days a week

A: Economic growth depends on the input of production factors and their efficiency. Specifically, it includes capital investment, labor force, scientific and technological progress, organization and management, population growth and quality improvement.

48. Measures to promote economic growth? 249

A: 1. Maintain an appropriate investment scale and attach importance to the unity of speed, proportion and benefit. 2. Change the mode of economic growth and take the road of "intensive" expansion and reproduction. 3, improve the level of science and technology, accelerate technological transformation. 4, strengthen the management of science and technology, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. 5. Control the population and improve the quality of workers.

49. What are the main indicators to measure economic growth? 254

A: 1, gross national product (GNP)2, gross domestic product (GDP)3, balance of payments.

50. What is the meaning and concept of economic structure? 264

A: Economic structure refers to the internal forms and ways in which all components of the national economy are interrelated and interact with each other. The contents include: what are the elements of the national economy, the nature and characteristics of these elements;

Composition and proportion of various elements of the national economy;

The interaction of various elements of national economy and the change of their relationship. Meaning: 1 refers to the sum of certain social relations of production. 2 refers to the composition and proportional relationship of all sectors of the national economy and all links of social reproduction.

5 1, industrial structure classification? 266

A: Industrial structure refers to the proportion and combination of various industries in the national economy. The division method is: first;

Industrial structure divided by material production departments. 1, two categories. 2. Classification of agricultural severity. Second;

Industrial structure divided by production factors. 1, labor-intensive industries. 2. Capital-intensive industries. 3. Technology-intensive industries. Third;

According to the development of production technology, the industrial structure is divided into old and new industries. 1, traditional industry. 2. Emerging industries. Fourth;

The industrial structure divided by three industries is the classification of three industries. China's regulations on the division of three industries are: the primary industry is agriculture, the secondary industry is industry and construction, and the tertiary industry is other industries except the primary and secondary industries.

52. The need to adjust the economic structure? 275

A: 1. Structural adjustment is an important task of macro-control. 2. It is an objective requirement for the development of social productive forces. 3. A reasonable structure is the guarantee for the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. 4. It is the inherent requirement of rational allocation of resources. This is an urgent requirement to realize the modernization of national economy. 6, is to adapt to the needs of the new economic era. 7. This is the need for further opening up.

53. What is the basis for formulating the economic development strategy? 282

A: 1. We should establish the correct guiding ideology. 2. Take national conditions as objective basis. 3. Based on objective economic laws. 4. Based on the international situation.