1. Green credit.
Green credit is a credit management system based on the impact of credit applicants on the environment, that is, giving priority to credit applicants or projects with low carbon and environmental protection, delaying or canceling the issuance of credit funds to enterprises and projects that fail to meet the requirements of environmental protection standards, and even recovering the existing credit funds of these enterprises and projects. Its main manifestations are: financing for ecological protection, ecological construction and green industry, building a new financial system and improving financial instruments. From the international experience, there are seven main types of green credit products: project financing, green credit cards, transportation loans, automobile loans, commercial construction loans, home equity loans and housing mortgage loans.
2. Carbon credit contract.
Carbon credit trading mainly includes quota trading and project trading. Project-based transactions mainly include primary and secondary clean development mechanism transactions and emission reduction unit transactions under the joint implementation mechanism. Quota-based transactions include assigned amount units under the Kyoto Protocol or EU quotas under the EU emissions trading system. Developed countries that have overfulfilled their emission reduction tasks can sell the remaining emission reduction units to those countries that fail to meet the emission reduction standards in the quota trading market.
3. Low-carbon stocks (bonds).
Low-carbon stocks generally refer to a kind of stocks with the concept of low-carbon economy in the securities market. The low-carbon industrial system includes thermal power emission reduction, new energy vehicles, building energy conservation, industrial energy conservation and emission reduction, circular economy, resource recovery, environmental protection equipment and energy-saving materials. Low-carbon bonds are debt certificates issued by the government and enterprises to investors to raise funds for low-carbon economic projects, promising to pay interest within a certain period of time and repay the principal at maturity. Its core feature is to link the CDM income of low-carbon projects with the bond interest rate level. Carbon bonds can be divided into carbon bonds and corporate carbon bonds according to the issuers.
Carbon structured products refer to products that combine fixed-income securities and derivative contracts related to carbon emission reduction. For example, since April 2007, several foreign banks, such as ABN amro, HSBC, Deutsche Bank and Bank of East Asia, and middle and senior development banks have successively sold structured wealth management products with the theme of "climate change" in the market, showing the following characteristics: First, most of the linked targets are climate index, climate change fund or a basket of stocks related to climate change; Second, the payment terms are mostly bullish, that is, the greater the increase of the linked target, the higher the product income level; 3. The investment threshold ranges from 6,543,800 yuan to 6,543,800 yuan in foreign currency; Fourth, it is significantly influenced by the global economic situation and the price of basic carbon financial instruments.