Classification of copper materials:
Pure copper: commonly known as' red copper' in China and' red copper' in Japan and Taiwan Province Province.
Common brands: T 1, T2, T3, TU 1, TU2.
Features: slightly hard, extremely tough and wear-resistant. It also has good ductility. Good thermal and electrical conductivity and good corrosion resistance. Used for winding various cables and wires, motors and transformers, switches and printed circuit boards. Common uses: electrical switches, motor coils, electronic parts, air conditioning pipes, soft welding torch heads.
Brass: containing zinc
Common brands: H59, H62, H65, H68, HPb59- 1 (free-cutting brass)
Features: high strength, good hot plasticity, good cold plasticity, good machinability, easy welding and good corrosion resistance.
It is used to manufacture all kinds of pins, rivets, nuts, washers, waveguides, wire clamping plates, ring parts and heat dissipation parts, parts used in grain industry, shipbuilding industry and paper industry, plugs and socket fittings, etc.
White copper: containing nickel
Common brands: B 19, B25, bfe10-1,BZn 15-20, BA 13-3.
Characteristics: stable physical properties at room temperature.
Common uses: medical instruments, precision instruments, thermocouples, clock parts, spectacle frames.
Bronze:
Definition:
Old name: tin bronze, such as ancient clocks, ding and wine vessels.
New definition: a general term other than copper, brass and white copper.
Name:
Chrome bronze: QCr 0.5, QCr 0.6-0.4-0.05.
Tin bronze: QSn 4-3, QSn 6.5-0.4, QSn 7-0.2.
Aluminium bronze: QAl 5, QAl 9-2, QAl 10-4-4.
Beryllium bronze: QSi 3- 1, QSi 3.5-3- 1.5.
Manganese bronze: QMn 1.5, QMn 5.
Cadmium bronze: QCd 1
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According to practical physical and chemical indexes, such as hardness, strength, elasticity, high temperature resistance, electrical conductivity, etc., there are different formulas.
Use:
Tin-phosphorus bronze: it has high elasticity, wear resistance and diamagnetism, and can be pressed in both hot and cold States; Good welding and brazing performance; Good machinability and good corrosion resistance in atmospheric fresh water; Good casting. Used for manufacturing spring contacts or other springs with good conductivity; Wear-resistant parts and diamagnetic components in precision instruments, such as gear brush box, vibration plate, angle connector, electric plug, socket, etc. And can also be used for precision casting instruments.
Electrode materials for resistance welding of special parts (roller welder, butt welder, collision welder and riveting machine): chromium, zirconium, copper, beryllium, cobalt and copper.
The scope of application is extremely extensive and complex.
Special copper for EDM: also known as electric erosion copper.
1940 or so, the former Soviet Academy of Sciences changed the method of anti-electric corrosion because of the phenomenon that sparks burned the surface when switching plugs, and used the phenomenon of electric corrosion to process the size of metal materials. 1943 developed the first EDM machine tool, which can process 60HRC steel.
Comparison of copper:
1. Xinqiao XQ-2# copper market forged copper
Copper ≥ 99.95% Copper: 99.7-99.85%
O & lt0.00 13% O:0.05 — 0.08%
In fact, more commercial forged copper, due to the chaotic source of copper, contains less copper and has extremely high impurity content.
2. Representation method:
China: resistivity ρ ≤ 0.00 1777 1ω. Square millimeter/meter (20℃).
Eu: the conductivity is1/ρ ≥ 56.27ms/m.
United States and Japan: the conductivity is 56.27 X 1.73 = 97.34% IACS.
3. Deoxidation method:
phosphorus (P)
Nitrogen protection
Alloy addition
4. Cost: Affect the price
Selection of raw materials
Melting process
Brief introduction of production technology:
Vacuum suction casting
Red copper: raw material 1# electrolytic copper.
Semi-continuous casting (# cast bar)
Forging (four-sided, one-sided forging) milling surface
Stripping vacuum aging heat treatment (eliminating internal stress)
Stripping extrusion stretching
ultrasonic examination
X-ray inspection
Spectral analysis of head and tail substances
electrical conductivity
Bronze:
Various requirements:
High hardness, good thermal conductivity (proportional thermal conductivity), good toughness, low cost and environmental protection.
Vacuum melting:
squeeze
Vacuum casting (furnace casting) stripping and pressing secondary processing (forging and drawing)
forge
Secondary stripping (turning and milling) heat treatment (solid solution+aging (QBe: hardness 36-42HRC))
Introduction of welding materials:
Welding type:
Resistance welding: the copper produced by the company belongs to this kind of welding head. The joint angle of positive and negative electrodes produces instantaneous high temperature to melt the solder and weld the two weldments together. Machines include roll welding, butt welding, collision welding, riveting welding, etc.
Other welding processes: gas welding, argon arc welding, plasma arc welding and TIG friction welding.
Material selection:
Ordinary steel, mechanical conductive block (wear-resistant) xq-b # Cr-Zr-Cu
Comprehensive indexes of electrical conductivity and temperature resistance time, such as aluminum plate, stainless steel and galvanized steel plate xq-c # beryllium nickel copper.
XQ-G5 # high tungsten copper (advanced electrode material), complete welding and durable.
Welding of different materials, such as explosive welding of aluminum to copper and copper to steel.
Beryllium copper: introduction to common sense
Primary beryllium: 99% beryllium material.
Mother beryllium: containing 3.8%-4.0% beryllium for smelting.
Cast beryllium: For example, the hardness of BeA-257C is above 45HRC (solid solution+aging) and contains 2.5-2.75% Be.
Like the toy transformers. Fragile, unable to forge, density difference will lead to water seepage.
Processing beryllium copper:
High Beryllium: Beryllium 1.8-2.2%.
Brand: QBe2.0 (China) C 17200 (USA) MM40 (USA) C 1720 (Japan)
Note: MM40: internal brands of the company, table 40HRC.
The hardness can reach 36-42 HRC.
Uses: plastic mold inserts, mold materials (the whole mold must conduct heat, such as fine glass dishes), push rods of die casting machines, deflector plates and heat sinks of space rocket nozzles.
Medium beryllium: Beryllium 1.65— 1.79%.
Brand number: QBe 1.7 (China) C 17000 (USA) C 1700 (Japan) MM30 (USA).
The hardness can reach 26-34hrc.
Mosaic material
Low Beryllium: 0.3-0.75% Beryllium.
Used for welding (resistance welding joint)
Production key: vacuum melting; heat treatment
Cost performance:
From the point of view of copper, beryllium copper, copper tungsten, hard copper, etc. Domestic goods, Xinqiao goods, American and Japanese goods are difficult to stabilize because of the widespread use of traditional production techniques. American and Japanese products have good performance, but they are also expensive. At present, Xinqiao's products can be compared with American and Japanese products in quality, but the price is moderate.