Fiscal policy, monetary policy, exchange rate policy, economic factors and interest rate level of major economies in the world.

1. Fiscal policy: expansionary fiscal policy and contractionary fiscal policy.

2. Monetary policy: expansionary monetary policy and tight fiscal policy.

3. Exchange rate policy: the exchange rate indirectly affects interest rates by affecting domestic price levels and short-term capital flows.

4. Economic factors: economic cycle, inflation rate and economic growth rate.

5. Interest rate levels of major economies in the world: Due to frequent international capital flows, the interest rate level of one country is easily influenced by the interest rate levels of other countries.