The main producers of apples are the United States, China, France, Italy and Turkey, while France, Italy, Hungary, Argentina, Chile, South Africa and the United States are the largest exporters. Apples are native to central and southeastern Europe, Central Asia and West Asia, and Xinjiang in China.
There are more than 80 countries producing apples in the world, and the main producing countries with annual output exceeding or approaching100000 tons are 12, namely China, the United States, Turkey, Italy, France, Poland, Germany, Russia and so on.
Besides China, Yuan Shuai and Jinguan are two main cultivated varieties in the world. If China is included, Fuji will become the largest cultivated variety in the world. The newly developed orchards in the United States, Italy, France, Chile and South Africa account for more than 50% of Red Fuji, and the cultivated area of Red Fuji in China accounts for 49.6% of the total apple area.
China is a big producer of apples, accounting for 65% of the total output. China is the largest producer and consumer of apples in the world, accounting for more than 40% of the world's planting area and output, and occupies an important position in the world's apple industry.
There are four major apple producing areas in China: Loess Plateau, Bohai Bay, Old Yellow River and Southwest Cold Region. According to the climatic and ecological suitability standard, the northwest loess plateau production area and Bohai Bay production area are the most suitable apple planting areas in China, accounting for 44% and 34% of the national apple planting area, 49% and 365,438+0% of the national output, and 90% of the national export.
The old Yellow River production area belongs to the sub-suitable area of apple production, and the apple production scale in the southwest cold plateau is small and the industrial base is poor, which can not meet the requirements of the apple production advantage area.
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Planting conditions of apples:
1, soil requirements
Soil has a certain influence on the growth rate, yield and quality of apples. When planting apples, we should choose soil with deep soil layer, convenient drainage, loose soil, fertile soil and rich organic matter, and the pH value in the soil is preferably between 5 and 8. In order to ensure the quality and taste of apples, never choose poor, alkaline or poorly breathable cohesive soil to grow apples.
2. Lighting requirements
Apples like to grow in sunny environment. Only when there is enough sunshine can the photosynthesis of apple trees promote the vigorous growth of plants and produce more and better apples.
If there is not enough sunshine in the growing environment, apple trees will grow in vain, with weak branches and leaves, poor disease resistance, poor root growth, low fruit setting rate, insufficient fruit sugar and failed coloring. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal growth of apple trees and improve the yield and quality of apples, it is necessary to ensure sufficient sunshine when planting.
Step 3 precipitate
Water plays an important role in the growth of apples. The natural precipitation that ordinary fruit trees can actually absorb is about 1/3. In the growth period of apple trees, as long as the precipitation reaches 540 mm, they can meet their growth needs. From April to September every year, if apples are planted in areas with precipitation below 450 ml, the fruit trees should be irrigated.
The distribution of precipitation in northern China is uneven, and the precipitation is insufficient in spring. 70-80% of precipitation is concentrated in July-August. Because of the lack of water in inland areas with less precipitation in China, irrigation, soil and water conservation facilities and drainage facilities need to be built in rainy season to ensure the normal growth of apple trees and ensure the yield and quality of apples.
4. Temperature requirements
Apple trees like to grow in a low temperature and dry environment. They have strong cold resistance and heatstroke prevention ability. The suitable growth temperature is between 12-25℃. If the planting temperature is lower than 12℃ or higher than 30℃, it will affect the growth of apple trees. In order to ensure the normal dormancy of apple trees, it is best to control the temperature below 8℃ in winter, and then continue to germinate in spring after the apple trees are dormant.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Apple
What is the origin of apples?
It is also cultivated in many areas of China. Generally, the most famous producing areas are mainly Yan 'an, Yantai, Jingning, Lingbao and Zhaotong. Among them, Yantai apple is the earliest cultivated place in China, with the most famous variety of Red Fuji, which is also a famous specialty of Yantai.
China is a new big apple country, accounting for 46% of the world's apple production, and it is an important force in the global apple economy. Under the current production level, the price advantage is obvious, and the exported high-quality apples are very competitive in the world market, and are gradually replacing North American apples in the Southeast Asian market.
Breeding mode
The propagation technique of apple trees is generally to raise seedlings with seeds first, and then graft the selected "scion" onto the seedlings. After surviving, grow bigger and plant it in the orchard.
There are two main grafting methods:
Socket method: the scion branches are twisted into a hollow tube with only skin, cut open as required, and then sleeved on the branches of grafted seedlings.
Grafting method: the grafted saplings are decapitated, and the epidermis is cut into a T-shaped opening at their roots with a knife. Then, the hollow tube scion is pruned according to the shape and size of the T-shaped opening, inserted into the opening of the grafted tree, and wrapped.
Where is the main producing area of apples?
First, the main producing areas
Yantai 1
Apple is one of the apple producing areas in China. The producing areas are mainly Qixia, Zhaoyuan, Haiyang, Mu Ping, Fushan and other urban areas within the jurisdiction of Yantai. Yantai apples are famous at home and abroad for their sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and are exported to more than ten countries and regions such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Russia.
2. Yanan
The planting area of the city is 6.5438+0.4 million mu, and the annual output is about 65.438+0 billion kilograms. Luochuan County has the best apples, and is listed as an apple export base county by the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce and the National Supply and Marketing Cooperative, and is known as the "hometown of apples in China".
3. Tianshui
Tianshui Huaniu Apple is the first apple variety in China to obtain an official trademark in the international market. As early as more than forty years ago, "Tianshui Huaniu Apple" was as famous as the American "Snake Fruit". In 2008, Tianshui City was listed as the second batch of superior apple producing areas in China by the Ministry of Agriculture.
4. Jingning
In 2007, the 654.38+ 10,000 mu fruit export base in Lidian Valley of Jingning County passed the export certification of AQSIQ, the certification of the standardized production base of green food "Jingning Apple" of National Green Food Development Center, the certification of green food Jingning Apple products of AQSIQ and the protection of Jingning Apple geographical indication products.
5. Zhaotong
According to the opinions of national apple regionalization, the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences designated Zhaotong as the most suitable apple growing area in China. From the climatic conditions, there is no severe cold in winter, no intense heat in summer, small annual range, large daily range, abundant sunshine, moderate rainfall and abundant light, heat and water resources, which is the most suitable area for apple production.
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Nutrition and eating methods of apples
1. Apple skin is rich in nutrition. In fact, at present, the apples planted regularly basically meet the pollution-free standards, and they have been bagged since childhood, which is pollution-free and can be washed and eaten directly.
2. From Red Fuji and Marshal Huang to Australian green apples, although the appearance of these apples is very different, the contents of sugar and organic acids are different, and the nutrition is almost the same. In terms of taste, Golden Crown Soft, Fuji Hard, Green Apple Sour and Guoguang Sweet can be selected according to your own preferences.
Fu Jinru, chairman of Tianjin Nutrition Society, said that the dietary guidelines for China residents suggest eating 200-400g of fruit every day, and basically one big Fuji apple is enough. But there is no need to abide by it. An apple a day, 3-4 apples a week, can be interspersed with other seasonal fruits.
4. During the processing of apple products, the nutritional loss of fruit juice is the least. Because jam needs heating, it may lose some water-soluble vitamins and add more sugar.
People's Network-Four Questions about Eating Apples? What kind of apple is the most nutritious?
Baidu Encyclopedia-Apple
What country is the origin of apples?
The origin of apples is in Europe and America.
The main varieties of apple originated from Malus, and one of them is short branch type-a dwarf compound variety cultivated to improve fertility. China, the United States and France are the main producers of apples, while France, Italy, the United States and Turkey are the main producers of output per unit area.
Apple's habit
The fruiting period of apple trees is usually 7- 1 1 month, which generally starts from its seedling stage and begins to bear fruit two to three years later. If carefully managed, as long as the trees begin to bear fruit, they can bear fruit for 50 years in a row, while if poorly managed or planted in a bad environment, they can bear fruit for 30 years in a row. The phenomenon of apical dominance is common in plants, and apple trees are no exception. In addition, different buds have different functions, which leads to the strong polarity and obvious stratification of apple trees.