1. Trust is a financial management method, a special property management system and legal act, and also a financial system.
1. Trust, banking, insurance and securities together constitute a modern financial system;
2. Trust business is a legal act based on credit, which generally involves three parties, namely, the client who has invested in credit, the trusted trustee and the beneficiary who benefits from others;
3. The trust subject includes the trustor, the trustee and the beneficiary;
4. The trustor is the founder of the trust relationship and should be a natural person, legal person or other organization established according to law with full capacity for civil conduct;
5. The trustor provides the trust property and determines who is the beneficiary and the beneficiary's beneficial right. Designate the trustee and have the right to supervise the trustee to execute the trust;
6. The trustee is responsible for managing and disposing of the trust property. A natural person or legal person with full capacity for civil conduct;
7. The trustee must fulfill his duties and fulfill the obligations of honesty, credibility, prudence and effective management;
8. The obligation to manage the trust property according to the legal provisions of the trust documents must be in the best interests of the beneficiaries;
9. In China, the trustee refers to a trust and investment company approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission and belongs to a non-bank financial institution;
10. The beneficiary is the person who enjoys the beneficial right of the trust, which may be a natural person, a legal person or other organizations established according to law;
1 1. The trust object mainly refers to the trust property.
Second, the fund in a broad sense refers to a certain amount of funds established for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. People usually refer to funds mainly as securities investment funds.
1 Trust fund refers to a fund management company established by a specialized investment institution (bank or enterprise), with the fund management company as the principal, and the beneficiary certificate-"fund share holding certificate" is issued by signing a "trust deed" with the trustee to raise idle funds in the society;
2, according to different standards, securities investment funds can be divided into different types:
(1) According to whether the fund unit can be increased or redeemed, it can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
(2) According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
(3) According to different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
(4) According to different investment objects, it can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds and futures funds.