1 In essence, the position profit and loss is the profit and loss generated by the positions currently held by the whole account, while the accumulated profit and loss refers to the profit and loss level of the whole account over a period of time.
2 From the formula, cumulative profit and loss = total assets-total loss (profit) in a period of time. Profit and loss of positions = current total market value-total market value at the time of opening positions.
From the indicators, we can see the potential profit opportunities and loss risks of the current trading day. Accumulated profit and loss depends on our overall trading level in recent period.
Accounting treatment of position profit and loss
In the specific operation, the following two problems will appear:
The first question
Regardless of whether the provisions in the Futures Regulations and the Measures for the Administration of Futures Exchanges that "positions can not be opened for profit" are in line with the spirit of the daily settlement system, as far as its accounting treatment provisions are concerned, because the margin balance of futures investors is adjusted with the changes of futures prices and floating profits and losses, there will be a difference between their initial investment margin and the adjusted margin, so it is necessary to "set up a special account as property losses to be handled, which will not be included in the current profits and losses" according to the above provisions. However, according to the new enterprise accounting system, there are no outstanding property losses and surplus items in the format of the balance sheet. Then, at the end of the accounting period, the loss and surplus of the property to be processed will be handled, and there can be no balance at the end of the project, otherwise the accounting statements cannot be filled out. It is obviously inappropriate to deal with the position gains and losses whose final results have not been determined at the end of the period, so how to calculate the position gains and losses has become a new problem.
the second question
In accounting practice, investors' floating gains and losses can be operated in two ways. One is consistent with the daily settlement system, treating floating gains and losses as liquidation gains and losses, and adjusting the balance of the customer's margin account accordingly; The other is that the investor's floating profit and loss data is only listed as a risk indicator in the settlement document, which is not reflected in the accounting, and is only calculated according to the actual additional margin. The former method is simple in business processing and suitable for natural person customers, because they do not need to provide accounting statements to the outside world and do not need to abide by the provisions of relevant accounting systems. However, for legal person investors, because enterprises need to strictly calculate liquidation gains and losses and position gains and losses, they can't do accounting treatment so simply. Generally, the second accounting method is adopted, that is, accounting only accounts for liquidation gains and losses and paid deposits, and does not reflect position gains and losses. In this way, at the end of the accounting period, there is often a settlement difference between the investor's accounting results and the daily settlement of the settlement department, which is actually the position profit and loss, so that its accounting can not truly reflect the current financial situation of the enterprise.