1On February 25th, 935, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Wayaobao, northern Shaanxi, attended by more than ten people, including Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu, Deng Fa, Kaifeng, Li, Yang, etc. This paper discusses the necessity and possibility of establishing the anti-Japanese national United front, and determines the strategy of establishing the anti-Japanese national United front. The meeting criticized the long-standing "Left" closed-door errors and revolutionary impatience within the party and decided to rename the Soviet Workers and Peasants Republic as the Soviet People's Republic. Change the policy towards petty bourgeoisie, intellectuals, national bourgeoisie, rich peasants, anti-Japanese Kuomintang officers and overseas Chinese: the meeting adopted the central resolution on the current political situation and the party's tasks. This meeting is a continuation of the Zunyi Meeting, which marks a major change in the political line of the CPC and begins to reverse the long-term isolation caused by the "Left" deviation.
On February 27th, 65438, according to the spirit of the Wayaobao meeting, Mao Zedong made a report on "On Strategies against Japanese Imperialism" at the meeting of party activists. The report analyzes the new changes in class relations in China since the "September 18th Incident" and the North China Incident, and points out that not only workers, peasants and petty bourgeoisie demand anti-Japanese, but also the national bourgeoisie may participate in anti-Japanese, even its right wing may waver and adopt a neutral attitude, and even the landlord and comprador camp may be divided. The report pointed out that at present, the counter-revolutionary forces are still greater than the revolutionary forces, and the Party's basic strategy is to "organize thousands of people in Qian Qian and mobilize a powerful revolutionary army" to establish a broad anti-Japanese national united front.
197765438+On February 25th, comedian Chaplin died in Kosil.
Charlie Chaplin is a world-famous comedian and a superstar in the silent film era. The image of Charlotte, a tramp he created, is a household name. He is good at shaping small people and satirizing the reality of life through their experiences. After he achieved great success in>, he wrote, directed and acted again & gt, < Seeking the Son and Meeting the Fairy >>, < Modern Times > ,<& lt dictator >> and so on, what makes him different is that he has raised comedy to an unprecedented height. His comedies not only make people laugh, but also make people think deeply, with strong sense of reality and profound connotation. His later & gt,<& lt stage career >> also waited well. This versatile artist was persecuted by McCarthyism in the United States because of his different political views and was forced to move to Switzerland. However, his outstanding contribution to the film industry is obvious to all. 197 1 was awarded the honorary award by the 44th American Academy Awards, which was also a tribute to this master.
19911On February 25th, Gorbachev made a televised speech and officially announced his resignation. On the eve of the 69th anniversary of the founding of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the flag of Soviet sickle and hammer flying on the top of the Kremlin was slowly lowered. At 19: 45, a Russian red, blue and white clan rose in the Kremlin. Since then, the history of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has ended.
After the "8- 19 incident", the so-called "New Ogaliovo Process" was actually difficult to continue, and the Soviet Union accelerated towards disintegration. At the beginning of 10, except for the three Baltic countries, 1 2 republics of the Soviet Union discussed economic agreements in Almaty. After fierce bargaining, on June+10/October 18, 65438, the President of the Soviet Union and eight participating republics * * * signed the economic cooperation treaty of sovereign republics in Moscow. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine did not attend the signing ceremony. The treaty stipulates that the ruble should be kept as the common currency of the unified monetary system, and the participating countries should fulfill all the foreign economic obligations of the Soviet Union and pursue a coordinated economic policy. However, due to the lack of political binding force, the treaty soon became a dead letter.
1 16 10/6, Russian yeltsin announced presidential decree 10, which took over a series of powers belonging to the central financial department, including the precious metals production department, deprived the alliance of important financial resources and stopped providing funds to about 80 central ministries. Later, Yeltsin announced that the Russian Central Bank would take over the Soviet National Bank and the Foreign Economic Bank and control the monetary power of the Union.
Entering 65438+February, the struggle around the fate of the Soviet Union further intensified. Seeing Gorbachev's general trend gone, the western countries began to gradually transition from the "dual-track policy" of treating the republics and the central government equally to the "one-sided" policy of supporting the independence of the republics. 65438+February 1 day, the Republic of Ukraine held a referendum on secession and presidential election. Before the vote, the United States announced that it would recognize Ukraine as soon as possible if the result of the vote showed independence from the Federation. This change in the position of the United States has played a great role in Ukraine's voting. Results 99.85% of the voters were in favor of independence. Kravchuk, former chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine, was elected as the first president of Ukraine. Kravchuk made it clear in his inaugural speech that Ukraine would not join the alliance of sovereign states initiated by Gorbachev. The independence of Ukraine, with a population of nearly 52 million and a gross national product accounting for 25% of the entire Soviet Union, was a fatal blow to Gorbachev's plan to form a new alliance.
On February 8, 65438, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus held a meeting in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, with Gorbachev behind their backs. After the meeting, the communique issued by the three parties said that the three countries jointly signed the "Commonwealth of Independent States" agreement. Declare that "the Soviet Union, as the subject of international law and geopolitical reality, no longer exists", and the laws and all norms of the Soviet Union are no longer applicable in the three countries.
The total population, total area and economic strength of these three Slavic countries are absolutely dominant in the alliance. The decisions of these three countries finally shattered Gorbachev's efforts to sign the new alliance treaty.
After the publication of the Minsk Conference Communiqué, the five Central Asian countries of the former Soviet Union-Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan-issued a statement on June 5438+February 65438+March, expressing their willingness to become equal founders of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
On February 23rd, 65438, Jelchin came to the Kremlin and had an eight-hour talk with Gorbachev, demanding that he hand over the supreme command of the armed forces, the "nuclear button" for launching 27,000 nuclear warheads and the presidential palace of the Kremlin. Gorbachev also handed over a batch of precious archival materials to Yeltsin. Yeltsin assured Gorbachev that after his resignation, he would enjoy generous treatment including national villas, cars and security personnel.
On February 24th, 65438, Gorbachev held a farewell party with his staff, including Jakovleff and Shevardnadze, and everyone said goodbye to each other. ：
On February 25th, 65438, Gorbachev signed his last presidential decree: he resigned as the supreme commander of the armed forces and handed over the control of the armed forces and the "nuclear button" to Yeltsin.
In the evening 19, Gorbachev gave a speech to the whole country and the whole world to resign as president of the Soviet Union in front of the camera in the presidential palace. He said: "In view of the situation formed after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, I stopped my activities as the president of the Soviet Union. This decision is based on principle. " "I firmly advocate the independence of the people of all ethnic groups and the sovereignty of the Republic; At the same time, it advocates retaining allied countries and safeguarding national integrity. However, the situation developed along another road, and the policy of dismembering and splitting the country prevailed. I can't agree with this. " "I am also uneasy about our people losing the nationality of a big country, which will bring very heavy consequences to all people." Gorbachev looked serious, but he ended his speech with an optimistic prediction: "I believe that our joint efforts will bear fruit sooner or later, and our people will live in a prosperous and democratic society."
19: 20, Gorbachev handed over the "nuclear button" to Russian President Yeltsin through the temporary commander-in-chief of the CIS armed forces, shaposhnikov.
19: 38, the Soviet flag with sickle and axe patterns was lowered over the Kremlin, and the Russian white, blue and red tricolor flag was raised on the flagpole.
On February 26th, 65438, the House of the Republic of supreme soviet of the ussr held its last meeting to carry out the legal procedure to terminate the Soviet Union. The venue with less than 100 people was very deserted, and only Alimdzhanov, President of the House of Republics, sat on the rostrum. The usual electronic voting machine does not need to be started, and even the number of participants is not registered.
The delegates voted to adopt a declaration. The declaration said: "The House of the Republic of supreme soviet of the ussr confirmed that with the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Soviet Union as a country and a subject of international law will soon cease to exist." However, it must be pointed out that not all delegates agree with this declaration, and some think it is meaningless, because the disintegration of the Soviet Union has become an established fact; Some people think that it is illegal for the House of Representatives to declare that the Soviet Union no longer exists, and this decision can only be decided by the Soviet People's Congress.
After the declaration was adopted, Alimdzhanov said to the delegates, "The House of the Republic will persist until the end. We have fulfilled our duties as citizens and representatives and have not lived up to the trust of the sovereign Republic. " "Now that the President of the Soviet Union has announced his resignation to all the people, and since the flag of the Soviet Union has been lowered, we have every right to complete our work peacefully through constitutional means today-holding the last meeting." Prior to this, the Union House of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union made a decision on February 23, 65438, and the Union House no longer held any meetings. Then, Alimdzhanov announced the dissolution of the Soviet Parliament, and the delegates said goodbye to each other and went their separate ways. The former superpower, the Soviet Union, has become history.