The past five years have witnessed the vigorous development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the complicated and changeable international environment and arduous domestic reform and development tasks, China has made solid progress in reform, opening up and modernization, and achieved brilliant achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. Economic strength has leapt to a new level, and the total economic output has expanded significantly. In 2007, China's GDP reached 24.66 trillion, an increase of 65.5% over 2002, with an average annual growth rate of 10.6%. The total economic output has risen from the sixth place to the fourth place in the world, the quality and efficiency of growth have been continuously improved, and corporate profits have increased substantially. The average annual growth rate of profits of industrial enterprises above designated size exceeds 30%. Last year, the fiscal revenue reached 51300 million yuan, an increase of 1.7 times. The infrastructure has been significantly improved, with an installed capacity of 350 million kilowatts in five years, which is the sum of the national 1950 power increase in 2002. Highway1920,000 km was added, including 28,000 km of expressway, 6 100 km of railway, and 568 berths above 10,000 tons were built. New progress has been made in industrial restructuring, the agricultural foundation has been further consolidated, and grain production has increased for four consecutive years, reaching 501500 million tons in 2007, an increase of 44.44 million tons over 2002. The industrial structure was accelerated and upgraded. Eliminate a batch of backward production capacity that does not meet the conditions of safe production and environmental protection and seriously damages resources according to law. The service industry has developed steadily, with an average annual growth rate of over 10% in five years. Modern service industry shows the momentum of accelerated development.
New steps have been taken in energy conservation and environmental protection. In 2007, the energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 3.27% on the basis of the decrease in 2006. Sulfur dioxide, chemical oxygen demand and emissions decreased for the first time in recent years. Environmental protection and ecological construction have been strengthened. Since 2003, the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in China has reached 32 million hectares, and 34.6 million hectares have been returned from grazing. Breakthrough progress has been made in desulfurization engineering of coal-fired power plants. In 2007, desulfurization facilities were installed in 65438+ 1 10,000 kw thermal power units. The cumulative total has exceeded 50% of the total installed capacity of thermal power. The government of China has issued a national plan to deal with climate change in China.
Regional development presents a new pattern. Significant progress has been made in infrastructure and ecological environment construction in the western region. Accelerate the development of key areas or industries with distinctive advantages. The construction of large-scale grain bases in Northeast China has been continuously strengthened, and major achievements have been made in major technical equipment. The pilot transformation of resource-based cities is progressing smoothly. With the accelerated economic development in the central region, the status of modern agriculture, especially the main grain producing areas, has become increasingly prominent. Advantageous industries such as energy and raw materials have developed and grown. The radiation-driven role of cities has been significantly enhanced, and the central region continues to be at the forefront of the country in changing the growth mode, adjusting the economic structure, promoting system reform, and developing an export-oriented economy.
New breakthroughs have been made in system reform. Significant progress has been made in the reform of rural taxes and fees, and taxes on agricultural specialties, animal husbandry, agricultural taxes and land reform have been abolished nationwide. The reform of state-owned enterprises has been further promoted, and positive progress has been made in the reform of postal services, electric power, telecommunications, civil aviation, railways and other industries. Great strides have been made in the reform of exchange rate formation mechanism and interest rate marketization, and the flexibility of RMB exchange rate has been further enhanced. The income tax of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises has been unified, and new progress has been made in the reform of investment system and price.
New achievements have been made in opening up. The total import and export volume increased from $620.8 billion in 2002 to $2 17 trillion in 2007. From the sixth to the third in the world. The proportion of mechanical and electrical products exports to total exports increased from 48.2% to 57.6%. The level and quality of foreign capital utilization have been further improved, and enterprises' foreign investment cooperation has achieved gratifying results. People's lives have been improved.
Over the past five years, more than 10,000 people have been employed in cities and towns, and more than 8 million people have been transferred from rural areas. The disposable income of urban households increased from 7703 yuan in 2002 to 13786 yuan in 2007, and the per capita net income of rural residents increased from 2476 yuan to 4 140 yuan.
Residents' spending power has been further enhanced. In 2007, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 8.92 trillion yuan. The social security system has basically taken shape. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban residents exceeded 200 million. The coverage of the new rural cooperative medical system has been extended to more than 86% counties in China. The development of social undertakings presents a new pattern.
In terms of science and technology, the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Scientific and Technological Development Plan was promulgated and implemented, and significant progress was made in the construction of a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body. The proportion of research and experimental development expenditure in domestic development increased from 65,438 0.07% in 2002 to 65,438 0.49% in 2007. In education, in 2007, nine-year compulsory education was basically popularized in the western region, and the plan to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people was completed one after another. The gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 25%. In terms of health, the system of disease prevention and control and emergency medical treatment has been basically completed, the medical conditions in rural areas have been significantly improved, and the new medical and health service system has been further improved.
Although the southern part of China suffered from a rare low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disaster in history at the beginning of this year, the fundamentals of steady and rapid economic growth have not changed, and it has maintained a good development trend as a whole. In the first two months of this year, the national fiscal revenue increased by 40% year-on-year, the highest growth rate in the same period in the past five years. The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society increased by 20% year-on-year, the investment in urban fixed assets increased by 24%, and the total import and export volume increased by 23% year-on-year. Agricultural production is stable, the seedling situation is generally good, the industry has slowed down, and the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size is still increasing 15.4%.
To speed up the transformation of economic development mode, we should shift the focus of economic work to adjust the structure, promote coordinated development and improve quality and efficiency. Promote economic growth, from relying mainly on investment and exports to relying on the coordinated development of consumption, investment and exports; From relying mainly on the secondary industry to relying on the coordinated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries; From relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of workers and innovating management. It is necessary to strengthen the pulling effect of consumption on economic growth, gradually increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution.
Accelerate the construction of the social security system, improve the government's service ability and level, improve the consumption policy, improve the consumption environment, stabilize residents' consumption expectations, and promote collective consumption. Improve the ability of independent innovation, increase investment in science and technology, optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources, and create a good environment to encourage innovation. Accelerate the construction of a national innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guidance and Industry-University-Research as the combination. We will comprehensively launch major national science and technology projects such as large aircraft, build a number of national engineering laboratories and national engineering centers in the fields of information, biology, energy conservation and emission reduction, and support the construction of a number of national enterprise technology centers. Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, accelerate the development of modern agriculture, increase investment in agriculture and rural areas, strengthen and improve agricultural subsidy policies, promote the stable development of important agricultural products production, and actively promote the comprehensive reform of new countryside.
Vigorously develop information, biology, new materials, new energy, aerospace, marine and other high-tech industries, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and accelerate the revitalization of equipment manufacturing. Focus on large-scale clean and efficient power generation equipment, high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, promote independent research and development of major equipment and key components, and guide and promote mergers and acquisitions of enterprises in the fields of steel, automobiles, cement, coal and paper. Formulate and implement specific policies and measures to accelerate the development of the service industry, support the development of key areas, weak links, emerging industries and emerging formats of the service industry, and improve the proportion and level of the service industry.
It is necessary to speed up energy and resource conservation and ecological environment protection. Strengthen the target responsibility system for energy conservation and emission reduction, and strive to eliminate backward production capacity. This year, small thermal power/kloc-0.3 million kilowatts will be shut down, and the backward production capacity of cement, steel and iron will be eliminated, which are 50 million tons, 6 million tons and/kloc-0.4 million tons respectively. We will implement and improve price, fiscal and tax incentives that are conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction, and do a good job in the construction of key industries, key enterprises, key fields and key projects. Actively develop circular economy, strengthen pollution prevention, strengthen water conservancy, forestry and grassland construction, and promote ecological restoration. Conscientiously implement the national plan to deal with climate change.
It is necessary to promote coordinated regional development, realize the 11th Five-Year Plan for the Western Development, promote the construction of key ecological projects, organize the implementation of the Northeast Revitalization Plan, continue to support the economic transformation of resource-exhausted areas, implement various policies and measures to promote the rise of Central China, and accelerate the construction of important grain production bases, energy and raw materials bases, modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industrial bases. Enhance the status of comprehensive transportation hub in central China. Further play the important role of special economic zones, Shanghai Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area in reform, opening up and independent innovation. According to the requirements of forming the main functional area, we should improve regional policies and adjust the economic layout.
It is necessary to speed up the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, actively adjust the import and export structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, vigorously develop service trade, optimize the structure of utilizing foreign capital, and give play to the positive role of foreign capital in promoting independent innovation, industrial upgrading and regional coordinated development. Innovate overseas investment methods, encourage and standardize enterprises' foreign investment cooperation.
In improving the socialist market economic system, we will persist in solving the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the sound and rapid development of the economy by means of reform, and strive to build a dynamic, efficient, more open and more scientific institutional mechanism. It is necessary to improve the ownership structure, continue to deepen the reform of the company system and shareholding system of state-owned enterprises, optimize the layout and structure of the state-owned economy, accelerate the reform of monopoly industries, continue to promote the all-round upgrading of power grid enterprises, reform the postal system, formulate the reform plan of the central railway system, and study the full-service operation mode of telecom enterprises. Develop various forms of collective economy, cooperative economy and mixed ownership economy, strive to achieve fair access, improve financing conditions, and promote the development of individual and private economy and small and medium-sized enterprises.
It is necessary to improve the modern market system, further break administrative monopoly and regional blockade, accelerate the formation of a unified, open and orderly modern market system, develop various factor markets such as land, technology and labor, improve the price formation mechanism of production factors and resources that reflect the relationship between market supply and demand, the scarcity of resources and the cost of environmental damage, and give greater play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources.
We should strengthen the macro-control system. Continue to deepen the reform of the budget system and the transfer payment system. Improve the financial system that matches the financial resources and powers of the central and local governments. Reform the resource tax, continue to promote the pilot transformation of value-added tax, accelerate the shareholding system reform of state-owned financial enterprises, strengthen the construction of financial market systems such as securities, insurance and futures, improve financial supervision, and further improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism.
Improve and strictly implement the investment market access system, improve the examination and approval system and filing system, approve the national development planning plan, and give play to the guiding role of industrial policies in macro-control. Comprehensive use of fiscal, monetary and land policies, and constantly improve the level of macro-control.