I. Euro
(A) the historical origin
The euro is the most significant achievement of European monetary reform since the Roman Empire. The euro not only makes the European single market more perfect, but also promotes the free trade among euro zone countries, which is an important part of the EU integration process.
The euro is managed by european system of central banks, which is composed of the European Central Bank and the central banks of the euro zone countries. The European Central Bank, headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany, has the power to independently formulate monetary policy. The central banks of euro zone countries participate in the printing, casting and distribution of euro banknotes and coins, and are responsible for the operation of the euro zone payment system.
(2) User country
Euro is the currency of Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Greece, Malta and Cyprus in the European Union.
At the same time, the euro is also the currency of six non-EU countries (regions), namely Monaco, San Marino, Vatican, Andorra, Montenegro and Kosovo. Monaco, San Marino, Vatican and Andorra used French franc, Italian lira or Spanish pesetas as their national currencies before, so they used the euro according to the agreement with the European Union and authorized a small number of domestic euro coins to be minted. Montenegro and Kosovo unilaterally use the euro as a means of payment.
Second, Mark.
(A) the origin of the trademark
1990 After the reunification of East and West Germany, the monetary unit of the Federal Republic of Germany, namely the German mark, was adopted. At this point, 1 mark is equal to 100 finney. The denominations of paper money are 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 mark, etc. And there are 1, 2,5, 10 DM and 1, 2,5 and 10 DM.
After the end of World War II, due to the serious inflation in the Federal Republic of Germany,1June 1948, Britain, the United States and France announced that they would implement currency reform and issue new coins in their occupied areas. The exchange rate of the new mark against the US dollar is 1 US dollar against 3.333 marks.
1September, 949, due to the devaluation of the pound, the mark depreciated by 20.6%.
(2) the circulation period of the trademark
The German mark began to circulate from 1924 until it retired from the historical stage in 2002, but there are still a large number of German marks. The German Mark experienced the Imperial Mark, the West German Mark, the New Mark, and finally the German Mark. Deutsche Mark was issued by Deutsche Mark and Deutsche Bank until 2002.
(3) Why do Germans love Mark?
According to a statement issued by the Bundesbank in 20 14, as of the end of 10, about 24 billion Deutsche mark coins (about half of all coins issued) and1654.38 billion Deutsche mark banknotes (about 4% of all circulation) were still in circulation. According to calculation, the value of these old coins totals 65.438+0.29 billion marks, or about 6.6 billion euros.
Mark still occupies a high position in the minds of Germans. For them, the mark is more than just a currency. It is a symbol of Germany's rise from the ruins of World War II and one of the few symbols by which Germans can convey national pride.