Situation and policy paper 1500 words 1 analysis of the new energy situation and policy in the world.
20 1 1 Against the background of increasing world energy demand and further deterioration of the contradiction between supply and demand, the turmoil in West Asia and North Africa and the nuclear accident in Japan have had a far-reaching impact on the world energy situation. The situation in West Asia and North Africa affects the regional energy production and transportation safety, which leads to the fluctuation of international oil prices and has a negative impact on the economic development of energy consuming countries. The nuclear accident in Japan has dealt a heavy blow to the global nuclear system and affected the nuclear power policies of countries around the world to varying degrees. In the long run, the dominant position of fossil energy is unshakable, and oil prices are still facing upward pressure, which brings new opportunities for the development of natural gas. Nuclear energy will not quit the historical stage, but it will take a long time to regain confidence in development. The competition among relevant countries for important potential energy producing areas such as the South China Sea and the Arctic will be further intensified.
China's energy security and industrial development are also troubled by these hot issues. China relies heavily on the energy supply in West Asia and North Africa, and the high oil price caused by the turmoil also makes China face more serious imported inflation. Although China has not given up the development of nuclear energy, it has obviously slowed down.
First of all, the current global energy situation
Energy has always been an important issue related to the economic development and people's lives of all countries in the world. At present, energy consumption continues to grow strongly, and the contradiction between supply and demand has further deteriorated. Fossil energy occupies a dominant position in the total energy consumption in the world. At present, most of the energy in the world is still in the hands of western countries. Other energy sources, especially new energy sources, are developing rapidly, but it will take time to make substantial progress. It is difficult for international oil prices to return to a low level, and price fluctuations pose a severe challenge to both energy producers and consumers.
1. The relationship between energy supply and demand is generally tense.
Most of the time after entering 2 1 century, the energy supply is tight. During this period, although the overall supply and demand of global oil remained balanced, the supply slightly exceeded the demand, but this balance was very fragile. Often due to natural disasters, climate change, local wars, social unrest, terrorist activities and other reasons, in some countries and regions, some oil products are out of stock in some seasons or for a certain period of time, resulting in energy supply shortages such as oil shortage and electricity shortage in some countries and regions from time to time.
Generally speaking, energy production capacity is growing slowly, while energy consumption demand is rising rapidly. In recent 20 years, there are fewer and fewer newly discovered oil fields in the world, especially super-large oil fields. Among the four existing super oilfields in the world, the production of Kantare, Bourgain and Daqing oilfields in China has begun to decline, and only the Gawal oilfield in Saudi Arabia still maintains high production. In the future, the output of Russia's important oil and gas fields in western Siberia will also decline. In addition to exploring new output in western Siberia, it is also necessary to develop eastern Siberia and even the Arctic with backward infrastructure. Whether Russia can have enough funds to support development investment still faces uncertainty. At the peak of Russian oil production, it can reach 6.5438+0.05 million barrels per day, but by 2035, the daily output will drop to 9.7 million barrels. Although other countries are rich in resources, they restrict mining for various reasons. For example, the northern part of Alaska in the United States is rich in oil reserves, but in order to protect the ecological environment, oil is stored locally and exploitation is restricted for a long time.
With the sustained development of the world economy, especially the rapid growth of emerging economies, the demand and consumption of oil are rising, exceeding the growth of production. Although the economic crisis in 2008 caused the oil demand to drop for the first time since 1983, in 20 10, oil consumption turned down again. It can be seen that the relief of oil supply is temporary, and the tight supply is the norm.
Speed up in an all-round way&; mdash& ampmdash
Diversification of energy structure
Under the current international financial turmoil, the downside risks of the global economy have increased and the external demand has fallen sharply. This directly gave birth to new changes in China's energy development strategy and management system.
Adjusting the energy structure and developing nuclear power bear the brunt. On June, 2008165438+1October, 2/KLOC-0, the first phase project of China Ninth Nuclear Power Station mdash& ampmdash; Fujian fuqing nuclear power plant started; 65438+February 65438+June, Guangdong Yangjiang Nuclear Power Station with a total investment of nearly 70 billion yuan officially started construction; On February 26th, 65438, Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Project, an expansion project of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station with a total investment of 26 billion yuan, started.
At this point, the world's largest nuclear power program is being gradually launched in China. It is understood that China will invest about 400 billion yuan in nuclear power before 2020.
Secondly, on February 5, 2008, 65,438,65,438 "Ningdong Large Coal and Electricity Base" with a total investment of nearly 40 billion yuan was officially launched, which means the "prelude" to the integration of coal resources.
Third, Gansu Hexi Corridor, the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu and Inner Mongolia are planning to build 10 million kilowatt wind power bases. At present, the construction of 10 million kilowatts wind power base in Jiuquan, Gansu Province has been fully launched.
It is worth noting that in 2008, China's foreign cooperation in the oil and gas field continued to accelerate: China's natural gas pipeline to Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan was opened; China and Russia also decided to build an oil and gas pipeline from Siberia, Russia to China.
According to reports, the second line project of west-east gas transmission has been approved by the state and will be fully implemented in a few days. This huge project with a total investment of 93 billion yuan will be connected with the natural gas pipeline in Central Asia. This is the first large-scale pipeline project in China to introduce foreign natural gas, and the steel alone will cost 4 million tons. If we consider the pipeline reconstruction and construction in cities along the line, * * * can boost the investment by 300 billion yuan. At the same time, the second phase of the 26.8 million cubic meters oil reserve project has also been planned and completed, and the construction of Chengdu10,000,000-ton refinery is about to start.
Zhang said that the commencement of these major projects is a practical measure to deal with the financial crisis, and it also shows that China's energy strategy is gradually being realized. Intensify the adjustment of energy structure, eliminate backward production capacity, intensify the integration and reorganization of energy enterprises, and build a modern, efficient and stable energy industrial system.
Zhou, a researcher at the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the current situation has created a good opportunity for China's energy structure adjustment, and China's energy structure adjustment should take a diversified road in the future.
Energy saving and consumption reduction &; mdash& ampmdash
Open source and reduce expenditure is the fundamental move.
65438+ 10/3, new york crude oil futures price closed at $37.59 per barrel. Some people worry that low oil prices may slow down investment in new energy sources.
Energy experts pointed out that the nature of non-renewable energy determines that the era of cheap is gone forever, and it is imperative to adjust the energy structure, save energy and reduce emissions.
Experts said that for China, a country with a large energy consumption and a small per capita resource, a diversified energy strategy will only cure the symptoms in the long run. Energy crisis and climate crisis, two major events that have increasingly influenced the world society and economy in the 2 1 century, have awakened all countries in the world. The fundamental way to solve the energy and climate problems lies in saving energy and reducing consumption.
It is estimated that 60% of China's energy-saving potential is in the industrial field. The economic efficiency of oil use in China is far lower than that in developed countries, and the efficiency of oil-using equipment is also lower than that in foreign countries, which has great potential for fuel saving.
With the development of economy and society, the position and role of electricity in the overall energy is becoming more and more important. It is understood that in 2009, the country will continue to implement traditional coal-fired power projects, and plans to shut down130,000 kilowatts of small thermal power units. Relevant data show that as of June 10, 2008, small thermal power units have shut down 3,265,438+10,000 kilowatts, which has achieved nearly two-thirds of the 11th Five-Year Plan.
Deeply grasp the new situation of international energy pattern change
Energy is an important strategic material to support national economic and social development. At present, the international energy pattern is undergoing profound changes.
On the one hand, the existing energy production and consumption patterns are undergoing historic regional changes. In terms of consumption, the focus of energy consumption is shifting from western developed countries to the Asia-Pacific region, especially many developing countries. From the perspective of production, energy production is increasingly diversified. Although the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries still holds the initiative of global oil supply, oil exploration and development in the North Sea, Africa and the Gulf of Mexico are also accelerating. Even so, facts and research results show that the peak of international oil production is coming soon.
On the other hand, the development of new energy has revealed the dawn before dawn, and the energy supply structure is about to enter the next development cycle of energy substitution. At present, worldwide, the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources such as oil sands, heavy oil, coalbed methane and natural gas hydrate, and new and renewable energy such as wind energy, solar energy and hydrogen energy have made progress to varying degrees. Among them, the former changes from the transfer of regional economic growth centers in the international scope, while the latter changes from the decline of the existing leading energy supply security and the pressure of environmental protection.
This change in the energy pattern has led to increasingly fierce competition for energy resources in the world, and at the same time accelerated the pace of technological development in the energy field. In this context, China, as a new developing country, has obviously accelerated the process of industrialization and urbanization, and its energy demand has entered a period of high growth. However, China's energy supply structure has been dominated by coal for a long time, which not only cannot meet the needs of national economic development, but also brings serious environmental pollution. According to the energy statistics of BP, compared with the developed countries and the world average, the proportion of coal in China's primary energy consumption structure is 4 1. 1 percentage point higher than the world average, while oil and natural gas are 15.4 and 20. 1 percentage point lower than the world average respectively. Due to the low supply guarantee capacity of domestic high-quality energy oil and natural gas, the dependence of China crude oil on foreign countries is increasing, reaching nearly 50%. At the same time, energy consumption (mainly coal) is one of the main causes of air pollution in China. About 70% of carbon dioxide emissions, 90% of sulfur dioxide emissions and 67% of nitrogen oxides emissions in the air of China come from coal burning. Almost all the soot emissions also come from this, accounting for more than half of the total suspended particulate matter pollution (TSP).
This relatively backward energy consumption structure, high dependence on foreign oil and high pollution of energy consumption not only lead to a series of serious problems such as the collapse of China's asset value system and the rising cost of production and living, but also encounter greater pressure in international negotiations on global climate change, which will also restrict the industrialization process of China in the long run. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to do everything possible to solve the long-term and strategic major problem of national energy security.
In the international energy market and the national energy supply security system, the role of energy enterprises is the first. Whether energy enterprises can grasp the historic opportunity of this pattern change not only determines the survival of enterprises, but also has an important impact on a country's long-term economic growth and international competitiveness. With the advantages of resources, technology and management, international oil companies such as BP, Exxon and Shell have not only dominated the development of the international energy market in the past century, but also accelerated the pace of entering the field of new and renewable energy in recent years.
China's energy enterprises are latecomers in the international market, and there is a big gap between them in terms of resource acquisition, technology and management. If enterprise resources are invested in the development of new energy, it may be even more insufficient. However, we should also see that this pattern change is not only a risk, but also a huge opportunity for China energy enterprises. Huge domestic demand provides space for enterprises to improve economies of scale, improve management ability and accelerate technological progress. The development of new energy has narrowed the gap between domestic energy enterprises and international big companies, because this field is in the initial stage and the technical level gap is relatively small, which provides a rare opportunity for China enterprises to turn passive into active in the future competition.
Facing the historical moment when opportunities and challenges coexist, passive response can only mean giving up the initiative of development, becoming a vassal of multinational energy companies or even being eliminated. National energy security is out of the question, and the economic lifeline will fall into the hands of others. On the other hand, positive response means firmly grasping the development opportunities in the competition and building the competitiveness of enterprises on the adaptability to environmental changes, so that competitiveness can have vitality and sustainability. Historical experience has proved that whether we can judge the situation actively, sensitively and accurately and then make a correct strategic choice is an important premise and foundation for seizing opportunities and realizing sustainable development.
As an important state-owned backbone enterprise and national oil company, China Petroleum Group put forward the strategy of building a comprehensive international energy company, which is a positive response to the new opportunities, challenges and requirements it faces. This strategic decision has improved the ability of enterprises to pay attention to the world energy development trend and conform to the development laws and trends of the global petroleum and petrochemical industry, helped enterprises to realize the transformation from traditional oil companies to new energy companies facing the future and having international competitiveness, and made greater contributions to better safeguarding national energy security and promoting the sound and rapid development of the national economy.
The significance of this strategy is more specifically reflected in:
First of all, it is conducive to improving the international competitiveness of China Petroleum Group. The strategy of building a comprehensive international energy company includes supporting traditional energy sources, changing the energy supply structure, developing the value chain to improve the efficiency of energy development and utilization, globalization of energy development and utilization and internationalization of management. Therefore, this strategy is based on the reality and focuses on the future. Through technological progress, improvement of management ability and construction of value chain, it will help China Petroleum Group to overcome its disadvantages and fully participate in international competition.
Secondly, it is conducive to enhancing the position of China enterprises in international competition. Energy is the most basic input for enterprises. A clean, efficient and low-cost energy supply system will help China enterprises reduce the cost of providing goods and services, which is of decisive significance to enterprises in the increasingly global competition. China Petroleum Group's strategic idea of building a comprehensive international energy company is helpful to achieve this goal.
Finally, it is helpful to realize the sustainable development of the country. On the one hand, the country's sustainable development is reflected in its abundant energy, on the other hand, it is reflected in the improvement of people's quality of life. The strategic thinking of building a comprehensive international energy company will help China Petroleum Group to better participate in the competition between traditional energy resources and markets, as well as the development of new and renewable resources, and improve the flexibility of long-term energy supply structure. At the same time, the efficient and clean utilization of energy and the development of new energy are helpful to reduce the environmental pollution caused by energy utilization, improve people's quality of life and realize the harmonious development between people and the environment.
In recent years, the international energy situation has experienced ups and downs and drastic changes. The soaring oil price has seriously impacted the economy of energy consuming countries, and also brought great political pressure to energy exporting countries. Energy conservation and overseas expansion in consumer countries are promoted at the same time, and producers frequently play the "energy card" to maximize political and economic benefits, and international energy cooperation is becoming increasingly active. After the outbreak of the international financial crisis, the prices of coal, oil and other energy sources plunged sharply, and the development of new energy sources was promoted to the strategic level in adversity as the main engine to stimulate the economy. Comprehensive analysis shows that the current international energy situation is at a critical moment from quantitative change to qualitative change. In this context, it is of great significance to carefully examine the energy development pattern of China and improve relevant measures.
First, correctly grasp the new situation facing China's energy development.
1. The rapid growth of energy demand in recent years has caused unsustainable economic development and great environmental pressure.
Over the past 30 years, China's GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 10.3%, and energy consumption has increased at an average annual rate of 5.6%. In 2008, the total output of primary energy in China was 2.6 billion tons of standard coal, more than four times that in the early days of reform and opening up. Although China's total energy resources are abundant, the contradiction of low energy quality, low per capita possession, tight energy supply and large resource constraints will exist for a long time. With the sustained and rapid development of China's economy, the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the upgrading of residents' consumption structure and the increasing demand for energy. In the future, the intensity of energy consumption will remain at a high level, and the demand for oil and gas will grow faster than that of coal. Due to natural conditions, it is difficult to increase the domestic resource exploitation rapidly. China's oil reserve-production ratio is only 1 1. 1, which is far below the world average level of 40.5, and the contradiction between supply and demand of energy, especially oil and gas, will be further revealed. On the other hand, the rapid economic growth has caused enormous environmental pressure, and China's energy development model needs to be changed urgently.
2. With the increase of China's dependence on foreign oil, the problem of energy security has become increasingly prominent.
China's oil resources are insufficient, the output of crude oil cannot meet the demand, the dependence on imported oil is increasing, and the contradiction between supply and demand is more prominent. Since 1993 became a net oil importer, China's oil imports have increased year by year. In 2008, China imported 2180,000 tons of oil, and its dependence on foreign countries reached 5 1.3%. It is estimated that it will surpass Japan and become the largest oil importer in the Asia-Pacific region around 2020. The rising dependence of oil on foreign countries means that the vulnerability of energy security situation increases. With the increasingly fierce global competition for oil resources, China's ability to control the maritime oil transportation channel is weak, and it relies too much on oil from the Middle East and Africa and a single maritime transportation route, which highlights the vulnerability of China's oil import security. The strategic oil reserve has just started, and the support ability to deal with emergencies or critical moments needs to be strengthened.
3. Affected by the financial crisis, the downward pressure on domestic and international economies has increased, and energy demand has remained sluggish.
From the beginning, the negative impact of the financial crisis on China's economy gradually emerged and became increasingly serious. The external demand is shrinking, the industrial growth rate is slowing down, the business operation is difficult, the investment growth rate is declining, and the downward pressure on the economy is increasing, especially the contradiction of insufficient effective domestic demand is gradually emerging. In 2008, China's total energy consumption was 2.85 billion tons of standard coal, up by 4% over the previous year, down by 4.8 percentage points, of which the growth rates of coal, crude oil, natural gas and electricity decreased by 4.9, 1.2, 9.8 and 8.5 percentage points respectively. The leading index to predict the prosperity of national economy &; Mdash& ampmdash; The national power generation has experienced negative growth since last June 10, and this year1&; Mdash2 The cumulative increase in February was still-3.7% year-on-year; 1。 In February, the electricity consumption of the whole society increased by -5.2% year-on-year, and the energy demand continued to be sluggish. Since the beginning of this year, the output of crude oil, refined oil and crude oil processing capacity have decreased or declined compared with the same period of last year. The refinery reduced load and production, the demand for refined oil was weak, and the inventory rose to a historical high.
At present, developed countries are tapping the potential to seize the commanding heights of future economic development, and a new economic reform has quietly come around the world.
As the global economic recovery will take time, developed countries have been rethinking and actively preparing to find and cultivate new economic growth points to meet the next round of economic upward cycle. It is worth noting that many countries in the world regard the development of new energy as an important measure to deal with the financial crisis. The Obama administration of the United States put forward a huge economic stimulus plan of $700 billion, taking new energy as an important strategic industry to get rid of economic recession, create employment opportunities and seize the commanding heights of future development, and proposed that the output of renewable energy will increase by 1 times in the next three years; The proportion of 20 12 in the total power generation will increase to 10%, and it will increase to 25% in 2025; In the next 10 year, we will invest150 billion dollars to establish a clean energy research and development fund for the research and development and promotion of clean alternative energy projects such as solar energy, wind energy and biofuels; Using $4 billion government funds to support the restructuring, transformation and technological progress of automobile manufacturers to produce more energy-saving and efficient hybrid vehicles; Invest $4.5 billion to renovate the buildings of the federal government, and improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings by 25% within 10 year.
Obama proposed that whoever has mastered clean and renewable energy will dominate 2 1 century; Whoever wins the top spot in the field of new energy will become the leader in the post-oil economy era. In addition to the United States, other developed countries also regard the development of new energy as an important means to stimulate the economy, expand employment, seize the commanding heights in the future and prevent climate warming. The EU's renewable energy plan will increase investment by 30 billion euros and create 350,000 jobs.
France plans to increase the proportion of renewable energy in total energy consumption to 23% by 2020, which is equivalent to saving 20 million tons of oil every year. Germany plans to make the employment scale of renewable energy sector surpass that of automobile industry by 2020. The British government plans to provide $654.38+00 billion to build 7,000 wind turbines by 2020, creating 654.38+06 million new jobs. Japan will increase solar power generation by 20 times, and the use of new environmentally friendly cars will increase by 40%. South Korea will vigorously promote the popularization of solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and bioenergy in ordinary families, and will build 2 million sets of energy-saving green houses.
Faced with this situation, China cannot ignore the development of new energy industry, because the current financial crisis has eased the contradiction between energy supply and demand. We should learn the painful lessons from the development of some industries in the past, keep up with the new round of new energy development in the world, increase investment in new energy industries, strengthen the research and development of new energy technologies, and truly put new energy development in an important strategic position.
Second, seize the opportunity to speed up the adjustment of China's energy structure.
During the last century 100, 15% of the world population completed industrialization, which led to a sharp increase in oil consumption, from more than 24 million tons at the beginning of the last century to 3 billion tons. In this century, 85% of the population will enter industrialization, and energy consumption will definitely increase further. Although the world's proven energy reserves are increasing, the energy on the earth is limited after all, and the energy consumption of human society is also increasing gradually. According to the current consumption rate, one day, the world's non-renewable energy resources such as oil and natural gas will be exhausted. Therefore, mankind will surely realize the energy conversion to the "post-petroleum era". From a global perspective, it has become the consensus of every country that renewable energy is more competitive. The development direction of alternative energy in China is to replace traditional energy with new energy, replace scarce energy with superior energy, and gradually improve the role of alternative energy. As the second largest energy consumer in the world, while striving to increase energy supply, the only way to achieve sustainable development is to improve energy efficiency, improve energy consumption patterns and develop clean energy technologies. Therefore, it is an inevitable choice to actively develop renewable energy and new energy and increase the proportion of clean energy consumption to promote the increasingly rational energy structure in China. Especially in the current financial crisis, accelerating the construction of new and renewable energy will not only help to stimulate investment, but also help to make reliable energy preparations for the next stage of economic development.
The 11th Five-Year Energy Development Plan puts forward that the overall arrangement of China's energy construction during the 11th Five-Year Plan period is: orderly development of coal; Accelerate oil and gas development; On the premise of environmental protection and resettlement, actively develop hydropower, optimize the development of thermal power and promote nuclear power construction; Vigorously develop renewable energy. In this year's "two sessions" government work report, Wen Jiabao will actively develop clean energy such as nuclear power, wind power and solar power generation as one of the main tasks this year.
1. Reduce the proportion of coal in energy consumption.
Coal accounts for about 70% of China's total primary energy consumption, which is 40% higher than the world average. The main form of coal conversion into energy is combustion power generation, and coal-fired power generation accounts for more than 56% of China's coal terminal consumption. In 2008, the installed capacity of power generation in China reached 792 million kilowatts, of which the installed capacity of thermal power was 60 1 100 million kilowatts, accounting for 76%; The installed capacity of hydropower is 65.438+72 million kilowatts, accounting for about 22%; The installed capacity of nuclear power is 9.06 million kilowatts, accounting for1.3%; Wind power is 8.94 million kilowatts, accounting for only 0.8%. Coal combustion is the main source of air pollution, accounting for 90% of sulfur dioxide emissions, 70% of carbon dioxide emissions and 67% of nitrogen oxides emissions. Every L ton of coal mining will destroy 2.5 tons of groundwater, and the surface will collapse after coal mining, resulting in waste water, waste gas residue and silicosis. Therefore, reducing the ratio of coal to electricity is an effective way to change the energy pattern, realize energy saving and emission reduction and protect the ecological environment in China. Therefore, we should continue to optimize the power supply structure, gradually increase the proportion of clean energy power generation, and constantly replace coal-fired power generation; On the other hand, while accelerating the development of clean coal technologies such as circulating fluidized bed combustion and large-scale coal gasification, and improving the direct and indirect coal liquefaction technologies, we will accelerate the research and development and popularization of a new generation of clean coal technologies such as coal polygeneration, gradually optimize and adjust the coal-electricity structure, and extend the coal industry chain to downstream chemical products.
2. Actively develop nuclear power.
Nuclear energy is a clean and efficient energy source. Theoretically, the fission energy released by 1 kg uranium is approximately equivalent to the energy released by burning 2500 tons of coal or 2000 tons of oil. A million kilowatt thermal power plant needs 2.6 million tons of coal, while a nuclear power plant only needs 30 tons of uranium. The carbon dioxide produced by nuclear power plants in a year is only 1.6% of that of coal-fired power plants of the same scale, and no sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke are emitted. In recent years, the world nuclear power construction has begun to recover. The US Department of Energy announced in 2007 that 32 nuclear power plants will be built in the next two years. Russia plans to build 40 nuclear power units by 2020; Britain decided to resume the construction of nuclear power plants in June 5438 +2008 10; India plans to make the installed capacity of nuclear power reach 40 million kilowatts by 2020. Efficient and clean nuclear energy will play a more important role in the global energy pattern.
In 2008, Guangdong Ningde, Fuqing, Yangjiang and Zhejiang Fangjiashan nuclear power projects started one after another, with a total scale of140,000 kilowatts, which indicated that China's nuclear power construction entered the fast lane. At the end of 2008, the installed capacity of nuclear power in China was about 9 million kilowatts, accounting for only 1.3% of the total installed capacity of power generation in China. According to the medium and long-term development plan of nuclear power (2005 &; By 2020, the installed capacity of nuclear power will increase to 70 million kilowatts, and the proportion of nuclear power in the national installed capacity will increase to 4%, which means that at least 2 nuclear power plants and 4 million kilowatts nuclear reactors will be started every year in the future. By 2020, the total investment in nuclear power construction in China will reach 400 billion yuan. At the end of last year, in response to the international financial crisis, China launched ten measures to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth. Nuclear power projects became the first batch of approved projects to stimulate domestic demand, marking the coming peak of nuclear power construction in China.
3. Vigorously develop renewable energy and new energy.
By the end of 2006, the total consumption of renewable energy in China was 200 million tons of standard coal, accounting for about 8% of the total primary energy consumption in China, only 0.5 percentage point higher than that in 2005. Accelerating the development of renewable energy will help to realize the long-term strategic substitution of energy and strengthen environmental protection. China has legislated to take the development and utilization of renewable energy as a priority area of energy development, and formulated a medium-and long-term development plan for renewable energy. According to the plan, in 20 10, the proportion of renewable energy in China's total primary energy consumption will reach 10%.
Hydropower is an important renewable energy. China is rich in water resources, with theoretical reserves of nearly 700 million kilowatts, accounting for 40% of conventional energy resources. According to the current survey and design level, there are 2.47 trillion kWh of hydropower technology development in China. If fully developed, it can provide at least 654.38+0 billion per year. Mdash1.300 million tons of raw coal energy. Compared with renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, hydropower is a good regulating power supply. While developing hydropower, it can also achieve comprehensive benefits such as flood control, irrigation, water supply, shipping, aquaculture and tourism. At present, hydropower development and utilization technology is mature and should be given priority.
China is rich in wind energy resources, and the utilization technology is basically mature, which can be regarded as a key point for the current scale development and the formation of actual supply capacity. Solar energy has great potential. Once the key technology breaks through and the economy is improved, it will be widely used. At this stage, we should strengthen the development and research of solar power generation technology and heat utilization technology, and actively promote solar water heater products in combination with building energy conservation. China's biomass energy has the characteristics of many varieties, strong dispersion and high collection cost, which is suitable for developing various utilization technologies and opening up different user markets. At this stage, we can start with the utilization of existing waste resources and gradually improve the level of development and utilization. Actively promote and support some mature technologies, such as rural biogas and straw power generation. For some key technologies that have not been broken through, such as cellulose ethanol, we should invest reasonably and carry out research. New energy and its related technologies are of great significance to the future energy substitution, so we should pay full attention to them, prepare as early as possible, actively track them and organize research and development.
Facing the development status of new energy and renewable energy, it is imperative for our government to establish a complete roadmap for the development of new energy and renewable energy technologies, integrate existing industrial resources as soon as possible, rationalize existing resources, support the policy system and the energy investment pattern in the next decade, create a relaxed environment for the development of efficient new energy and renewable energy, and support the sustainable development of China's economy and society with the sustainable development and effective utilization of energy.
4. Expand the oil and gas industry to increase revenue and reduce expenditure.
First, speed up the construction of oil and gas bases. According to the principle of "tapping the potential in the east, developing the west, accelerating the opening of the sea area and the south", by 2065.438+00, the national crude oil and natural gas output will reach 654.38+93 billion tons and 92 billion cubic meters respectively. The second is to speed up the oil substitution project. In accordance with the principle of "giving full play to the advantages of resources, relying on scientific and technological progress, actively and steadily promoting", we will accelerate the development of coal-based and biomass-based liquid fuels and coal chemical technology, make overall plans, and build key demonstration projects in an orderly manner, so as to lay a foundation for the development of oil substitution industries in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and beyond. The third is to promote energy conservation and consumption reduction in the oil and gas industry.
In addition, China should focus on the whole world, learn from the experience of other countries from a strategic perspective, reduce its dependence on oil imports, actively participate in international oil market competition, strengthen international cooperation in the oil field, speed up the establishment of a modern oil market system, establish and improve a modern oil reserve system, and formulate a set of plans to safeguard national oil security.
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