2. As the last product in the petroleum refining process, the quality control of fuel oil products has strong particularity, and the final formation of fuel oil products is restricted by many factors such as crude oil variety, processing technology and processing depth. According to different standards, fuels can be divided into the following categories:

(a), according to whether the product is formed in the factory.

Fuel oil can be divided into commercial fuel oil and self-use fuel oil according to whether it is a commodity at the factory. Commercial fuel oil refers to the fuel oil that forms a commodity in the factory link; Self-use fuel oil refers to fuel oil that is used as raw material or fuel for refining production, but has not formed a commodity in the factory.

(2), according to the processing flow

According to the processing flow, fuel oil can be divided into atmospheric heavy oil, vacuum heavy oil, catalytic heavy oil and mixed heavy oil. Atmospheric heavy oil refers to the heavy oil (commonly known as slurry oil) fractionated from the catalytic cracking unit of the refinery; Mixed heavy oil generally refers to the mixture of vacuum heavy oil and catalytic heavy oil.

(3) according to the purpose

According to the use, fuel oil can be divided into two categories: marine internal combustion engine fuel oil and furnace fuel oil. The former is a mixture of straight-run heavy oil and a certain proportion of diesel oil, which is used in large low-speed marine diesel engines (the speed is less than 150 rpm). The latter is also called heavy oil, mainly vacuum residue, or cracked residue or a mixture of the two, or heavy petroleum fuel oil made by adding a proper amount of cracked light oil for various industrial furnaces or boilers as fuel.

Marine internal combustion engine fuel is the fuel of large low-speed diesel engine. Its main performance is that it can spray and atomize fuel well, so as to burn completely, reduce fuel consumption, reduce carbon deposition and engine wear. Therefore, the fuel is required to have a certain viscosity to ensure that it can reach the viscosity required by high-pressure oil pumps and nozzles at the preheating temperature (about 2 1-27 cm), and 38℃ is usually used more. Raytheon 1 viscosity is 1000 and 1500 seconds. Because fuel must be preheated to reduce its viscosity, in order to ensure the safety of use, the preheating temperature must be about 20℃ lower than the flash point of fuel, generally between 70- 150℃.

Heavy oil is mainly used as fuel oil for various boilers and industrial furnaces. The working process of fuel oil systems of various industrial furnaces is basically the same, that is, the oil pump pumps heavy oil out of the oil storage tank, the mechanical impurities are removed by the coarse separator and the fine separator, and then the preheated heavy oil is preheated to 70- 120℃ by the preheater, so that the viscosity of the preheated heavy oil is reduced, and then it is injected into the furnace through the nozzle at the atmospheric pressure of 8-20 days through the regulating valve, and the atomized heavy oil is mixed with air for combustion, and the combustion waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.

Types of household fuel oil: commercial heavy oil, 200 # heavy oil, 7 # fuel oil and industrial fuel oil.

Types of imported fuel oil: refined emulsified oil, Orie emulsified oil, 180 low-sulfur fuel oil, 380 low-sulfur fuel oil and 180 high-sulfur fuel oil.

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