In global foreign exchange transactions, the US dollar accounts for 86%, and the US dollar is the most important foreign exchange in the international foreign exchange market, which is mainly manifested in the following points:
1. The foreign exchange reserves of central banks include gold and various currencies, but the most important reserve asset is still the US dollar.
Almost all the world's major trade commodities are denominated in US dollars.
Most international trade is conducted in dollars.
Most international debt instruments are denominated in US dollars.
When traveling internationally, the dollar is usually the most widely accepted currency. 6. Almost every currency is expressed in dollars.
7. When there is an international crisis and funds want to seek a safe haven, the US dollar is usually the first consideration.
8. The situation in the dollar zone determines the development of interest rates worldwide. The English currency symbol EUR and Euro originated from the Doyle Plan put forward by 1989. 1991121Since the Maastricht Treaty opened the euro mechanism, by the beginning of 1999, most EU countries had pegged their currencies to the euro at a fixed exchange rate. According to the Maastricht Treaty, the single European currency is called "European monetary unit". In February, Council of Europe decided to change the name of the European single currency to the euro. From June 65438+ 10/2002, all income and expenses, including wage income and taxes, shall be calculated in euros. In March 2002 1, the old name of European currency disappeared after the official circulation of "Euro".
Euro banknotes are issued by the European Central Bank on the entrustment of the central banks of participating countries. Participating governments will issue euro coins. Maintain mutual coordination between different issuers. The potential intention of EU politicians to promote the euro is to end the "autocratic rule of the dollar". 1996 65438+February, the European monetary bureau in Frankfurt, Germany announced that 1999, the design pattern of the European Union's unified currency, the euro, had been evaluated by public bidding, and the Austrian banknote designer Robert Callina won the bid. In this scheme, the euro is divided into seven denominations, namely 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 euros. The larger the denomination, the larger the area of paper money. The smallest euro note is 62 mm high and 120 mm wide, and the largest euro note is 500. The main components of the front pattern of each banknote are doors and windows, which symbolizes the spirit of cooperation and frankness advocated by the European Union. On the reverse side of paper money are all kinds of bridges, including small bridges long ago and modern advanced suspension bridges, which symbolize the connection between Europe and other countries. Various patterns such as doors, windows and bridges respectively reflect the architectural styles of various periods in Europe. The market value from small to large is classical, romantic, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo, iron and glass, and modern architectural style. Colors are gray, red, blue, orange, green, brown and lavender. At the same time, there are 13 five-pointed stars closely surrounding the EU flag. Euro coins consist of eight denominations, including 1, 2,5,10,20,50 euro cents. Renminbi refers to the currency first issued by the People's Bank of China on 1948 12 1, and became the legal tender of the People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) after the establishment of the People's Bank of China. By the time the new edition was launched at 1999 10 1, five sets had been issued, forming a variety of banknotes and metal coins, ordinary commemorative coins and precious metal commemorative coins. In ISO 42 17, the abbreviation of RMB is CNY (China Dollar), but the more commonly used abbreviation is RMB (Ren Min Dollar); Usually add "?" Before the number. Represents the amount of RMB.
1999 10 1 On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the People's Bank of China issued the fifth set of RMB in succession according to Decree No.268 of the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC). The fifth set of RMB has eight denominations: 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 20 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 1 yuan, 50 cents and 1 minute. The fifth set of RMB is based on the major currencies with low denominations in the market, which actually assumes a large number of change roles, increasing the denomination of 20 yuan and canceling the denomination of 2 yuan, making the denomination structure more reasonable. The fifth set of RMB is issued in one time and multiple times. 1 99965438+1October1,initial issue of 100 yuan notes; 20 yuan banknotes, 1 yuan, 1 jiao were issued on June 6th, 2000. September 1, 20065438, issued 50 yuan and 10 yuan banknotes; On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/8, 2002, 50 5 yuan banknotes were issued; On July 30, 2004, 1 yuan banknotes were issued. Foreign exchange investors, in order to predict the rise and fall of the exchange rate, use spot, forward or forward trading channels to engage in large foreign exchange transactions with a small amount of margin. When the market is bullish, they buy first and then sell, and when they are bearish, they sell first and then make up, earning the price difference in the middle with minimal fluctuation and making huge profits. Therefore, foreign exchange investors are often the main foreign exchange suppliers.