1. Consumer expenditure: the amount spent by consumers when purchasing goods and services, including personal consumption and household consumption. This includes food, clothing, housing, transportation, entertainment and other consumer spending.
2. Investment expenditure: the expenditure of enterprises and individuals on purchasing new equipment, buildings, land and other capital goods for production and business activities. Investment expenditure is very important for promoting economic growth and creating employment opportunities.
3. Government expenditure: the government's expenditure on purchasing goods and services and investment projects. This includes expenditure on public services such as education, medical care, infrastructure construction and national defense.
4. Net export: Net export refers to a country's export value minus its import value. If a country's exports exceed its imports, net exports will have a positive impact on GDP; On the contrary, if a country imports more than it exports, net exports will have a negative impact on GDP.
5. Service industry: GDP also includes the contribution of service industry, such as retail, finance, transportation, tourism and education. With the transformation of economic structure, the service industry accounts for an increasing proportion of GDP in many countries.
6. Industrial production: Industrial production includes manufacturing, mining and construction. The activities of these sectors play a vital role in economic growth and job creation.
7. Agricultural output: Although the proportion of agriculture in the economy of some developed countries has gradually declined, agriculture is still an important economic sector in some developing countries. Agricultural output includes the value of grain, animal husbandry, fishery and other related agricultural products.
Problems needing attention in understanding and using GDP
1, Limitations of GDP: GDP is an economic indicator, which is mainly used to measure the total amount of economic activities, but it cannot fully reflect a country's social welfare, environmental conditions and people's living standards. Therefore, to evaluate a country's economic situation, we should not only look at GDP data, but also consider other indicators and factors comprehensively.
2. the connection between GDP growth rate and real life: the rapid growth of GDP does not mean that everyone's life has been improved. Because GDP growth may lead to inequality and uneven distribution of wealth and income, we need to pay attention to the specific effects of GDP growth, such as employment opportunities and income distribution.