First, the social status and role of spot trading in the modern economy
The entry point of spot trading into the market operation is e-commerce, participating in the operation of a large number of primary raw materials including agricultural products, metals, building materials and other trading varieties, and developing a professional and in-depth B to B business model.
1 Spot trading provides online fund settlement services for buyers and sellers, thus avoiding the "triangular debt" problem of enterprises.
The spot transaction adopts the advanced intelligent network system of transaction settlement, conducts centralized bidding transactions on the Internet, and the trading market conducts unified transactions and funds settlement, thus ensuring the openness, fairness and impartiality of spot transactions. After the transaction is completed, the market will settle the funds for the buyers and sellers, make physical delivery, and record them in real time to ensure the common interests of the buyers and sellers, so as to avoid the serious "triangular debt" problem existing in China enterprises.
The standardization of spot warehouse receipts put an end to "fake and shoddy" goods.
3. Perfect logistics distribution system to meet the distribution needs of different traders.
The formation of spot trading industry has played an irreplaceable role in the development of spot trade circulation in China.
Spot trading is a new thing in the field of spot circulation, and it is still in its infancy in my economic life, but its advanced operation mode and unique functions have aroused widespread concern in the whole society.
Advantages of spot trading
Spot trading is based on the spot market, also known as online spot commodity trading. Because of my vast territory, rich resources and large population, the commodity economy has developed by leaps and bounds. In the near future, half of the goods will be sold online. Since 1997, China has established professional trading markets for various commodities, and the transaction amount of each spot commodity trading market has increased geometrically. This fully shows that spot trading gives us unlimited development space.
1 has many investment members.
1 spot producer 2 spot user 3 arbitrage speculator
In spot trading, what we do is arbitrage speculators! The price fluctuation range of trading varieties listed in the spot market is large, and a perfect trading mechanism is conducive to speculators to trade flexibly, control risks, fully obtain the price fluctuation difference, and thus obtain huge investment returns.
2 The information is clear and the law is obvious.
Spot trading is a centralized bidding, unified matching and online settlement on the commercial Internet, which displays the price quotation in real time, which is helpful for traders to accurately and quickly judge the fluctuation trend of the price quotation.
3. Simple operation and quick investment.
Investors can hold the spot for a long time for physical delivery, or they can buy and sell hedging transactions for a short time and charge the difference. The so-called small investment, small risk, quick return and high income.
Characteristics of spot trading
1 Standardization of spot warehouse receipts
All the terms of the spot warehouse receipt, including the grade, quality, quantity and color of the goods, are predetermined and have the characteristics of standardization.
2. Centralized online transactions
The spot commodity trading market is a highly organized and strictly managed system, and the transaction is finally completed online.
3. Flexible trading mode of two-way trading and hedging mechanism.
Due to the standardization of spot warehouse receipts, most transactions can be discharged from performance responsibility through reverse hedging operation. Traders can buy spot warehouse receipts when the price is low and sell hedging positions after the price rises; You can also sell when the price is high, and then buy a hedge to close the position after the price falls, which will make a two-way profit.
Lever mechanism, which can freely adjust the performance bond.
The performance bond system has always been the primary problem that many traders need to face when they participate in the market. The spot commodity trading market usually provides a performance bond system of 100% to 10%, so that traders participating in the market can choose different performance bond methods according to their actual conditions.
Spot market corresponds to futures market. The futures market deals with future commodities (not yet existing), while the spot market deals with present commodities (already existing). In fact, it is similar to the concept of buying a house.
Spot is the existence of actual goods rather than virtual goods!
Cash market
Spot market refers to the general name of the market opposite to futures, options, swaps and other derivatives markets. Currency, bonds or stocks traded in the spot market are the basis of derivatives. In the foreign exchange and bond markets, the spot market refers to the transaction of debt instruments (such as bills, bonds and bank acceptance bills) with a maturity of about 12 months.
Futures are forward contracts for buying and selling. You can control most of the virtual funds by paying a small sum of money, which is to provide interest-free loans in layman's terms.
Futures are divided into commodity futures and stock futures. At present, there is no stock futures in China. Let me explain commodity futures.
Futures are relative to spot. They are delivered in different ways. Spot is cash spot, and futures are contract transactions, that is, mutual transfer of contracts. There is a time limit for futures delivery. Before the expiration, it is a contract transaction, but the expiration date is to cash the contract for spot delivery. Therefore, large futures institutions often do both spot and futures, which can be used for hedging and speculation. Ordinary investors often can't deliver in time, so they have to speculate purely, and the speculative value of commodities is often related to factors such as spot trend and duration of commodities.
Opening an account is very simple. You can open an account with a futures company, sign a contract and pay a certain deposit.
Futures trading is a kind of contract trading, and you only need to pay the deposit of the actual price of the corresponding commodity for each transaction. The specific margin ratio is determined by the futures exchange according to market conditions, and the futures company will also make adjustments.
For example, if you buy the futures of commodity A, his margin ratio is 1: 10, and his trading price is 10000 yuan per unit. Then you only need to pay 1000 yuan to buy a unit of goods. If the price of commodity A goes up by 10%, then you double it, and your 1000 becomes 2000. If the price of commodity A drops by 65,438+00%, you will lose everything. If you close your position at this time, your 1000 will become zero. If you want to continue holding positions, you must add margin. Many people often add margin because they refuse to accept the market, and finally their families are ruined.
At present, there are companies acting as agents for OTC futures trading in China, but the risks are great.
There are similarities between futures trading and spot trading, such as both trading methods, real buying and selling, involving the transfer of commodity ownership and so on. The differences are as follows:
(1) The direct target of buying and selling is different. The direct object of spot trading is the commodity itself, including samples, objects and pricing. The direct object of futures trading is futures contracts, not how many contracts to buy or sell.
(2) The purpose of the transaction is different. Spot transaction is the transaction of primary currency and primary commodities, and physical delivery and payment settlement are carried out immediately or within a certain period of time. The purpose of futures trading is not to obtain physical objects at maturity, but to avoid price risks or make profits through hedging.
(3) Different trading methods. Spot transactions are generally one-on-one negotiations to sign a contract, and the specific content is agreed by both parties. If the contract cannot be fulfilled after signing, it will be resorted to law. Futures trading is conducted in an open and fair manner. One-on-one negotiation (or private hedging) is considered illegal.
(4) Different trading places. Spot transactions are generally decentralized. For example, grain and oil, daily industrial products and means of production are all managed by some trading companies, manufacturers and consumers in a decentralized manner. Only some fresh and individual agricultural and sideline products are concentrated in the form of wholesale markets. However, futures trading must be conducted in an open and centralized manner in the exchange according to law, and cannot be traded over the counter.
(5) The security system is different. Spot trading is protected by contract law and other laws. If the contract is not honored, it will be destroyed by law or arbitration. In addition to national laws, industry and exchange rules, futures trading mainly depends on the margin system to ensure maturity.
(6) The range of goods is different. The varieties of spot trading are all commodities in circulation, while the varieties of futures trading are limited. Mainly agricultural products, petroleum, metal commodities and some primary raw materials and financial products.
(7) Different settlement methods. Spot trading is cash on delivery, no matter how long it takes, it is a settlement or several settlements. Due to the implementation of margin system in futures trading, it is necessary to settle profits and losses daily and implement the system of marking the market day by day. The settlement price is calculated according to the transaction price, and the futures settlement price is the weighted average price of all futures contracts of the same variety on that day. The settlement price has the following functions: the basis for calculating the profit and loss of closing positions and positions; The basis for deciding whether to add margin; The basis for determining the amount of suspension on the next trading day.