Main impacts:
1. Bank: Due to the reduction of funds, the loan profit is reduced, which has a certain impact on the performance of banks that still rely on deposit-loan spreads as the main source of profits; On the other hand, it will prompt banks to follow up other profit sources, such as retail business, international business and intermediary business, which will further strengthen the stability and profitability of banks.
2. Enterprises: When funds are tight, banks will choose loan targets more carefully, preferring large-scale enterprises with strong profitability and low risk, which will have a certain impact on the financing ability of some large enterprises and many small and medium-sized enterprises that rely heavily on bank loans. The strong are stronger.
3. Stock market: the impact is very limited, the range is lower than expected, and as far as most banks are concerned, they are still relatively abundant, and their loan business ability is quite limited; On the other hand, the market has long expected the tightening policy of the Bank of China, so the stock market has been digested in the early stage, and it was only reflected at the moment when the news came out.
4. Fund: No influence, basically following the stock market and bond market.
5. Futures: Short-term negative impact will have a greater negative impact on some commodity futures. At present, there is no such financial futures in China, hehe, so it basically has little impact.
6. Deposit: Banks will increase their efforts to introduce new products to attract deposits, but it will not affect ordinary people.
Deposit reserve:
Deposit reserve refers to the funds prepared by financial institutions in the central bank to ensure customers' withdrawal of deposits and fund settlement. The ratio of the deposit reserve required by the central bank to its total deposit is the deposit reserve ratio. By adjusting the deposit reserve ratio, the central bank can influence the credit expansion ability of financial institutions, thus indirectly regulating the money supply.
China's deposit reserve system is based on 1984. In the past 20 years, the deposit reserve ratio has undergone six adjustments. Since 1998, with the change of monetary policy from direct regulation to indirect regulation, China's deposit reserve system has been continuously improved; According to the needs of macro-control, the deposit reserve ratio has been adjusted twice, once from 13% to 8% in March, once from 1 1.998, and most recently from 8% to 6% in1October.
Deposit reserve ratio:
Financial institutions must deposit part of their deposits in the central bank, which is called deposit reserve; The ratio of deposit reserve to total deposits of financial institutions is called deposit reserve ratio.
For example, the deposit reserve ratio is 7%, which means that for every deposit of 6.5438+0 million yuan, financial institutions have to deposit 70,000 yuan in the central bank, and the funds used to issue loans are 930,000 yuan. If the deposit reserve ratio is raised to 7.5%, the loanable funds of financial institutions will be reduced to 925,000 yuan.
Under the deposit reserve system, financial institutions can't use all the deposits they absorb to issue loans, so they must keep certain funds, that is, deposit reserve, in case customers need to withdraw money. Therefore, the deposit reserve system is conducive to ensuring the normal payment of financial institutions to customers. With the development of financial system, deposit reserve has gradually evolved into an important monetary policy tool. When the central bank reduces the deposit reserve ratio, the funds available for loans by financial institutions increase, and the total amount of loans and money supply in society also increase accordingly; On the contrary, the total amount of social loans and money supply will decrease accordingly.
The central bank's decision to raise the deposit reserve ratio is a macro-control of monetary policy, aiming at preventing the excessive growth of money and credit. Since the beginning of this year, China's economy has grown rapidly, but the prominent contradictions in economic operation have been further highlighted, and the momentum of excessive investment growth has not diminished. One of the main reasons for the rapid growth of investment is the rapid growth of money and credit. Raising the deposit reserve ratio can correspondingly slow down the growth of money and credit and maintain the sustained, rapid, coordinated and healthy development of the national economy.