The proportion of corn in feed formula is about 50%-70%, accounting for the largest proportion, commonly known as the king of feed; You can imagine the importance of corn in the purchase of feed raw materials. So how to make a corn purchase plan?
1. Take stock by time period.
When new grain is listed in September-June and 65438+1October, it adopts a conservative strategy, that is, the principle of low inventory, that is, buy as you use it; 165438+ The purchasing and storage policy was introduced around the end of 10, and the production area was already rainy and snowy, so we adopted an active strategy to increase procurement until March of the following year; Use conservative strategy to buy again in April; From April to the lowest point, take an active strategy to increase procurement until the end of September. If the market is unknown or falls halfway, but the logistics is difficult, you can take a safety strategy and stock up for 20-25 days.
From June to September every year, the country will auction corn, or it can adopt the strategy of auction here; If there is a quota for imported corn and the quarantine inspection certificate is obtained, you can also entrust a suitable importer to import corn at a fixed price, or buy it from the grain storage office of COFCO.
At present, most large groups also set up warehouses in the producing areas to purchase directly to ensure the supply of goods, and they don't panic if they have food in their hands. This may be the focus of strategic procurement of large groups under the expectation of increasingly tight grain sources; Future development trend. There are also futures delivery strategies near Dalian or in coastal areas.
2. How to select and develop suppliers?
A. Production areas: strive for the procurement of production areas, compare quality and price, reduce procurement costs, play a game of chess nationwide, and select production areas in a targeted manner;
B. Factorization: Manufacturers and suppliers (corn can be understood as the grain depot of COFCO, national treasury and large private groups) have cost advantages, which are conducive to ensuring quality, reducing prices and preventing the decline. In principle, traders only serve as emergency procurement suppliers.
C. Customization: Suppliers give priority to large suppliers with strength and credibility, which is conducive to performance and cost reduction.
D. Multipolarization: For corn, it can actually be understood as the combination of northeast, north, northwest and south producing areas; Combination of domestic corn and imported corn; Railway transportation is combined with ocean transportation and short-distance automobile transportation; Combining normal procurement with actual procurement; The combination of large suppliers in production areas and traders in sales areas; The combination of direct purchase from warehouse of origin and purchase from traders; The combination of spot purchase and futures delivery. Generally speaking, it is necessary to select and develop large-scale strategic cooperation suppliers with integrity and strength in the producing areas.
3. How to inquire and compare prices
As purchasing, inquiry and price comparison is a basic course, which is carried out almost every day. How to make an inquiry, for corn, is to make an inquiry from suppliers in various producing areas, but attention should be paid not only to price, quality, payment method, delivery futures and loss, but also to these important inquiry items. Shop around at least, preferably two or three from the same place, so that we can compare in the same place; Some suppliers' quotations are more true, while others are full of bubbles, which should be analyzed according to the quotations in the same place and the understanding of peacetime contact. At the same time, you can also exchange information about brother companies, peers and websites to determine relatively real prices.
The price comparison is actually the comprehensive cost of the factory, and the direct price is the ex-factory price. Of course, if the quality is different, the corresponding quality cost must be increased or decreased, and the payment method is different, so will the financial expenses. These are all costs; Delivery futures directly affect our production. This is the bottom line. We can't accept the time and we can't do the lowest price.
4. Purchasing plan and inventory plan.
For corn, the purchasing plan should be made according to the original inventory, order and in-transit quantity, current monthly consumption and current market situation, and how many days of purchasing should be reported to the leaders for approval; Then we can make a purchase plan.
The company's inventory is limited, the storage capacity is limited, and the cost of preserving raw materials is not low; Therefore, in principle, suppliers are required to deliver goods in batches, one batch at a time to ensure production; But if the price rises too much, you may have to take the goods at one time, and if you can't fit them, you will have to rent a warehouse outside. These have to be planned in advance. You can't go to the warehouse until the goods arrive.
5. Matters needing attention in making purchasing plan:
When making a purchase plan, we should pay attention to the following matters: Will consumption be variable? If there are too many orders, can delivery futures be guaranteed, and is it possible for traders to default when prices rise? What is the storage capacity after the arrival of the goods, and whether there will be quality accidents. ; If these problems cannot be solved, we can only adjust the procurement plan or change the procurement strategy.
6. How to adjust the purchasing plan when the market fluctuates?
When the market fluctuates or deviates from expectations, the purchase plan will also be adjusted; If you are bearish, when new factors come in, when the price rises or is unknown, you have to add positions. When the price rises, you have to add positions for 30-45 days. If the market is unknown, you have to adopt a prudent purchasing strategy and stock up for 25-30 days. When the original bullish, suddenly fell for some reason, as soon as possible to coordinate the dissolution of some contracts, transferred to other companies, reduce inventory but in principle can not default.
7. Quality control in procurement:
1, quality: first of all, the water content, the lower the corn water content, the better. It should be around 13%, and mildew will not occur; The second is impurities, the purity of corn should reach more than 99%, otherwise the grade will not go up; Great loss. The third is the crushing rate, which is produced when corn is threshed, such as broken grain, half grain, moth-eaten grain and so on. The fourth is fullness. The maturity of corn is good or bad. The better the maturity, the better the quality, and vice versa.
2. There will be a gap in humidity between the north and the south, and the temperature and humidity between the north and the south are different; Generally, the south is 0.5%-1%higher than the north; Therefore, we should communicate well in advance to avoid business disputes.
3. There are many broken grains, powder and loose corn.
4. The problem of corn storage in our own company.
5. Choosing high-quality customers with strong economic strength, good reputation and strong startup ability is the most important for the safety of contract delivery and the company's payment.
6. Product quality requirements should be the primary condition for procurement, followed by weight settlement, down payment ratio balance settlement method and other contract contents should be strictly examined and approved.
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