Ye, Jiang, Liu, Xu.

Single surname schools: Mei, Shang, Cheng, Xun, Wang, Song, Mao, Li, Zhang, Yang, Chen, Xiao Yu, Xiao Li, Dali and Gong.

Hao, Hou, Yuan, Qiu and Jin.

Xiao, Ye, Liu and Ma. . .

There have always been different opinions about the origin of the names of traditional Chinese opera roles. A common saying is that "life is beautiful, pure and ugly" is named after "anti-metaphor", which is actually a very old legend, dating back to the era when zaju and legends were popular. However, when it was in full swing, the fallacy had been pointed out. For example, Zhu Zhishan, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, said in Tan Wei: "It is absurd to call birth, purity, purity, and ultimate name, or to call it Tang Zhuangzong. When you were born, you were a man. Call yourself clean when pretending to be a woman, and call yourself an official when you are muddy, which is your local accent. What's the point? " This obviously denies that the role of drama is "anti-metaphor".

Say "raw" first. Zhu Zhishan said: "Life is a person." Simple, but reasonable. Mr, epigenetic, Confucian scholars, Zhang Sheng, Li Sheng, etc. Isn't the original meaning of "sheng" all a title for men? Some people may think that this is too simple and ordinary, and insist on studying the mystery, which leads to some far-fetched statements.

Say "Dan" again. People often wonder why women on the stage are called "Dan". Zhou, a historian of traditional Chinese opera, believes that the word "Dan" evolved from the word "sister". The order is "Sister" first, and "Sister" is mistaken for "Big" (There are Old Lonely Big, Double Selling Big, Mix Store in the Song Dynasty, and "Big" is the fault of "Sister". "Sister" has always been a name for women. Since "Dan" is the fault of "Sister", it is easy to understand that "Dan Jiao" plays women exclusively.

Say "net" Yuan Man Ke Danqiu thinks that "purity" is the mistake of "beauty". He explained: "Fu Fenmo's smile is white and green. It was called beautiful clothes in ancient times, but now it is a net." "Clean" Facebook is really white and green, which conforms to the meaning of "beautiful". Ke Danqiu's statement is reliable.

Speaking of "ugliness", there is no need to explain it. Just relative to "handsome". Don't people often say "ugly play" and "handsome play"? Although not all the characters played by "clowns" are bad people, most of them have to put a piece of white powder on their noses, and their images are ugly after all.

Respondent: Sun Tong Jinshi was born at 3-4 2 1:50 in seventh grade.

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Beijing opera, also known as role, is divided into five major trades: life, Dan, purity, end and ugliness.

1. The abbreviation of Shenghang is "Sheng". Life is divided into Xu Sheng (an old student), Hong Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Wu Sheng and Wa Sheng. It is one of the important industries of Peking Opera.

Xu Sheng (old man): All playwrights above middle age have beards. Because of their different personalities and identities, they can be divided into old people who are engaged in security or singing (such as playing emperors, bureaucrats, literati, etc. ), relying on old men (such as fighting military commanders) and declining old men (such as fighting the poor, etc.). ).

Hongsheng: He has a red beard, such as Guan Yu and Zhao Kuangyin.

Xiao Sheng: Ling Zisheng (including general pheasant and prince). ), Sha (official student), Fan Shengsheng (scholar), poor student (poor scholar) and so on.

Wu Sheng: For the role of Wu Sheng in the play, those who wear thick-soled boots are called long-sleeved (chopping board) Wu Sheng, and those who wear thin-soled boots are called short-sleeved (skimming) Wu Sheng.

2. Danxing is called "Dan" for short. Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, wudan, Beijing Opera Blues, Lao Dan, Tie Dan, Gui Dan and other roles. All the stars are women.

Tsing Yi: Mainly singing and playing the role of a good wife and mother.

Hua Dan: Also known as Flower Shirt, it is characterized by gorgeous costumes and mainly plays the roles of queen, princess, lady, female general, vendor, village girl and so on.

Wu Dan and Beijing Opera Blues: A Woman Good at Martial Arts.

Lao Dan: Singing with this voice is mostly for middle-aged and elderly women.

3. Network cable is called "net" for short, also called picture. Corner cleaning refers to the face-painting role with colorful paintings on the face, which looks unclean, so it means that the clean line is divided into the following roles: bronze hammer face painting and blackhead face painting; The faces painted on the bookshelves, such as the faces of generals, monks, outlaws, Wu Hualian, and slamming paintings, etc. The bronze hammer painted face is called Zheng Jing, the shelf painted face is called Vice Jing, the martial arts painted face is called Wu Jing, and the martial arts painted face is red and clean, which has different characteristics in performance style.

The last line is called the "end". This business is mainly for men over middle age. In fact, the end of the line is dedicated to the function of attracting drama, such as the first appearance, which is called "the end" because of the opposite meaning.

5. The ugly line is called "ugly" for short. In the play, the ugly line hooks the face, but it outlines the "three-faced face", and the face spectrum is very different from the painted face.

Ugliness can be divided into Wen Chou and Wu Ugliness. Wen Chou is divided into square towel ugliness (literati, Confucian scholars); Wu Chou is good at wrestling, hitting, turning and jumping. According to the zodiac, ugliness belongs to cattle, which is stupid, and ugliness is synonymous with stupidity. The ugliness of martial arts on the stage is also called jumping, but it can say and jump, playing a lively and clever role, which is completely different from the ugliness of cattle people.

Interviewee: Komatsu blog-CEO level 15 3-4 2 1:50

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Many people who study China's traditional operas have guessed where this reputation comes from. A common saying is "fate, Dan, cleanliness and ugliness", named after "anti-metaphor". This is actually a very old legend, which existed as early as the era when zaju and legends (different forms of ancient opera) were popular. Zhu Zhishan, a gifted scholar in the Ming Dynasty, disagreed with this view. He thinks it is meaningless to describe the ugly phenomenon in life as satire, or Tang named it under the guise of it. This is just a popular name for everyone. What's the big point to talk about? What a genius! One sentence is worth a thousand.

From this perspective, life refers to men. Otherwise, how can there be such names as Mr., epigenetic, Confucian scholar, Zhang Sheng and Li Sheng? Dan is harder to explain. Zhou, a historian of traditional Chinese opera, believes that the word "Dan" evolved from the word "sister". The order is "elder sister" first, and then "elder sister" is mistaken for "elder sister" (in Song Dynasty, there were dramas such as "Old Lonely Big" and "Double Selling Big", and "elder sister" was abbreviated as "elder sister", which has always been a title for women, as Tianjin can prove. Since "Dan" originated from "Sister", it is easy to understand that "Dan Jiao" plays women exclusively. Jing, a, Ke Danqiu thinks "Jing" is the mistake of "Jing". He said, all you have to do is make up your face. White and green are really beautiful. Beautiful is called openness, and then somehow it becomes a net. Ugly,

Needless to say, it is nothing more than relative to "Jun". Although not all the characters played by "clowns" are bad people, most of them have to put a piece of white powder on their noses, and their images are ugly after all. Some people may think this explanation is too simple and common. If we persist in studying this mystery, we will certainly find a new explanation.

Nowadays, the roles of Beijing opera are also divided into "life, Dan, Jing and Ugliness", but each one has many classifications. I won't pull them here.

Li Yu, a playwright in the Ming Dynasty, was poor. Once he went to borrow money from a rich relative, who just kept serving tea and water without mentioning money. Li Yu is not polite. After drinking tea, he left by boat. Rich relatives snigger. Before long, someone sent a small bag containing white powder and a pen for the clown to hook his face. When the rich relatives saw it, they immediately prepared a sum of money to chase it and gave it to Li Yu. Li Yu saw the silver, smiled and put down the pen. A clown play featuring rich relatives has been written in the middle.

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Beijing Opera, also known as Beijing Opera and National Opera. It was first produced around 1970, with a history of 150 years. The original Peking Opera had no fixed aria and genre. It is a mixture of Huiban, Kunqu Opera, Blowing Cavity, Siping Tune and so on. After changes and explorations, I finally have my own style, that is, Peking Opera.

My grandfather told me all this. He likes Beijing Opera very much. Speaking of the history of Beijing opera, he is very happy, eloquent, quoting classics, from sectarian origin to singing, can be described in detail. To tell the truth, I don't like Beijing opera very much. If it really has anything to do with my hobbies, I'm only interested in the facial makeup, costumes and movements of Beijing opera.

The first and most comprehensive Peking Opera was a drunken performance by Mei Baojiu, a famous Peking Opera performer. The lady's face is rosy, her eyes are flowing, she is angry and happy, and her posture of telling the truth after drinking makes me deeply impressed and intoxicated. Allegro hits, click, click, click ... Knock, choke, pause. Grandpa began to explain on the set: In the past, female roles were all played by men, and singing opera was the most despised business. It is said that players are players, but that is spurned. This is feudal. I don't care. All right! The imperial concubine appeared on the stage, and her grandfather named Cai under the stage.

Although I don't know much about the lyrics of Beijing Opera, I know a little about Facebook and costumes. Facebook is a key step in Peking Opera, and people's personalities and identities can often be seen from Facebook before the lyrics blurt out. Such as Guan Gong's red face, Xiang Yu's white face, Zhang Fei's black face, Cao Cao's white eyebrows and long eyes, Huang Lao's tile face and so on. These are the most basic differences.

A set of headdresses in Beijing Opera is very complicated. As far as clothing is concerned, it can be divided into six categories: robes, jackets, armor, helmets and hats, boots and shoes and accessories. Official clothes are mostly worn by officials, including robes and instep, sleeves and loose belts. The patterns of these robes are generally dragon-scattered, and the most memorable one is Bao Gong's robes in Qin Xianglian, with golden dragons scattered on the black background, which is solemn and solemn. Shorts are generally divided into colorful jackets and tights worn by bartenders, waiters, matchmakers or young women, also known as night clothes. Shi Xiu in the Water Margin is dressed like this. Armor is easy to understand, it is a combat uniform. There is a head pillow at the back of the clothes, so it will look good if you insert colorful flags. A typical example is Mu in Yang Men Nvxia. Helmets and hats, as the name implies, are the top hats of figures, the dragon crowns of emperors, the phoenix crowns of queens, the literary scarves of literati and the black hats of officials. In Beijing opera, the crown also represents the identity of a role. People often say that taking off their jobs means only your official position. Shoes and boots are divided into thick-soled official boots and leisure boots. Official futures are mostly white at the bottom, seeking harmony with official uniforms. Casual boots are divided into women's and men's, and there are also differences. The last subsidiary category includes sleeves, belts, meters and other clothes. Sleeves are most commonly used to express the emotions of characters. When they were happy, they circled around, and when they were angry, they left, all of which were vivid.

There are many roles in Beijing Opera, which can be roughly divided into four parts: Laosheng, Xiao Sheng, Wusheng, Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, Beijing Opera Blues, Jiazi, Wen Chou and Cai Dan. Each character has his own singing and expression, from the fingering to the costume. I'm afraid this exquisite performance form is only available in China.

Traditional Chinese opera is the quintessence of China. Besides Beijing Opera, there are Kunqu Opera, Henan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Gaojia Opera, Henan Bangzi Opera, Huai Opera and so on.

As the main type of traditional operas in China, Peking Opera will continue to flourish. Where there are China people, there are operas.

The role of Peking Opera

Beijing Opera has its unique modeling language in shaping characters. It divides people of different genders, personalities, ages and identities into different occupations. Generally speaking, there are four occupations: fate, Dan, cleanliness and ugliness. Because of its vivid characters, diverse styles and strong dramatic effects, Beijing opera is often more likely to arouse the audience's appreciation interest.

"Sheng" in Peking Opera generally refers to the actors who play men in the play, and can be subdivided into "old students", "primary school students" and "martial arts students". "Old students", as the name implies, are middle-aged and elderly men. They often play upright and upright characters, such as Wu Zixu in the Beijing Opera Wu Zixu. They wear fake beards to hang on their ears when performing, which is also called "Dunkou" in Beijing Opera jargon, so they also have a set of performance skills in Dunkou. The color of the beard indicates the age of the character. Yang Silang in the Beijing Opera "Shiro Visiting Mother" is about thirty years old and has a black beard. In the Beijing Opera Qin Xianglian, Wang Yanling is about 60 years old and has a white beard. Old students generally pay attention to singing skills and delicate performances in the play, and their voices are also the richest. The lines are expressed in rhyme and white in Beijing opera, and the singing is performed in real voice. The style is strong, straight, simple and mellow, and the action modeling is mainly graceful, elegant and solemn.

Corresponding to the old students is "Xiao Sheng", which refers to the role of young men in Beijing Opera. Their movements in the play are elegant, charming and graceful. Singing adopts the combination of true and false voices, and the singing style is gorgeous and lively. For example, Xu Xian in the Peking Opera Legend of the White Snake.

"Wu Sheng" refers to the young male military commander who plays the role in the play. They show the characters' martial arts with superb martial arts. Do not pay attention to singing, but pay attention to the skills and difficulty of Wushu movements. For example, Zhao Yun in Changbanpo of Peking Opera.

In Beijing opera, women are collectively called "Dan", which can be subdivided into many occupations according to the age and personality of the role. The woman who plays a well-off family and has status is called "Zheng Dan", and Zheng Dan is commonly known as "Tsing Yi" in Peking Opera, which is named after Zheng Dan's character who often wears a blue robe. Dou E, the heroine in the Peking Opera Dou E Yuan, is a typical Tsing Yi character. Tsing Yi's performance is solemn and demure, beautiful, elegant and gentle, and mainly focuses on singing. Generally speaking, Tsing Yi's singing is beautiful and delicate.

"Hua Dan" in "Danxing" plays more innocent and lively or dissolute and provocative Tsing Yi women, and pays attention to work and reading white characters in the performance, such as the matchmaker in "Matchmaker".

"Wu Dan" and "Beijing Opera Blues" are equivalent to martial arts students professionally, and they all play young and middle-aged women with high martial arts. They dressed up as martial arts students and wore clothes. Most of them play female Xia, female generals and even female fairies. The performances of Wu Dan and Beijing Opera blues are often accompanied by lively gongs and drums, which set off the atmosphere on the field.

"Lao Dan" refers to playing the role of an elderly woman in the play. In order to highlight the characteristics of the elderly, we walk with a steady pace of eight characters, the colors of our clothes are dark Qiu Xiangse and dark green, and we sing with real voices.

In Beijing opera, the "Jing" corner is a unique figure type on the stage, and the facial makeup is the most colorful. "Jing" is also commonly known as "big face", because facial makeup needs to use various colors and patterns to outline the face.

Generally speaking, men who play the role of appearance or personality in Beijing Opera are mostly generals, deified figures or people with certain social status. Although it is divided into good and evil, it is almost rough, weird and heroic in character and temperament. Therefore, in singing, they are required to sing with real voices. The timbre is broad and loud, vigorous and vigorous, and the action modeling is bold, highlighting the character and momentum of the characters.

The "ugly" actors in Beijing opera are also called "little faces". Although the makeup of the "ugly" line is a bit like that of the big face, his performance style is completely different, a bit like an exaggerated cartoon. The appearance of clowns often causes laughter all over the house.

Ugliness can be divided into "Wen Chou" and "Wu Ugliness". Wu Chou often plays people who are alert, funny and skilled in martial arts, such as outlaws, Grand Theft Auto and so on. Wen Chou often plays playboy, jailer, bartender, night watchman, veteran, etc. Both Wen Chou and Wu Chou are humorous comedy characters in the play, but they are not all villains, although they are divided into good and evil in civil and military affairs and have high and low status.

The business of Peking Opera has been refined and standardized for a long time. It is an important feature different from other forms of drama to highlight the internal characteristics of the characters and externalize their internal characteristics.